车轮钢中的白点(一)

研究了车轮钢中白点形成的机理以及白点对断口形貌的影响.结果表明,氢和空位聚集导致鼓泡形核和长大,随着鼓泡内氢气压力的升高,裂纹从鼓泡核壁形核、扩展导致白点形成.白点的断口为准解理,和氢致滞后开裂断口相同,含白点试样的断口形貌依赖于断裂方式和试样厚度.钢中的白点除了产生二次裂纹和局部准解理断面外,对各种断口形貌均没有明显的影响.     

一种单晶高温合金不同温度的高周疲劳性能

研究了一种单晶高温合金700 ℃和800 ℃的高周疲劳性能，采用扫描电镜和透射电镜分析了断口和断裂机制.结果表明，随着温度升高，合金的疲劳强度系数降低，Basquin系数增加，高周疲劳极限降低.合金700 ℃与800 ℃具有相同的高周疲劳断口，都有几个{111}面平面组成，为类解理断裂机制.疲劳断口由裂纹源区、扩展区和瞬断区3部分组成.裂纹起源于试样的表面或亚表面，并沿{111}面扩展.扩展区可见河流状花样、滑移带、疲劳弧线和疲劳条带特征.瞬断区可见解理台阶和撕裂棱.断裂后γ′相仍保持立方形状，位错不均匀分布在γ基体通道中.      

Influence of Cast Dimension on Rotary Bending High Cycle Fatigue Properties of Single Crystal Superalloy

Samples of DD3 single crystal superalloy with different dimensions were cast in the directionally solidified furnace with high temperature gradient. The effect of cast dimension on the rotary bending high cycle fatigue (HCF) properties of the alloy was investigated at 800 °C in ambient atmosphere. SEM was used to examine the fracture surface and fracture mechanism of the alloy. The results show that the rotary bending HCF properties of the alloy decreases with increasing cast dimension. The cast dimension has little effect on the HCF fracture mechanism of the alloy. The HCF fracture mechanism of the alloy with different cast dimensions is all quasi-cleavage fracture. The fatigue cracks initiated on the surface or near the surface of the specimens. The crack would propagate along {111} octahedral slip planes. Typical fatigue arc and striation formed on fatigue crack steady propagation. The degeneration of HCF properties is due to the increase of dendrite arm spacing and size of γ′ phase particles and maximal microporosity.     

Method of Evaluating Delayed Fracture Susceptibility of Tempered Martensitic Steel Showing Quasi-Cleavage Fracture

The difference in the hydrogen charging methods, immersion in a NH₄SCN aqueous solution, and cathodic electrolysis in a NaOH aqueous solution, did not affect the hydrogen state present in the steel, but it did affect the surface state of the specimens through corrosion, causing fracture strength to fluctuate in tensile testes. As for stress application method, the fracture strength at lower crosshead speeds in tensile tests was consistent with that found for hydrogen precharging prior to stress application in CLTs as long as hydrogen charging was conducted by cathodic electrolysis. However, the fracture strength obtained with concurrent hydrogen charging without precharging prior to stress application in CLTs was higher than that with hydrogen precharging prior to stress application in CLTs regardless of the same hydrogen content. In other words, delayed fracture susceptibility was affected by the order of hydrogen charging and stress application for quasi-cleavage fracture associated with local plastic deformation, i.e., dislocation motion. Therefore, by taking into account the cathodic electrolysis in the NaOH solution, the low crosshead speed and the order of hydrogen charging and stress application, the fracture strength in CLTs, and tensile tests coincided with respect to quasi-cleavage fracture even though the stress application methods were different.     

奥氏体化温度对40CrNiMo钢组织和性能的影响

详细研究了奥氏体化温度对中碳调质钢40CrNiMo的淬透性、以0.7℃/s淬火后组织及调质处理后组织和性能的影响.研究结果显示,随着奥氏体化温度从800提高至1000℃,材料的淬透性逐渐增加,尤其是当奥氏体化温度提高至950℃以后,淬透性增加幅度显著变大.当奥氏体化温度为800℃时,组织中存在相对多的铁素体,使得淬火后...     

氮对Fe-38Mn奥氏体钢低温冲击韧性的影响

研究了不同氮含量对真空熔炼的Fe-38Mn合金77K冲击韧性及断口形貌的影响。结果表明适当氮含量可以显著提高Fe-38Mn合金的低温冲击性能，其断口形貌由沿晶断裂断口转变为准解理断口。     

低合金钢焊接热影响区的静载断裂特性

 低应力破坏是焊接结构常见的断裂形式之一,为确定其影响因素,采用插销法焊接试验和扫描电镜断口观察,研究了低合金钢焊接热影响区的静载断裂特性。试验结果表明,为防止焊接热影响区产生低应力断裂,采用预热措施是十分有效的;预热80℃以上时,断裂强度与母材强度相接近。断口观察表明,不预热时绝大部分为结晶状断口,微观上呈现氢致沿晶断裂和氢致准解理断裂;预热时绝大部分是纤维状断口,微观上呈韧窝状。     

Hydrogen-assisted ductile fracture in porous iron

The present paper has studied the effect of porosity and hydrogen on the deformation and fracture properties in porous iron using double notched specimen tests and quantitative metallography analyses to characterize void growth. The presence of hydrogen produced the greatest hardening effect in the sample with a porosity of 0.037. It was found that while the effect of hydrogen on the reduction in area was greatest in the specimen with a porosity of 0.037, its effect on the fracture energy did not depend on the porosity. The ductile fracture surface morphology remained the same in all the specimens without and with hydrogen except for the sample with porosity of 0.003 where hydrogen induced some quasi-cleavage fracture. The quantitative metallography analysis of voids in the region near the fracture surface and below the unfractured notch has demonstrated that hydrogen causes the void growth to increase prior to plastic instability. The effect of hydrogen on the void growth was found to be slightly enhanced as the porosity was increased. The microscopic process of hardening induced by hydrogen is presented. The mechanism for hydrogen-assisted void growth is discussed in light of a recently developed model using a dislocation theory.     

The Role of Hydrogen on the Local Fracture Toughness Properties of 7XXX Aluminum Alloys

High-resolution synchrotron X-ray microtomography has been successfully used to evaluate the local crack driving force at arbitrary crack tip locations as a form of CTOD. This is to our knowledge the first experimental evidence in supporting a correlation between the local fracture toughness associated with the corresponding hydrogen-assisted fracture mode including quasi-cleavage, intergranular, and dimple. Our results have revealed that very small CTOD, of about 1.26 μm, is observed when the crack tip is located in the quasi-cleavage fracture. Compared to quasi-cleavage fracture, the CTOD values increase by a factor of 5 when the crack tip is located in intergranular fracture mode and even greater increase in CTOD (of about 18 times) is observed when the crack tip is located in dimple fracture mode. We also observed that the crack propagation process under the influence of hydrogen deviates greatly from that of standard behavior, where stable crack growth is accompanied by a change in crack tip singularity from the HRR to the RDS. It was concluded that the presence of high concentration of hydrogen ahead of the crack tip increases the slip localization, and thereby reduces crack tip blunting. Hence crack continues to grow before the crack tip becomes fully blunt.     

FeCoNbSiB块体非晶合金韧脆转变的研究

本文以[（FeCo）0.75B0.2Si0.05]96Nb4非晶合金为对象,用单轴压缩的方法研究了热处理对其压缩断裂行为的影响。结果表明,非晶合金在室温单轴压缩条件下呈准解理断裂,当退火至略高于其晶化温度时,合金的压缩断裂表现为单纯解理断裂。     

Correlation of microstructure with mechanical properties of 300m steel

300M steel was subjected to a wide range of quenched and tempered heat treatments. The plane-strain fracture toughness and the tensile ultimate and yield strengths were evaluated. Results indicate that substantial improvement in toughness with no loss in strength can be accomplished in quenched and tempered steel by austenitizing at 1255 K (1800°F) or higher. Low fracture toughness in conventionally austenitized 300M steel (1144 K (1600°F)) appears to be caused by undissolved precipitates seen both in the submicrostructure and on the fracture surface which promote failure by quasi-cleavage. These precipitates appeared to dissolve in the range 1200 to 1255 K (1700 to 1800°F). Formerly Research Metallurgist at NASA-Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX. Formerly NRC Postdoctoral Research Associate at NASA-Johnson Space Center.     

Effect of Aluminum and Grain Size on the Fracture Behavior of Twinning-Induced Plasticity Steels

The present study investigates the effect of Al and grain size on the notch sensitivity and fracture toughness of twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steels. It is evident that the notch sensitivity and fracture toughness of TWIP steels can be improved by the addition of Al and grain refinement. Furthermore, the relatively low fracture toughness and high-notched sensitivity of coarse-grained TWIP steels can be explained by a quasi-cleavage fracture mechanism.     

Effects of Dendritic Orientation on Stress Rupture Properties of DD6 Single Crystal Superalloy

 DD6 single crystal superalloy slabs were prepared with seed method in the directionally solidified furnace with high temperature gradient. The transverse stress rupture properties and fracture behaviour of the alloy at 760 ℃/758 MPa, 850 ℃/550 MPa and 980 ℃/250 MPa were investigated and compared with those of longitudinal specimens. The transverse stress rupture lives are corresponding with the longitudinal stress rupture lives at 760 ℃/758 MPa and 850 ℃/550 MPa. The transverse stress rupture lives are slightly less than the longitudinal stress rupture lives at 980 ℃/250 MPa. The fracture mechanism of the transverse stress rupture of the alloy at 760 ℃/758 MPa shows quasi-cleavage mode and the fracture mechanism at 980 ℃/250 MPa shows dimple mode, while the fracture mechanism at 850 ℃/550 MPa shows quasi-cleavage and dimple mixture mode. At higher temperature and lower stress, the microcracks are easier to initiate and interconnect in the transverse specimen than those in longitudinal specimen because there are interdendritic regions perpendicular to the axis of stress.     

第三代汽车钢的热塑性及断裂机理

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机,对第三代汽车钢(TG钢)在不同的变形温度下进行了热拉伸试验,研究其热塑性的变化运用光学显微镜和扫描电镜分析了实验钢热变形的断口形貌及断裂机理.发现实验钢的强度随温度的升高而降低,热塑性曲线分为第Ⅰ脆性区、高温塑性区和第Ⅲ脆性区三个区域,其中第Ⅲ脆性区存在两个塑性极小值.在1300~800℃时实验钢的组织为奥氏体,断裂方式为连孔延性断裂,动态再结晶使韧窝分离前发生了较大的塑性变形,断口为大而深的韧窝;750℃时实验钢沿奥氏体晶界析出铁素体,断裂方式为界面断裂,断口既存在着铁素体内聚失效形成的小的孔洞,也存在由于裂纹沿奥氏体晶界扩展形成的石块状形貌;650℃由于出现了铁素体的准解理,实验钢的塑性下降,热塑性曲线再次出现极小值.      

Effects of Tempering Temperature and Mo/Ni on Microstructures and Properties of Lath Martensitic Wear-Resistant Steels

 The tempering behavior was experimentally studied in lath martensitic wear-resistant steels with various Mo/Ni contents after tempering at different temperatures from 200 to 600 ℃. It is shown that a good combination of hardness (HV) (420-450) and -20 ℃ impact toughness (38-70 J) can be obtained after quenching and tempering at 200-250 ℃. The microstructure at this temperature is lath structure with rod-like and/or flake-like ε-carbide with about 10 nm in width and 100 nm in length in the matrix, and the fracture mechanism is quasi-cleavage fracture combining with ductile fracture. Tempering at temperature from 300 to 400 ℃ results in the primary quasi-cleavage fracture due to the carbide transformation from resolved retained austenite and impurity segregation between laths or blocks. However, when the tempering temperature is higher than 500 ℃, the hardness (HV) is lower than 330 and the fracture mechanism changes to ductile fracture due to the spheroidization and coarsening of cementite. Additions of Mo and Ni have no significant effects on the carbides morphologies at low tempering temperatures, but improve the resistance to softening and embrittling for steels when tempered at above 350 ℃.     

高纯钼板断口形貌和组织分析

对通过不同锻造和轧制工艺制备的高纯钼板的拉伸力学性能、显微组织和断口形貌进行了分析。确定了不同工艺条件下高纯钼板的组织变化情况和抗拉强度。结果表明：纤维状组织的高纯钼板具有良好的室温韧性，其断裂表现为准解理断裂；若经过回复和再结晶，纤维组织转化成等轴晶粒组织，则材料呈现脆性，其断裂表现为穿晶解理断裂和沿晶脆性断裂的混合型断裂。     

Investigation of Mechanical Property of Oil Tube Steel P110S in High Temperature and High Pressure Environment Containing H2S/CO2

With the exploitation of high sour and deep oil well in china,the corrosion medium containing CO 2,H 2 S,Cl-and organic acid threaten the safety of oil equipment and tube steel severely.In this article,many experiments,including corrosion tests,tensile tests,hydrogen concentration measurement tests and SEM examinations,were performed to investigate the effect of H 2 S partial pressure and loading stress on the mechanical property of oil tube steel P110S in high temperature and high pressure environment containing H 2 S/CO 2.The tensile strength and yield strength during fracture process of P110S steel were obtained experimentally and the fracture morphology was analyzed by SEM.The results indicate that both tensile strength and yield strength decreased after corrosion.The damage of tensile strength and yield strength became serious with an increase in H 2 S partial pressure and loading stress.According to the fracture analysis,the fracture mode exhibited quasi-cleavage and dimple mixed fracture,and the area of quasi-cleavage pattern increased with H 2 S partial pressure and loading stress increasing.According to the results of tensile test and hydrogen concentration measurement test,the tensile property degradation is closely associated with diffusible hydrogen concentration of P110S steel in the H 2 S/CO 2 environment.     

热处理对含Y元素AZ31镁合金板材组织和性能的影响

对含Y元素AZ31镁合金板材进行退火处理后的组织和性能进行了研究.结果表明:随着退火温度的升高,镁合金晶粒尺寸逐渐增大,力学性能略有提高然后降低;退火时间对镁合金晶粒尺寸影响不大;在300℃下退火1 h后板材性能达到最佳,抗拉强度为255 MPa,屈服强度为170 MPa,延伸率为24%;经过热处理后镁合金断裂方式为准解理断裂和韧性断裂的复合形式.      

无取向Fe-3.3%Si钢带材温拉伸变形行为分析

利用电子试验机对热轧后Fe-3.3%Si钢开展了温度范围为250~700 ℃及应变速率为0.001~0.1 s-1的单向拉伸试验,并对其拉伸后断口形貌和微观组织进行了观测与分析。结果表明,随着变形温度的升高,抗拉强度显著降低,伸长率呈指数增加;变形温度较低时,材料发生明显的加工硬化,非均匀塑性变形阶段较短,温度升高至550 ℃时,材料发生了明显的动态回复和动态再结晶;拉伸速率较低时断口存在明显的韧窝,与低温时发生的剪切断裂相比,温度较高时,韧窝基本与拉伸方向一致,属于拉伸断裂;变形速率较高时,断口出现部分河流花样准解理断裂,解理面由表面到芯部逐渐分层,形成了解理台阶或撕裂棱,多层解理面之间存在部分韧窝;拉伸过程中芯部变形量大,组织主要表现为变形带,温度较低时,表面组织为被拉长的晶粒,变形温度较高时,表面有大量的等轴晶。研究结果对硅钢温变形组织性能控制及温轧工艺制定和优化具有重要理论意义。     

Effect of heat treatment on the fracture toughness of hot-rolled corrosion-resistant austenitic high-nitrogen 0.4Cr20Ni6Mn11Mo2N0.5 steel

The effect of water quenching from rolling heating at 1100°C on the structure, the mechanical properties, and the static fracture toughness of corrosion-resistant austenitic high-nitrogen 0.4Cr20Ni6Mn11Mo2N0.5 steel shot-rolled at 1100–900°C is studied. It is found that, after quenching, the initially hot-deformed steel possesses a quite high fracture toughness, although quenching from 1100°C decreases its fracture toughness by 11.4%. An analysis of fracture surfaces indicates a ductile character of failed quenched steel specimens. The specimens have fracture regions close to a quasi-cleavage at the stage of stable crack growth.