GIL廊道内SF6气体泄漏扩散及风机安装优化研究

气体绝缘金属封闭输电线路(GIL)中出现气体泄漏问题会导致输电线路绝缘性能下降,同时危及工作人员人身安全。针对廊道内敷设的GIL设备泄漏问题,建立GIL廊道有限元模型,计算吸风管道和排风腔设计对廊道内泄漏气体的影响,并研究了风机的摆放方向、数量与排漏速率的关系。结果表明,吸风管道能引流部分泄漏气体至底部的排风腔内,使GIL廊道内的SF_6气体浓度降低,开启吸风管道后能使廊道内SF_6气体浓度降低约25%;风机的排风方式会影响各区域泄漏气体排出的速率,且会在不同位置出现泄漏气体浓度下降较缓慢的区域,相较而言从中部往两侧通风方案较优;随着廊道内风机数量的增加,能大幅缩短泄漏气体排出时间,但在风机数量增至一定程度后,继续增加风机数量排风速率增长不再明显。     

SF6气体试验专用工具的研制

本文通过介绍目前GIS设备SF₆气体试验的现状及存在的不足,提出研制GIS设备SF₆气体试验专用工具,将传统只能依靠人力装卸的工作转化为电动机械模式,明显缩短试验时间,降低人工成本和安全风险。     

高含硫天然气管道泄漏扩散数值模拟

天然气在集输过程中,由于管道老化、腐蚀等因素引起的泄漏事故时有发生,其中以小孔径泄漏事故发生概率偏大.本文利用软件对高含硫天然气小孔径泄漏进行数值模拟,模拟结果显示,泄漏气体中甲烷和硫化氢的扩散范围、浓度含量、烟云高度受风速影响明显.高含硫天然气管道小孔径泄漏后,在环境风速8 m/s时,泄漏形成的危险区域沿地面向下风向...     

O2/CO2和O2/N2氛围下煤粉富氧燃烧数值模拟

在目前煤炭依然作为能源主体的背景下,控制燃煤污染物排放有着重要意义。基于CFD数值模拟,建立伴流燃烧器模型,控制燃料、氧化剂入口流量恒定,设计了O₂/CO₂、O₂/N₂氧化剂氛围中O₂浓度在21%～40%内的多种工况,对煤粉燃烧特性及燃烧产生的污染物进行了研究。分析了不同工况下煤粉燃烧的温度分布、燃烧速率、碳烟、NO_x的生成情况。结果显示,在O₂/CO₂、O₂/N₂两种氧化剂氛围中,随着O₂浓度的上升,煤粉燃烧温度升高、燃烧速率增大,碳烟生成量均增加,同等O2浓度条件下,O₂/CO₂氛围的煤粉燃烧温度和燃烧速率均高于O₂/N₂氛围,碳烟生成量小于O₂/N₂氛围,且O₂/CO₂...     

管道输运高压氢气与天然气的泄漏扩散数值模拟

基于有限体积法,建立了管道运输高压氢气及天然气的泄漏扩散模型,考虑到氢气与天然气的管道泄漏事故危险性不同,进行了数值模拟与对比,得出了管道泄漏后氢气与天然气的不同泄漏扩散特性.结果表明:高压氢气的泄漏扩散形成的危险云团较大而且集中;氢气初始的泄漏速度比天然气大得多,与周围环境达到压力平衡所需时间较天然气短;随着扩散时间的增加,氢气危险气体云团扩散最大高度较天然气增加得快;在近地面区氢气泄漏扩散产生的危险后果较天然气小.     

综合管廊断面和风速对排烟影响的数值模拟研究

应用火灾模拟软件PyroSim,对综合管廊电缆舱火灾进行数值模拟,讨论不同断面高宽比和风速对排烟效果的影响。分析得到:排烟过程中,下部区域排烟效率高于上部区域;同一断面下,风速越小排烟效率越低;高宽比对于排烟效率影响较大,风速相同时,高宽比越大,下部排烟效率越高,而上部排烟效率越低,高宽比越小,其整体排烟效率越高。     

受限空间内氢气泄漏扩散行为的数值模拟

氢分子是自然界中最小的分子,很容易通过管道接头、阀门等位置发生泄漏。由于氢气的易燃易爆属性,泄漏后形成的可燃气云一旦遇到火源容易演变成事故。因此,对氢气泄漏扩散行为进行研究有助于掌握氢气事故演化发展规律,对于事故预防具有重要意义。针对一个尺寸为0.47 m×0.33 m×0.20 m的立方体空间建立几何模型,采用自主研发的MPPBuoyantEpplFoam求解器对该模型内的氢气泄漏扩散行为进行了数值模拟,获得了氢气泄漏后的氢气浓度分布、扩散速度分布及流动扩散规律,通过与相关文献中的实验结果进行对比,二者吻合较好,初步验证了该求解器多组分扩散功能的准确性。研究结果表明,在受限空间内,氢气泄漏后表现出如下流动扩散规律：1)氢气从模型顶部竖直向下喷入计算域后,在周围静止空气阻滞作用和浮升力作用下,扩散速度迅速减小,流动的动量控制区变短;2)在氢气注入阶段,计算域氢气浓度分布会在浮力作用下呈现明显的分层效应,上部的氢气浓度高,下部的氢气浓度低;3)氢气停止注入后,在分子扩散作用下,计算域上下部氢气浓度差逐渐变小,并最终达到均匀混合。     

冲焰角度对燃烧特性影响的数值模拟

以冲焰式扩散燃烧器为研究对象,应用fluent数值模拟软件,运用非预混燃烧模型模拟不同的火焰对冲角度对火焰形态,燃烧温度以及CO和NOx排放量的影响。根据数值模拟结果,分析其燃烧特性和污染物排放特性随火焰对冲角度变化的规律,从而对该类燃烧器的优化设计提供指导。     

CO2地质储存过程中地球化学反应数值模拟研究

CO₂地质储存是实现碳达峰碳中和目标的重要途径,地球化学反应模拟是进一步论证CO₂地质储存技术可行性的重要环节。总结地球化学模拟技术研究进展,采用单一的模拟软件开发与其他软件搭接的形式,以便更加准确地研究矿物溶解与沉淀、孔隙度、渗透率等多方面问题,全面整理各种模拟方法与优势,分析未来存在的挑战,为地质储存技术在地球化学模拟方面的研究提供参考。     

CO2掺混比例对于O2+CO2混合喷吹氧枪射流特性的影响

二氧化碳应用于转炉顶吹,既是对二氧化碳的资源化利用,缓解钢厂减排任务,又可以提高转炉脱磷率,降低火点区温度,减少粉尘产生和排放,降低终渣TFe,有利于减少钢铁料消耗,降低成本。使用Ansys Fluent软件对六孔氧枪喷头射流进行数值模拟分析,设置二氧化碳混合比例分别为0,30%,50%,100%,分析不同掺混比例对六孔氧枪喷头射流特性的影响。结果显示,掺混比例提高会降低喷头出口速度,但速度衰减减缓,流股掺混减弱,射流动压上升,冲击能力增大。本研究结果可为转炉顶吹二氧化碳的工艺提供理论参考。     

输油圆管弯头段泄漏流场数值模拟

目前各国在役管道存在的老化及腐蚀等问题对人民生命财产安全构成了潜在的危害。如何及时准确地检测管道泄漏现象的发生,对管道安全运行及人民群众的生命财产安全具有重要意义.采用有限容积法,建立三维管道泄漏方程,分析了不同输送速度及泄漏孔径对泄漏后管内流场影响。研究发现：输送速度和泄漏孔径对管内压强、局部高压区、泄漏量、泄漏质量百分比的影响相反。管内压强和流量变化特性为高科技管道检测泄漏技术提供了可能性。     

Influence of K2TiF6 additive on the hydrogen sorption properties of MgH2

In this study, the hydrogen storage properties of MgH₂ with the addition of K₂TiF₆ were investigated for the first time. The temperature-programmed desorption results showed that the addition of 10 wt% K₂TiF₆ to the MgH₂ exhibited a lower onset desorption temperature of 245 °C, which was a decrease of about 105 °C and 205 °C compared with the as-milled and as-received MgH₂, respectively. The dehydrogenation and rehydrogenation kinetics of 10 wt% K₂TiF₆-doped MgH₂ were also significantly improved compared to the un-doped MgH₂. The results of the Arrhenius plot showed that the activation energy for the hydrogen desorption of MgH₂ was reduced from 164 kJ/mol to 132 kJ/mol after the addition of 10 wt% K₂TiF₆. Meanwhile, the X-ray diffraction analysis showed the formation of a new phase of potassium hydride and titanium hydride together with magnesium fluoride and titanium in the doped MgH₂ after the dehydrogenation and rehydrogenation process. It is reasonable to conclude that the K₂TiF₆ additive doped with MgH₂ played a catalytic role through the formation of active species of KH, TiH₂, MgF₂ and Ti during the ball milling or heating process. It is therefore proposed that this newly developed product works as a real catalyst for improving the hydrogen sorption properties of MgH₂.     

O2/CO2气氛下炉内煤粉切圆燃烧数值研究

对某电厂600 MW切圆燃烧锅炉进行了O2/CO2气氛下炉内流动、传热和燃烧过程的数值研究。结果表明:在O2/CO2气氛下,随着氧气摩尔浓度的增加,炉内温度升高,高温区变大,对煤粉的着火燃烧有利;但考虑到燃烧器安全和水冷壁结渣,氧气摩尔浓度不能太高,对燃用文中煤质的锅炉其极限摩尔浓度在40%至45%之间。O2/CO2气氛对现有切圆燃烧锅炉的上层燃烧器煤粉的燃烧影响较小,对下层燃烧器煤粉的燃烧影响较大。与空气气氛煤粉燃烧相比,炉内火焰中心上移,且在氧气摩尔浓度不太高时,炉内温度分布特性有利于防止水冷壁的结渣。     

汽轮机叶片正弯对叶顶间隙泄漏流动影响的数值模拟

以某汽轮机高压级动叶为研究对象,采用κ-ε湍流模型,应用SIMPLEC算法对在相同叶顶间隙高度下的常规扭叶片和正弯扭叶片的叶顶间隙流动进行了数值模拟。研究结果表明:与常规扭叶片相比,叶片正弯提高了汽流在叶顶区的最低压力值,减小了叶顶压力边与吸力边的横向压力梯度;汽流在正弯扭叶片吸力面附近形成的泄漏涡的影响范围和对通道主流的扰动弱于在常规扭叶片内形成的影响;正弯扭叶片使汽流在吸力面和压力面上形成了叶顶部正径向压力梯度、叶根部负径向压力梯度的"C"型压力分布,同时降低了叶片上端部附近的总压损失。叶片正弯既降低了叶顶泄漏损失,又降低了叶栅通道内的掺混损失。     

煤粉粒径对密相气力输送流型影响的数值模拟

针对目前密相气力输送数值模拟过程中所存在的关键问题,提出了一种描述固相内部相互作用对颗粒运动影响的数学模型,采用该模型能够对稠密气固两相流动(乃至颗粒发生大量沉积的情况)进行数值模拟.新模型在离散颗粒模型的基础上,通过描述颗粒所在局部空间的固相浓度及颗粒群运动特征所建立,使其既能够模拟悬浮流动的稀相颗粒运动,又能模拟管内出现堆积情况的密相气固两相流.利用所建立的数学模型对高压密相煤粉气力输送的颗粒流动过程进行了数值模拟.模拟结果显示,随着颗粒粒径增大,粉体密相气力输送流型从沉积层流变化为沙丘流,进而演变成栓塞流的演变过程,并结合实验验证了典型的栓塞流、沙丘流等流型特征;并且平均栓塞长度随着粒径的增大而减小,而随着粉体粒径的增大,输送管道中固相容积份额则整体上呈增大趋势.     

O2/CO2气氛添加CaCO3对徐州烟煤PM2.5排放的影响

采用管式炉研究了在O2/CO2气氛下添加CaCO3对PM2.5(空气动力学直径小于2.5,μm的颗粒物)排放特性的影响.试验采用荷电低压撞击器(ELPI)采集和分析燃烧后的PM2.5.结果表明,添加CaCO3是燃烧过程中影响PM2.5生成的重要因素.添加CaCO3后,生成PM1的数密度和质量浓度均降低,而PM1-2.5的数密度和质量浓度均略有增加,PM2.5粒径分布均呈双峰分布,峰值点分别出现在0.2,μm和2.0,μm左右.随着CaCO3添加质量分数的增加,PM2.5中的S、Pb、Cu、Na和K几种元素的浓度呈下降趋势.     

小型CO_2热泵系统用气体冷却器仿真研究

CO_2气体冷却器的结构和换热效果对CO_2跨临界循环影响较大.为设计出高效的气体冷却器,有必要对其性能进行模拟和优化.采用有限单元法建立了小型CO_2热泵热水器中气体冷却器稳态分布参数模型,分别对其CO_2侧和水侧的流动与换热进行了数值仿真,运用该模型分别针对CO_2侧进口压力对气体冷却器设计管长和CO_2换热性能的影响进行了分析.结果表明,CO_2侧进口压力在8~12 MPa时,从8 MPa开始每递增1 MPa,换热系数峰值比压力增加1 MPa前的依次递减约57.14%、33.33%、25.00%、9.83%,设计管长比压力增加1 MPa前的依次递减约55.60%、18.75%、11.33%、9.09%.综合考虑管道耗材与CO_2换热能力,针对小型CO_2热泵系统,气体冷却器CO_2侧进口压力取8.5~10 MPa较合理.研究可为气体冷却器设计提供理论指导.     

Influence of multiple oxide (Cr2O3/Nb2O5) addition on the sorption kinetics of MgH2

The influence of multiple additions of two oxides, Cr₂O₃ and Nb₂O₅, as additives on the hydrogen sorption kinetics of MgH₂ after milling was investigated. We found that the desorption kinetics of MgH₂ were improved more by multiple oxide addition than by single addition. Even for the milled MgH₂ micrometric size powders, the high hydrogen capacity with fast kinetics were achieved for the powders after addition of 0.2 mol% Cr₂O₃ + 1 mol% Nb₂O₅. For this composition, the hydride desorbed about 5 wt.% hydrogen within 20 min and absorbed about 6 wt.% in 5 min at 300 °C. Furthermore, the desorption temperature was decreased by 100 °C, compared to MgH₂ without any oxide addition, and the activation energy for the hydrogen desorption was estimated to be about 185 kJ mol⁻¹, while that for MgH₂ without oxide was about 206 kJ mol⁻¹.     

Structural,electronic, dynamical and thermodynamic properties of Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 and Sr10(PO4)6(OH)2: First-principles study

Density functional theory (DFT) with optPBE-vdW functional is used to simulate the structural, electronic, dynamical and thermodynamic properties of Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂(Ca-HA) and Sr₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂(Sr-HA). The calculated structural properties within optPBE-vdW functional is found to yield better agreement with the experimental results, which indirectly suggests the important role of weak hydrogen bond in this crystal. The calculated electronic properties indicate that Ca-HA and Sr-HA are insulator materials with indirect band gap of 5.52 eV and 5.10 eV, respectively. The detailed dynamical properties of two apatites are obtained by the linear-response approach. With replacement of Ca by Sr, the librational mode of OH group decreases from 612 cm^?1 to 569 cm^?1, the stretching mode of OH group increases from 3614.5 cm^?1–3649.9 cm^?1, which is consistent with the experimental results. Finally, some phonon related thermodynamic properties, such as Helmholtz free energy F, internal energy E, entropy S and heat capacity C_V of Sr-HA and Ca-HA are studied according to the phonon calculations within the harmonic approximation. The present calculation results of two apatites with optPBE-vdW functional are in good agreement with the existing experimental.     

Influence of In2S3 film properties on the behavior of CuInS2/In2S3/ZnO type solar cells

Solar cells of CuInS₂/In₂S₃/ZnO type are studied as a function of the In₂S₃ buffer deposition conditions. In₂S₃ is deposited from an aqueous solution containing thioacetamide (TA), as sulfur precursor and In³⁺. In parallel, variable amounts of In₂O₃ are deposited that have an important influence on the buffer layer behavior. Starting from deposition conditions determined in a preliminary study, a set of parameters is chosen to be most determining for the buffer layer behavior, namely the solution temperature, the concentration of thioacetamide [TA], and the buffer thickness. The solar cell results are discussed in relation with these parameters. Higher efficiency is attained with buffer deposited at high temperature (70 °C) and [TA] (0.3 M). These conditions are characterized by short induction time, high deposition rate and low In₂O₃ content in the buffer. On the other hand, the film deposited at lower temperature has higher In₂O₃ content, and gives solar cell efficiency sharply decreasing with buffer thickness. This buffer type may attain higher conversion efficiencies if deposited on full covering very thin film.