壳聚糖衍生物的结构表征和应用性能

将相对分子质量为4 0×105的壳聚糖在酸催化下用H2O2氧化降解,得到相对分子质量分别为1 1×105、7 2×104、3 4×104的壳聚糖。相同实验条件下,以这4种不同相对分子质量的壳聚糖为原料,在碱性条件下先后分别与环氧丙烷和十二烷基缩水甘油醚反应,制得系列含亲水基和亲油基的两亲性非离子型壳聚糖表面活性剂———(2-羟基-3-十二烷氧基)丙基-羟丙基壳聚糖(HDP-HPCHS)。通过红外吸收光谱对其进行了结构表征,并测定了其吸湿保湿性和表面活性。结果表明:HDP-HPCHS的分子结构、吸湿保湿性及表面活性均随相对分子质量的改变呈规律性变化。     

十四烷基羟丙基磷酸酯甜菜碱的泡沫特性

以某油藏的温度、水质条件作为实验条件,以最大起泡体积作为起泡性能指标,以半衰期作为泡沫稳定性的指标,研究了十四烷基羟丙基磷酸酯甜菜碱的泡沫特性。结果表明,实验条件下十四烷基羟丙基磷酸酯甜菜碱的临界胶束浓度为1 200 mg/L;其水溶液起泡能力达到640 m L,半衰期5 014 s;在低于临界胶束浓度时,十四烷基羟丙基磷酸酯甜菜碱的质量浓度越高泡沫越稳定,超过临界胶束浓度后因胶束的形成,泡沫稳定性略有下降。界面黏弹模量可以在一定程度上反映泡沫的稳定性,其值越低泡沫越稳定。     

十四烷基羟丙基磷酸酯甜菜碱的泡沫特性

以某油藏的温度、水质条件作为实验条件,以最大起泡体积作为起泡性能指标,以半衰期作为泡沫稳定性的指标,研究了十四烷基羟丙基磷酸酯甜菜碱的泡沫特性。结果表明,实验条件下十四烷基羟丙基磷酸酯甜菜碱的临界胶束浓度为1 200 mg/L;其水溶液起泡能力达到640 m L,半衰期5 014 s;在低于临界胶束浓度时,十四烷基羟丙基磷酸酯甜菜碱的质量浓度越高泡沫越稳定,超过临界胶束浓度后因胶束的形成,泡沫稳定性略有下降。界面黏弹模量可以在一定程度上反映泡沫的稳定性,其值越低泡沫越稳定。     

两性离子型起泡剂的性能评价研究

以3种两性离子型泡排剂椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱、椰油酰胺丙基氧化胺和十二烷基二甲基氧化铵为研究对象,对其泡沫性能进行了评价研究。结果表明:两性离子型起泡剂浓度增加,起泡能力有所增强,稳泡能力下降;温度升高,两性离子型起泡剂起泡性能有所增强,稳泡性能随着温度升高逐渐下降;椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱的耐温性能优于椰油酰胺丙基氧化胺和十二烷基二甲基氧化铵;聚乙二醇作为稳泡剂性能优于十二醇和三乙醇胺;随着Na Cl和Ca Cl2浓度提高,起泡剂起泡性能和稳泡性能下降,椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱和椰油酰胺丙基氧化胺"内盐"结构比十二烷基二甲基氧化铵"内盐"结构更为稳定。综合评价椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱性能较好。     

高分子和盐对3-十二烷氧基-2-羟丙基三甲基溴化铵泡沫性能的影响

测定了3-十二烷氧基-2-羟丙基三甲基溴化铵(C12TAB)在PVP、PEG和溴化钠存在下的泡沫性能。结果表明：含量相同时，C12TAB／NaBr混合体系的起泡性能高于C12TAB／高分子体系，而稳泡性能低于后者。含量相同的C12TAB／高分子体系，PVP对C12TAB的影响好于PEG。     

烷基糖苷季铵盐表面活性剂复配性能研究

将丁基葡萄糖苷、辛基葡萄糖苷分别与3-氯-2羟基丙基二甲基十二烷基铵盐、3-氯-2羟基丙基二甲基十六烷基铵盐按照摩尔比为1∶1,1∶0.5和1∶0.1进行复配,并测定复配体系的表面张力、临界胶束浓度(cmc)、亲水亲油平衡值(HLB)、泡沫性能、去污性能及乳化性能。结果表明,辛基葡萄糖苷羟基丙基二甲基十二烷基铵盐酸盐类型样品和阴离子表面活性剂复配后性能良好;HLB值显示丁基葡糖苷羟基丙基二甲基十二烷基铵盐酸盐样品的表面活性和亲水性较好;当丁基葡萄糖苷和辛基葡萄糖苷质量分数为80%时,丁基葡萄糖苷羟基丙基二甲基十六烷基铵盐酸盐泡沫性能、乳化性能和稳定性均较佳;丁基葡萄糖苷羟基丙基二甲基十六烷基铵盐酸盐复配体系对碳黑污布和蛋白污布去污效果较好。     

3—十二烷氧基—2—羟基丙基三甲基氯化铵的合成及表面性能研究

本文以月桂醇为原料合成了含羟丙基的新型阳离子表面活性剂３－十二烷氧基－２－羟基丙基三甲基氯化铵。测定了该产品的表面张力，研究了温度、氯化钠对其表面性能的影响。     

R_(12)TAC-SDS混合溶液的表面张力和泡沫性能

测定了 3 十二烷氧基 2 羟丙基三甲基氯化铵 (R12 TAC)和十二烷基硫酸钠 (SDS)复配体系的表面张力和泡沫性能。实验表明 ,复配体系的CMC及γCMC均低于单一组分。当R12 TAC和SDS以等量比复配时 ,体系表现出良好的泡沫性能。其中起泡性参数Cs为 1.99mmol/L ,Rmv 为0 86 ,稳泡性参数Ct为 2 .5 0mmol/L ,t1/ 2 m 为 91.5s。对相互作用参数的计算表明 ,该复配体系具有强烈的增效作用     

聚乙二醇对十二胺泡沫稳定性的影响

选用十二胺为阳离子捕收剂、聚乙二醇为表面活性剂,考察不同质量浓度、不同pH值、不同相对分子质量、不同比例聚乙二醇∶十二胺及A350∶(十二胺+聚乙二醇)复配药剂的起泡性能。结果表明:随着十二胺质量浓度的增大,泡沫高度和半衰期呈现先增大后稳定的趋势;随着聚乙二醇质量浓度的增大,泡沫高度和半衰期呈现稳定升高的趋势;聚乙二醇相对分子质量过低或过高会导致其起泡性能和稳定性变差,相对分子质量中等的PEG600、PEG800、PEG1000的起泡性能和稳定性较好,它们的加入对十二胺的起泡性能和稳定性有促进作用,可以减少十二胺的用量;A350的加入可以提高十二胺与聚乙二醇的起泡性能,泡沫稳定性无明显变化。     

脱氢松香基甜菜碱两性表面活性剂合成与表征

以脱氢枞酸为原料,经3-松香酰氧-2-羟丙基氯及叔胺中间体,合成N-(3-去氢枞酰氧基-2-羟基)丙基-N,N-二甲基(2-羟基)磷酸酯甜菜碱,并分析了产物及与十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)的复配体系的表面活性.结果表明其临界胶束浓度(CMC)为1.34 mmol/L,此时表面张力为38.69 mN/m.泡沫力为280 mm,泡沫能力稳定,产物乳化力较强.产物与SDS复配后,其界面活性产生较强烈的增效作用,两者摩尔比为1:1时增效作用最显著.     

低窄壳糖两亲分子的合成及表面活性

以窄的相对分子质量(简称分子量,下同)分布的低聚壳聚糖(简称为低窄壳糖;LNCS20,聚合度DP=20;分子量分布指数M w/M n=1.20)为原料,制备了两亲性衍生物N-琥珀酰化-N'-癸烷基低窄壳糖(SDLNCS20)。通过FTIR和1HNMR对SDLNCS20结构进行了表征,并对其溶解性、乳化性和润湿性能进行了测试,通过表面张力和荧光光谱法对其表面活性和临界胶束浓度(CMC)进行了研究。结果表明,LNCS20氨基位上成功引入了亲水性琥珀酸酐残基和亲油性长链烷基,SDLNCS20的CMC值为0.355 g/L,对应的表面张力为30.01 mN/m,具有良好的水溶性和乳化性能。     

Comparative Study of Effect of Surfactant-Polymer Interactions on Properties of Alkyl Polyglucosides and Alpha Olefin Sulphonate

The properties of Alpha Olefin Sulphonate (AOS) and Alkyl polyglucosides (APG) were studied in the presence and absence of nonionic polymers such as polyethylene glycol, poly vinyl pyrrolidone and methyl cellulose and hydroxy propyl cellulose. Properties like surface tension, foaming, viscosity and emulsification were studied at a constant concentration of polymer (0.1%) and varying concentrations of surfactant. It was found that at low surfactant concentrations there is an association between surfactant and polymer at the liquid/air surface in the case of an anionic surfactant and a nonionic polymer, which is not seen in the case of nonionic surfactants and nonionic polymers. A nonionic polymer reduces the surface tension of AOS by forming a surfactant-polymer complex which in turn increases the foamability, emulsifying property and viscosity of solution. APG does not show any effect on its surface tension in the presence of nonionic polymers but its foamability and emulsifying properties are improved. Reduction in surface tension is not the only reason behind increased foamability in the presence of the polymer. Higher molecular weight polymers give a rich, creamy foam because of increased viscosity in the surfactant solution as compared to lower molecular weight polymers.     

Preparation and functional evaluation of chitosan‐EGCG conjugates

Chitosan, as a novel food additive, is proposed to conjugate with EGCG using a free radical grafting procedure. Chitosan is activated by hydroxyl free radicals produced by the redox reaction of hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid and subsequently react with EGCG. Chitosan‐EGCG conjugate has demonstrated by UV, FTIR, and ¹H‐NMR spectroscopy and exhibits a dramatical increase in DPPH free radical scavenging activity. In addition, the LC (low‐molecular‐weight chitosan)‐EGCG conjugate is used to prepare O/W emulsion and then monitor the average droplet size, polydispersity index, zeta‐potential and transmission changes during centrifuge process, results show that the conjugate exhibited excellent emulsifying activity and superior emulsifying stability as compared with chitosan. Therefore, LC‐EGCG conjugate could be used as an efficient natural food antioxidant and emulsifier. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 39732.     

咪唑啉基季铵盐型双子表面活性剂的合成与性能

以环氧氯丙烷为连接剂,油酸、二乙烯三胺分别为疏水和亲水基团的初始原料合成了一种咪唑啉基季铵盐型双子表面活性剂,通过IR1、HNMR确证了目标产物结构。研究了其在水溶液中对苯的乳化力、稳泡能力、亲水亲油平衡值、表面张力的影响。动态激光散射法测试了双子咪唑啉基季铵盐乳化制备O/W型乳状液的乳胶粒径尺寸,利用双子表面活性剂作为乳化剂,油酸为分散相。静态失重法评价了双子表面活性剂作为缓蚀剂对Q235钢在质量分数8%溶液中的缓蚀性能。结果表明,所合成的双子咪唑啉基季铵盐具有较好的表面活性,临界胶束浓度CMC约为2×10-4mol/L,γCMC为31.40 mN/m,HLB值为14.2,对苯的乳化能力及稳泡性能良好。该乳液稳定,在25~50℃时,O/W乳液的胶粒尺寸在216~236 nm,是一种性能良好的O/W型乳化剂。失重法测定结果表明,该双子咪唑啉基季铵盐型表面活性剂缓蚀性能优于相应单链咪唑啉季铵盐表面活性剂。     

阻燃剂分子量对聚氨酯软泡中阻燃剂迁移行为的影响

研究阻燃剂分子量对聚氨酯软泡中阻燃剂迁移行为的影响.试验结果表明:1)在常温、反复压缩变形下.聚氨酯软泡中各分子量的阻燃剂基本无迁移;2)在烘烤条件下,阻燃剂分子量越大,阻燃剂迁移速度越小;在烘烤温度恒定时,烘烤时间和阻燃剂残余量之问都存在幂函数关系且相关性好,幂函数的系数和幂指数与阻燃剂的分子量大小有关,随着阻燃剂分子量的增大,软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料内部阻燃剂向表面迁移逐渐困难;3)在烘烤、反复压缩变形的综合因素影响下,各分子量的阻燃剂迁移情况与条件2类似.说明温度对阻燃剂迁移的影响至关重要.     

N-硬脂酰胺磺基琥珀酸单酯二钠盐的性能研究

对自制的N-硬脂酰胺磺基琥珀酸单酯二钠盐(DSS)的物化性能进行了研究。实验结果表明,其cmc为121.60 mg·L-1,γcmc为44.15 mN·m-1;乳化力适中;泡沫细腻丰富,其发泡力和泡沫稳定性较好,适合作发泡剂和稳泡剂。对DSS进行了复配研究,优选出较佳配方并和同类产品的泡沫性能进行了对比,实验表明在30 s时的泡沫体积是同类产品的1.43倍,在30 min时的泡沫体积是同类产品的1.92倍,表明此产品具有优良的泡沫性能。显示其在工业领域具有一定的实际应用价值。     

淀粉苯乙烯接枝高分子表面活性剂的性质研究

采用淀粉和苯乙烯合成了淀粉苯乙烯接枝共聚物,研究了它们的表面活性性质与分子量和接枝量之间关系。结果表明淀粉苯乙烯接枝共聚物的起泡性和乳化力随产物分子量的增加而有所降低,泡沫稳定性和乳化稳定性与分子量和接枝量之间的关系较为复杂。     

壳聚糖表面活性剂的制备及其表面性能

以壳聚糖为原料制备系列O-羟丙基-N-烷基化壳聚糖表面活性剂Cn-HPCS。通过IR和1HNMR对Cn-HPCS的结构进行表征;通过测定其表面张力(γ),临界胶束浓度(cmc),HLB值和泡沫性能等对其表面性能进行评价。结果表明,Cn-HPCS的cmc为0.016～0.05 mmol/L,HLB值为5.33～13.89,并具有良好的泡沫性能且乳化性能优于Tween 60。     

Effect of sonolysis on kinetics and physicochemical properties of treated chitosan

Low molecular weight chitosan with weight‐average molecular weight from 161 to 22,000Da were obtained by sonolysis. Optimal conditions for sonolysis were described. The influence of sonolysis condition and the molecular parameters of initial chitosan on the degradation rate and degradation rate constant were investigated in detail. Weight‐average molecular weight (M_w) and molecular weight dispersion (M_w/M_n) of samples were measured by gel permeation chromatography. The structure of degraded chitosan were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, X‐ray diffraction, and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. For a given sonolysis time, the decrease in molecular weight has been found to be greatest at lowest reaction temperature and lowest chitosan concentration. Molecular weight of samples decreased exponentially with increasing sonication time at early stages. The action mode of ultrasound on the splitting of molecular chain of chitosan has been discussed. The degree of deacetylation of the main hydrolysis products almost unchanged compared with the initial chitosan. The decrease of molecular weight led to transformation of crystal structure but the chemical structures of residues were not modified. Ultrasonic treatment on chitosan is an alternative, safe method to prepare chitosan having different molecular weights, which are more suitable for biomedical and food applications. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Grafting reaction of living polymer cations with amino groups on chitosan powder

The grafting of polymers having controlled molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distribution onto chitosan powder by the termination of living polymer cation with amino groups on chitosan powder was investigated in heterogeneous system. The amino groups of chitosan powder successfully reacted with living poly(isobutyl vinyl ether) [poly(IBVE)] and poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) [poly(MeOZO)] cation with controlled molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distribution to give the corresponding polymer-grafted chitosan powders. The percentage of poly(MeOZO) grafting gradually increased and reached 24.5% after 4 days. The solubility of poly(MeOZO)-grafted chitosan in water increased with an increase in the amount of grafted polymer. It was suggested that grafting reaction of living polymer cation with chitosan powder proceeds from surface amino groups to inner amino groups of the powder with progress of the reaction. The mole number of grafted polymer chain on chitosan powder decreased with an increase in the molecular weight of the living polymer cation because the steric hindrance of functional groups of chitosan powder increased with the increasing molecular weight of living polymer. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 68: 1883–1889, 1998