7050铝合金的TTP曲线

通过分级淬火方法获得7050铝合金的时间-温度-性能(TTP)曲线.结果表明:合金TTP曲线的鼻尖温度为330 ℃,淬火敏感温度区间为240～420 ℃;等温保温时,过饱和固溶体分解析出第二相粒子,在330 ℃附近,第二相(主要为η平衡相)的析出速率达到最高;随着时间的延长,晶内η相数量增加、尺寸变大,时效后粒子周围出现无沉淀析出区,导致强化效果显著降低;晶界处η相粒子粗化,由不连续分布形貌转变为连续分布形貌,无沉淀析出带宽化;鼻尖温度的高相变驱动力和较快的扩散速率是η相析出和长大的主要原因,建议在淬火敏感区间应加快淬火冷却速率避免平衡相的析出,而高于淬火敏感区间温度时可适当降低冷却速率减小热应力的影响.     

2219铝合金的淬火敏感性北大核心CSCD

通过分级淬火方法测定了2219铝合金的时间-温度-性能（TTP）曲线。结果表明：合金TTP曲线的鼻尖温度为440℃,淬火敏感温度区间为300-480℃;等温保温时,过饱和固溶体分解析出相粒子,在440℃附近,析出相（主要为θ平衡相）的析出速率达到最高;随着时间的延长,晶内θ平衡相数量增加、尺寸变大,经时效后晶内析出相θ＇不均匀分布,导致强化效果显著降低,晶内出现无沉淀析出区;鼻尖温度的高相变驱动力和较快的扩散速率是θ相析出和长大的主要原因,建议在淬火敏感区间应加快淬火冷却速率避免平衡相的析出,而高于淬火敏感区间温度时可适当降低冷却速率减小热应力的影响。     

2219铝合金的淬火敏感性

通过分级淬火方法测定了2219铝合金的时间-温度-性能(TTP)曲线。结果表明:合金TTP曲线的鼻尖温度为440℃,淬火敏感温度区间为300~480℃;等温保温时,过饱和固溶体分解析出相粒子,在440℃附近,析出相(主要为θ平衡相)的析出速率达到最高;随着时间的延长,晶内θ平衡相数量增加、尺寸变大,经时效后晶内析出相θ'不均匀分布,导致强化效果显著降低,晶内出现无沉淀析出区;鼻尖温度的高相变驱动力和较快的扩散速率是θ相析出和长大的主要原因,建议在淬火敏感区间应加快淬火冷却速率避免平衡相的析出,而高于淬火敏感区间温度时可适当降低冷却速率减小热应力的影响。     

7003铝合金的淬火敏感性

采用分级淬火的实验方法,结合合金淬火态电导率和时效态硬度的测试拟合得到7003铝合金的时间-温度-转化率(TTT)曲线和时间-温度-性能(TTP)曲线,利用透射电镜(TEM)并结合Avrami方程研究了7003铝合金在等温过程中的组织变化。结果表明:当7003铝合金在相同温度下等温时,随保温时间延长,淬火态电导率呈上升趋势,时效态硬度呈下降趋势。透射电镜分析发现,在鼻温附近随保温时间的延长,晶粒内部析出相尺寸和间距变大,晶界析出相尺寸和间距变小,晶界无沉淀析出带变宽。实验用7003铝合金"C"曲线的鼻尖温度约为280℃,其孕育期约为10 s,淬火敏感温度区间较小,仅在鼻温附近淬火敏感性较高,而低温区和高温区淬火敏感性较低。实验用7003铝合金在线淬火时在鼻温附近应该以大于4℃/s的速度冷却,以抑制各种物相的析出。     

6351铝合金的淬火敏感性

采用分级淬火的实验方法,结合合金时效态硬度和淬火态电导率的测试拟合得到6351合金的TTP和TTT曲线,并采用透射电镜对6351合金的淬火敏感性进行研究.结果表明,当6351合金在相同温度下等温时,随着保温时间延长,淬火态电导率呈上升趋势,时效态硬度呈下降趋势.透射电镜分析发现,在等温初期,过饱和固溶体分解形成针状的β”相;随着保温时间延长,逐渐形成棒状β'相和片状β相.TTT和TTP曲线的鼻温为360℃,淬火敏感温度区间为230～430℃.在鼻温附近等温相转变最快,低温区相转变次之,高温区最慢.淬火因子分析结果表明,要获得最佳的力学性能,淬火敏感温度区间的冷却速率需大于15℃/s.     

超高强Cu-6.5Ni-1Al-1Si-0.15Mg-0.15Ce合金的淬火敏感性

通过等温淬火方法获得Cu-6.5Ni-1Al-1Si-0.15Mg-0.15Ce合金的TTP曲线。采用硬度、电导率测试和透射电镜(TEM)观察等方法研究了等温温度和等温时间对合金性能和显微组织的影响。结果表明:合金TTP曲线的鼻尖温度约为675℃,淬火敏感区域为625~725℃;合金在650℃附近进行等温处理,δ-Ni2Si和共格的Ni3Al析出相的形核率和长大速率均很高;随着等温时间的延长,晶内析出的δ-Ni2Si和Ni3Al急剧粗化,同时,晶界处发生δ-Ni2Si的不连续析出,并形成无衬度析出带,导致合金经等温时效处理后硬度急剧下降,并且在鼻尖区具有很高的淬火敏感性。     

1933铝合金锻件的TTP曲线

利用分级淬火的方法测定了1933铝合金锻件硬度及电导率的时间—温度—性能(time-temperature-property,TTP)曲线。结果表明,TTP曲线呈"C"形,淬火敏感区间为265～355℃(200 s内硬度值下降10%),TTP曲线的"鼻尖"温度大约在310℃,在此温度下,硬度下降10%的临界时间为100 s。微观组织观察表明,在敏感区间内,平衡相η在晶界及Al3 Zr与基体的界面上优先形核析出,并快速长大,导致合金过饱和度的下降,降低了时效强化的效果。与目前公布的其他Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系合金的TTP曲线对比,1933铝合金的"鼻尖"温度低,临界时间长,淬火敏感区间窄,因此淬火敏感性较低。     

Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金的淬火敏感性

采用分级淬火试验方法,结合对合金峰时效态硬度、淬火态电导率的测试,拟合得到新型Al-7.5Zn-1.7Mg-1.4Cu-0.12Zr合金的温度—时间—性能(TTP)曲线,并与传统的7B04和7150合金进行比较。结果表明:新型合金的TTP曲线鼻温大约在290℃,其孕育期约为4.5 s,与同等条件下制备的7150合金(320℃,2.6 s)和7B04合金(335℃,0.1 s)相比,其TTP曲线的鼻温最低,对应的孕育期最长,反映出新型合金过饱和固溶体的稳定性最高,具有最低的淬火敏感性。进一步的TEM分析表明,随着鼻温附近保温处理时间的延长,合金内部的淬火脱溶析出现象不断加剧。淬火诱导脱溶η相优先在(亚)晶界上形核析出,在晶内依附于已存在的Al3Zr弥散相粒子形核析出;时效后,在这些粗大η相周围形成一定宽度的无沉淀析出带。合金的成分及组织形态影响和决定着合金的淬火敏感性;新型合金淬火可以适当降低冷却速度以减小残余应力。     

超高强导电Cu-Ni-Si-Al合金的TTP曲线

设计并制备一种超高强导电Cu-6.0Ni-1.0Si-0.5Al-0.15Mg-0.1Cr(质量分数,%)合金。通过测量合金的硬度,分析经固溶处理并分别经600~850℃等温处理后再在450℃时效处理1 h的合金力学性能的变化规律,建立合金的时间-温度-性能(TTP)曲线。通过透射电镜观察,研究合金在等温处理过程中的第二相的析出规律。结果表明:合金的鼻尖温度约为725℃,淬火敏感区域为675~775℃。合金在淬火敏感区进行等温处理时,晶内析出的δ-Ni_2Si和Ni_3Al迅速形核和长大;延长等温时间,析出相粗化,合金的硬度随之降低。合金在鼻尖温度附近表现出高的淬火敏感性。     

7055铝合金的TTP曲线及其应用

采用分级淬火的方法测定了7055铝合金的温度—时间—性能(TTP)曲线,并结合合金实际淬火冷却曲线通过淬火因子分析方法预测了合金的硬度。结果表明,合金TTP曲线的“鼻尖”温度大约为355℃,淬火敏感温度区间为210~420℃。淬火因子分析方法预测的合金硬度值和实测值吻合较好,淬火敏感温度区间的冷却速率对合金硬度有决定性影响。根据理论计算认为,要获得最大硬度,淬火敏感温度区间的平均冷却速率需大于500℃/s。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.