成年男性精液中19种元素含量的测定及影响因素研究

运用ICP-MS和ICP-AES方法同时分析丹东某硼矿周围工人组及对照组精液中19种元素的含量水平。样品经过双氧水-纯化硝酸体系消解,采用稀释分析及双内标铑(Rh)和铼(Re)进行校正。该法最低检出限、加标回收率及分析精密度能满足精液样品的分析要求。按照95%置信区间进行数据筛选,选出118人的数据统计分析成年男性精液中元素含量水平,并与国内其它研究结果进行比较。分析精液元素含量影响因素表明,硼(B)作业暴露对精液中的B含量具有显著影响;吸烟能显著影响精液中的Cd含量;饮酒对工人组精液中的Cu和Mn的含量具有显著影响。     

X射线荧光光谱法测定废塑料表面涂层中8种元素的含量

采用X射线荧光光谱法测定废塑料表面涂层中8种元素的含量。考察了样品杯、基材以及金属涂层中元素效应对检测结果的影响。P、Si、Fe、Pb、Al、Cu、Cr和Ni的测定范围在0.002%~52.0%之间,检出限在0.000 2%~0.000 8%之间。采用本方法测定废塑料样品表面涂层中元素含量,结果与ICP-AES测定结果一致,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)小于1%。     

旋转盘电极原子发射光谱测定渣油中微量元素

采用旋转盘电极原子发射光谱测定船用渣油中铝、硅、钒、镍、铁、钠、钙、锌等元素含量。考察了粘度、颗粒对检测结果的影响,并用标油和3种不同渣油样品对试验方法进行了验证,结果表明:各元素检出限在0.12~2.86 mg/kg之间;回收率在96.1%~106.6%之间;相对标准偏差1.1%~4.5%。该方法检测结果与传统灰化-熔融法(IP501)结果一致,可应用于船用渣油的质量控制。     

ICP–AES法测定铬镍不锈钢中锰、铬、镍、硅、磷、铜、钼的含量

建立电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP–AES)法测定铬镍不锈钢中锰、铬、镍、硅、磷、铜、钼7种元素含量的方法。试样用盐酸与硝酸混合酸溶液溶解,采用溶解国家标准样品的方法制备校准曲线溶液,确定了元素最佳分析谱线。各元素的含量在其测试范围内与原子发射强度呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数不小于0.999,7种元素的检出限在0.000 3%~0.003 0%之间。该方法应用于铬镍不锈钢标准样品的测定,测定值与认定值相符,测定值的相对标准偏差在0.12%~1.15%之间(n=8)。应用于铬镍不锈钢样品测定时,加标回收率在90%~110%之间。该方法操作简便、迅速,可满足日常铬镍不锈钢中多元素含量的检测需要。     

微波消解-ICP-AES法同时测定绞股蓝中4种微量元素

采用微波消解法,以HNO3-H2O2对样品进行处理,用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)同时测定了绞股蓝中的铁、锰、铜、锌4种微量元素。结果表明,所测样品中的元素含量按铁、锰、锌、铜顺序递减,各元素测定结果的相对标准偏差在1.0%~3.8%之间,回收率在88%~97%之间。方法简单,有实用意义。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定铜冶炼渣尾矿中银及铂族元素的含量北大核心CSCD

样品(0.400 0 g)置于50 mL样品管中,加入盐酸-硝酸-水(3+1+4)混合液10 mL,饱和氟化氢铵溶液1.0 mL,经石墨消解仪斜坡升温进行消解。消解液冷却10 min,用水定容至50 mL。分取10.0 mL,用水稀释至20 mL,所得溶液采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定其中银及铂族元素(钌、铑、钯、铱、铂、金)的含量。以标准加入法补偿基体效应制作标准曲线。在质谱分析中采用标准模式。7种元素的检出限(3s)在0.01~0.80μg·L^(-1)之间。按标准加入法进行回收试验,回收率在94.0%~105%之间,相对标准偏差(n=11)在0.70%~2.1%之间。按上述方法分析铜冶炼渣尾矿样品,结果与石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定结果基本一致。     

电感耦合等离子体–原子发射光谱法同时测定铝合金中9种元素

建立电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱同时测定铝合金中9种元素含量的方法。铝合金样品采用碱溶法预处理,以质量分数为40%的氢氧化钠溶液溶解,再用盐酸-硝酸混合酸酸化,然后用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定样品中铁、硅、铜、镁、锰、锌、钛、镍、铬9种元素的含量。各元素的含量与对应的发射强度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数不小于0.9990;各元素检出限为0.0001%~0.0012%。应用该方法测定2个铝合金标准样品,测定结果与标示值一致,相对标准偏差为0.46%~2.14%(n=8)。将该法应用于试样测定时,加标回收率为92%~106%。该方法精密度和准确度高,操作简便、快速,适用于实验室铝合金多元素含量的检测。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定铜冶炼渣尾矿中银及铂族元素的含量

样品(0.400 0 g)置于50 mL样品管中,加入盐酸-硝酸-水(3+1+4)混合液10 mL,饱和氟化氢铵溶液1.0 mL,经石墨消解仪斜坡升温进行消解。消解液冷却10 min,用水定容至50 mL。分取10.0 mL,用水稀释至20 mL,所得溶液采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定其中银及铂族元素(钌、铑、钯、铱、铂、金)的含量。以标准加入法补偿基体效应制作标准曲线。在质谱分析中采用标准模式。7种元素的检出限(3s)在0.01~0.80μg·L~(-1)之间。按标准加入法进行回收试验,回收率在94.0%~105%之间,相对标准偏差(n=11)在0.70%~2.1%之间。按上述方法分析铜冶炼渣尾矿样品,结果与石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定结果基本一致。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定大气颗粒物中的12种重金属元素含量

采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定大气颗粒物中12种重金属元素的含量。用石英滤膜收集大气颗粒物中的12种重金属元素,分别采用电热板和微波消解法处理样膜。电热板消解时,12种重金属元素的检出限在0.001~0.07 mg·L~(-1)之间,测定下限在0.004~0.28mg·L~(-1)之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.78%~5.8%之间。微波消解时,12种重金属元素的检出限在0.001~0.05mg·L~(-1)之间,测定下限在0.004~0.20mg·L~(-1)之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.46%~4.5%之间。应用该方法分析了标准样品,所得测定值与认定值相符。     

微波消解-ICP-AES法测定回汉族人群血清中的微量元素

本文测定了宁夏农村地区回汉族人群血清中Li、Co、Cd、Ga、Ba、Sr、Cu、Zn、Fe、Al、Se、Sn、B、Mn、Cr、Ni、Pb、Ca、K、Mg、Na、P、S的含量。采用微波消解对样品进行了前处理,使用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)进行测定。该方法的RSD≤3.5%,样品加标回收率为90%~117%。该法简便、快速、灵敏、准确,可用于血清中多种元素含量的同时测定。研究结果表明,K、Fe、Cu、Mn、Ni、Ga、Al、Se、Pb、S、Cd、Cr、Sr、Ca这14种元素含量在回族和汉族之间存在着显著性差异(P0.05),探讨了产生上述差异的原因。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.