基于ADO.NET数据库系统的并发控制协议设计与测试

在数据库系统中,数据访问技术从连接模型发展到断开连接模型。在断开连接数据访问模型下,如何进行并发控制,保持数据库一致性,同时提高系统的运行效率,很少有相关的文献进行研究。断开连接访问模型技术自身的优点为有别于传统严格一致的可串行化并发控制协议提供了必要性和可能性。通过剖析断开连接数据访问模型ADO.NET基础上,提出了一种基于时间戳验证的两阶段封锁多版本并发控制协议。该协议解决了在断开连接访问模型下网络数据库系统的并发访问异常,保证了数据的一致性,提高了系统的性能和并发度。最后设计了测试系统,对该协议的性能进行了测试,并与其它协议进行了比较,分析了实验结果,结果表明该协议性能良好。     

基于全局时标的网格事务并发机制研究

针对现有网格数据库事务并发控制协议存在的问题,提出了一种基于全局时标的网格事务并发控制协议。该协议引入全时序的概念,将网格事务在全局层面上进行了排序,实现了网格事务并发执行的可串行化。通过网格事务可串行化定理对所提出的协议进行可串行化证明,并对协议及算法的性能进行了实验测试。实验结果表明,提出的协议是可行和有效的,相对于传统的基于时标的并发控制协议具有一定的优越性。     

XML数据库并发控制机制的研究

并发控制是改善数据库系统事务性能的最重要的机制,多用户事务并发问题在XML原型数据库领域是一个难点。通过一种类XPath数据模型,定义基于此模型的几种XML数据库操作。在此基础上,提出一种基于XPath的锁协议(XPL)以及锁模型,并验证在此锁协议机制下的调度是可串行性调度,从而实现了XML原型数据库的多用户事务并发控制。最后通过实验对XPL协议的并发性能进行测试和分析。     

CTMAC协议性能分析比较

介质访问控制协议在很大程度上决定了无线自组网的性能。本文在介绍CTMAC协议的基础上对该协议的并发规则进行了证明，并从理论上讨论了CTMAC协议的开销。通过模拟并与IEEE802．11和MACA-P比较表明，CTMAC协议可以有效地提高网络吞吐量。     

网格环境下的实时事务级并发控制协议

根据网格实时事务处理的特点,对可推测并发控制协议(SCC)进行改进,提出了一种网格环境下实时事务并发控制机制中的事务级控制协议(GSCC)。该协议通过扩充事务操作类型减少事务冲突;通过动态设置事务影子的最大数量,合理地利用系统资源;通过精简事务影子的数量来缩减系统开支;通过增设准提交阶段避免大量不必要的事务重启,提高了并发度。实验结果证明,GSCC协议是可行、正确的,在控制并发事务方面具有较好的性能,可满足事务实时性的需求。     

基于优先权顶的实时并发控制协议

为了提高实时数据库系统的事务并发度,论文通过对已有的并发控制协议及实时事务冲突关系进行详细的分析,利用优先权顶的方法解决了事务间的冲突问题,提出了基于优先权顶的实时事务并发控制协议—PCCR协议,该协议能有效减少事务的重启率,使事务的并发性得到改善,同时能保证事务调度的可串行性,最终提高了系统的性能。     

一种基于APR的高并发https网站解决方案

当前,越来越多网站采用https协议来保障用户的交易安全,然而采用https协议后,服务器的并发能力会严重下降,无法满足生产环境的需求。本文通过实验分析了SSL协商、证书长度、加密算法对https网站性能的影响,并给出基于APR的优化方案,通过实验对比,在不增加硬件的情况下,优化后服务器的并发能力提高了9.5倍,极大提高了现有https网站的并发处理能力,基本满足生产环境的要求。     

服务网格性能优化关键技术研究

服务网格(Service Mesh)是用于处理服务间通信的专用基础设施层.为了有效提升其性能,从并发处理模型和交互协议两个方面研究服务网格的性能优化方法,分别提出基于Reactor设计模式的服务网格高并发处理模型和面向服务网格的轻量级、自定义的代理交互协议,并实现一个服务网格原型系统.通过实验与当前主流的开源服务网格系统Linkerd和Envoy进行性能对比分析,实验结果表明该方法能够显著提升服务网格的并发处理性能,使实现的原型系统在并发处理和通信方面都有良好的性能表现.     

实时主动数据库有效性检查并发控制协议

在实时主动数据库中,事务不仅有时间约束,而且事务执行可能触发其它事务执行。传统并发控制协议不适应于实时主动数据库系统。该文研究了实时主动数据库事务执行模式,提出了有效性检查并发控制协议。协议使用动态调整串行次序策略,避免不必要的事务重启动。通过仿真模拟与HP2PL协议和OCC-TI-WAIT-50协议进行了比较。结果表明,该协议能有效地降低事务延误截止时间率和事务重启动率,性能优于HP2PL和OCC-TI-WAIT-50协议。     

多版本两阶段封锁并发控制协议性能研究

在并行实时数据库中，并发控制协议不仅要满足数据库一致性约束，而且要满足时间约束。本文提出了实时多版本两阶段封锁并发控制协议，它能有效地减少延误截止时间事务数量。作者通过仿真模拟，在共享磁盘体系结构下与HP2PL和OCC-TI-WAIT-50协议进行了比较。实验结果表明，该协议比HP2PL和OCC-TI-WAIT-50协议性能更好。     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.     

Editorial: Special issue on recent advances in hybrid control theory and applications

正The demands of a rapidly advancing technology for faster and more accurate controllers have always had a strong influence on the progress of automatic control theory.In recent years control problems have been arising with increasing frequency in widely different areas,which cannot be addressed using conventional control techniques.The principal reason for this is the fact that a highly competitive economy is forcing systems to operate in regimes where     

Information for Authors

正Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)areedited by the international board of distinguished Chinese andforeign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest devel-opments and achievements in scientific research in China andoverseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulateand promote academic exchange between Chinese and for-eign scientists everywhere.     

Enhancing a leaf radiative transfer model to estimate concentrations and in vivo specific absorption coefficients of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b from single-needle reflectance and transmittance

The relative concentrations of different pigments within a leaf have significant physiological and spectral consequences. Photosynthesis, light use efficiency, mass and energy exchange, and stress response are dependent on relationships among an ensemble of pigments. This ensemble also determines the visible characteristics of a leaf, which can be measured remotely and used to quantify leaf biochemistry and structure. But current remote sensing approaches are limited in their ability to resolve individual pigments. This paper focuses on the incorporation of three pigments—chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total carotenoids—into the LIBERTY leaf radiative transfer model to better understand relationships between leaf biochemical, biophysical, and spectral properties.Pinus ponderosa and Pinus jeffreyi needles were collected from three sites in the California Sierra Nevada. Hemispheric single-leaf visible reflectance and transmittance and concentrations of chlorophylls a and b and total carotenoids of fresh needles were measured. These data were input to the enhanced LIBERTY model to estimate optical and biochemical properties of pine needles. The enhanced model successfully estimated reflectance (RMSE = 0.0255, BIAS = 0.00477, RMS%E = 16.7%), had variable success estimating transmittance (RMSE = 0.0442, BIAS = 0.0294, RMS%E = 181%), and generated very good estimates of carotenoid concentrations (RMSE = 2.48 µg/cm², BIAS = 0.143 µg/cm², RMS%E = 20.4%), good estimates of chlorophyll a concentrations (RMSE = 10.7 µg/cm², BIAS = − 0.992 µg/cm², RMS%E = 21.1%), and fair estimates of chlorophyll b concentrations (RMSE = 7.49 µg/cm², BIAS = − 2.12 µg/cm², RMS%E = 43.7%). Overall root mean squared errors of reflectance, transmittance, and pigment concentration estimates were lower for the three-pigment model than for the single-pigment model. The algorithm to estimate three in vivo specific absorption coefficients is robust, although estimated values are distorted by inconsistencies in model biophysics. The capacity to invert the model from single-leaf reflectance and transmittance was added to the model so it could be coupled with vegetation canopy models to estimate canopy biochemistry from remotely sensed data.     

Mr. Twinn’s bombes

This article discusses the history and design of the special versions of the bombe key-finding machines used by Britain’s Government Code & Cypher School (GC&CS) during World War II to attack the Enigma traffic of the Abwehr (the German military intelligence service). These special bombes were based on the design of their more numerous counterparts used against the traffic of the German armed services, but differed from them in important ways that highlight the adaptability of the British bombe design, and the power and flexibility of the diagonal board. Also discussed are the changes in the Abwehr indicating system that drove the development of these machines, the ingenious ways in which they were used, and some related developments involving the bombes used by the U.S. Navy’s cryptanalytic unit (OP-20-G).