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1.
Palladium-catalyzed C-N bond formation has been utilized to synthesize covalent 2'-deoxyadenosine (dA) and 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) adducts of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) series 1 (syn) and benzo[c]phenanthrene (BcPh) series 2 (anti) diol epoxides. For this, (+/-)-10 alpha-amino-7 beta,8 alpha,9 beta-trisbenzoyloxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro BaP and (+/-)-1 beta-amino-2 alpha,3 alpha,4 beta-trisbenzoyloxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro BcPh were coupled with 6-halo-9-[3,5-bis-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl]purine and O6-benzyl-3',5'-bis-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-2-bromo-2'-deoxyinosine, using a (+/-)-BINAP-Pd complex and Cs2CO3. For the synthesis of the dA adducts, both the 6-chloro- as well as the 6-bromopurine nucleoside derivatives were analyzed for the C-N coupling reaction with the hydrocarbon amino tribenzoates. With the BaP amino tribenzoate, the 6-chloronucleoside provided satisfactory results, whereas the 6-bromo analogue proved to be superior with the BcPh amino tribenzoate. Overall, lower yields of the dA adducts were obtained with the more hindered fjord-region BcPh amino tribenzoate as compared to the bay-region BaP amino tribenzoate. In contrast to reactions leading to the dA adducts, the C-N reactions of both BaP and BcPh amino tribenzoates with the 2-bromo-2'-deoxyinosine derivative proceeded in comparable yields. This seems to indicate that such Pd-catalyzed adduct forming reactions at the C-6 position may be influenced by steric constraints of the amine component, whereas those at the C-2 position are less sensitive. Diastereomeric adduct pairs were separated and characterized by spectral methods and by comparisons to adducts produced by direct displacement reactions as well as those formed from DNA alkylation by diol epoxides.  相似文献   

2.
A diastereoselective synthesis of the nucleoside adducts corresponding to a cis ring-opening of the carcinogen (+/-)-7 beta, 8 alpha-dihydroxy-9 alpha,10 alpha-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BaP DE-2) by 2'-deoxyadenosine and 2'-deoxyguanosine is described. The key intermediate (+/-)-10alpha-amino-7beta,8alpha,9alpha-trihydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene was synthesized by a highly diastereoselective dihydroxylation wherein phenylboronic acid was a water surrogate. The resulting boronate ester was converted to a tetraol derivative in which two of the four hydroxyl groups (trans 7, 8) were protected as benzoate esters while the remaining two (cis 9, 10) were free. The cis glycol entity was then subjected to a reaction with 1-chlorocarbonyl-1-methylethylacetate to yield an intermediate chloro monoacetoxy dibenzoate. Displacement of the halide with azide, complete cleavage of the esters, and catalytic reduction of the azide yielded the requisite amino triol. Fluoride displacement from appropriately protected nucleoside derivatives, 6-fluoropurine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside and 2-fluoro-2'-deoxyinosine, by the amino triol then yielded diastereomeric pairs of diol epoxide-adducted 2'-deoxyadenosine (dA) and 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) nucleosides. Small aliquots of these adducts were separated for characterization purposes. The present approach provides the first diastereoselective synthesis of the cis adducts of BaP DE-2 with 2'-deoxyguanosine as well as the first synthesis of both dA and dG adducts from a common intermediate. An informative analysis of the 1H NMR spectra of the cis adducts synthesized and comparisons to the trans adducts are reported. To gain insight into the diastereoselectivity in the key dihydroxylation step, a computational analysis, including molecular mechanics (MMFF94) and semiempirical AM1 geometry optimizations, yielded results that are in fairly good agreement with the experimental observations.  相似文献   

3.
We describe a new and facile method for the synthesis of both cis- and trans-opened N(2)-deoxyguanosine (dG) adducts of (+/-)-7alpha, 8beta-dihydoxy-9beta,10beta-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetra hydrobenzo[a]pyrene and (+/-)-7alpha,8beta-dihydoxy-9alpha,10alpha -epoxy-7,8,9, 10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene at C-10. The key step in our approach is the direct coupling of O(6)-allyl-3', 5'-di-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-2'-deoxyguanosine with these epoxides followed by the separation of the mixtures of cis- and trans-diastereomers produced. Overall coupling yields ranged from 45 to 65%. Stereochemistry of addition of the N(2)-exocyclic amino group of dG (cis-trans, approximately 1:1) was assigned by NMR, and the absolute configuration of the dG adducts was unequivocally assigned by CD spectroscopy after separation of each individual diastereomer and cleavage of the allyl protecting group. A strong CD band at 279 nm in the O(6)-protected adduct was found to be diagnostic for configuration at C-10, with a negative band correlating with 10R configuration. The synthetic methodology described allows easy access to cis- and trans-opened N(2)-dG adducts which are valuable building blocks for the synthesis of adduct-containing oligonucleotides for physical and biochemical studies.  相似文献   

4.
New and unusual developments related to the chemistry of O6-(benzotriazol-1-yl)inosine derivatives are reported. First, a simple, scalable method for their syntheses via the use of PPh3/I2/HOBt has been developed and has been mechanistically investigated by 31P(1H) NMR. Studies were then conducted into a unique oxygen transfer reaction between O6-(benzotriazol-1-yl)inosine nucleosides and bis(pinacolato)diboron (pinB-Bpin) leading to the formation of C-6 (benzotriazol-1-yl)purine nucleoside derivatives and pinB-O-Bpin. This reaction has been investigated by 11B(1H) NMR and compared to pinB-O-Bpin obtained by oxidation of pinB-Bpin. The structures of the C-6 (benzotriazol-1-yl)purine nucleosides have been unequivocally established via Pd-mediated C-N bond formation between bromo purine nucleosides and 1H-benzotriazole. Finally, short and extremely simple synthesis of 1,N6-ethano- and 1,N6-propano-2'-deoxyadenosine are reported in order to demonstrate the synthetic versatility of the O6-(benzotriazol-1-yl)inosine nucleoside derivatives for the assembly of relatively complex compounds.  相似文献   

5.
Femtosecond, picosecond, and nanosecond transient absorbance (TA) and picosecond emission kinetics results are presented for three 5-(1-pyrenyl)-2'-deoxyuridine nucleosides each with a different two-atom linker joining pyrenyl C-1 to uracil C-5. The linkers are respectively -NHCO-, -(CH(2))(2)-, and -C[triple bond]C- for PAdU, PEdU, and PYdU. For all three nucleoside conjugates, most conformers undergo intramolecular charge transfer (CT) from their pyrenyl (1)(pi,pi) excited states to form Py(*+)/dU(*-) CT products in ultrashort times: 相似文献   

6.
The 8-(arylamino)-2'-deoxyguanosines, or C-8 adducts, are the major adducts formed by reaction of N-arylnitrenium ions derived from carcinogenic and mutagenic amines with 2'-deoxyguanosine (d-G) and guanosine residues of DNA. The hydrolysis kinetics of three C-8 adducts 1a-c were determined by UV and HPLC methods at 20 degrees C under acidic, neutral, and mildly alkaline conditions. At pH < 2 the dominant hydrolysis process is spontaneous cleavage of the C-N bond of the doubly protonated substrate, 1H(2)(+2) (Scheme 2). The C-8 adducts are 2- to 5-fold more reactive than d-G under these conditions. At 3 < pH < 6 the hydrolysis kinetics are dominated by cleavage of the C-N bond of the monoprotonated nucleoside 1H(+). Under these conditions the hydrolysis kinetics are accelerated by 40- to 1300-fold over that of d-G. The rate increase appears to be caused by a combination of steric acceleration of C-N bond cleavage and a decrease in the ionization constant of 1H(+), K(a1), due to the electron-donating properties of the arylamino C-8 substituent. Under neutral pH conditions a slow (k(obs) approximately 10(-8) s(-1) to 5 x 10(-7) s(-1)) spontaneous cleavage of the C-N bond of the neutral nucleoside, 1, occurs that has not been previously reported for simple purine nucleosides. Finally, under mildly alkaline conditions a process consistent with spontaneous decomposition of the anion 1(-) or OH(-)-induced decomposition of 1 is observed. The latter process has been observed for other purine nucleosides, including the closely related 1d, and involves nucleophilic attack of OH(-) on C-8 to cleave the imidazole ring of the purine.  相似文献   

7.
[formula: see text] Styrene 7,8-oxide (SO) induced N1-2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-phosphate (AMP) adducts deaminate to corresponding inosine derivatives. For the beta-isomer of N1-SO-AMP, the chiral alpha-carbon was found to be involved in the hydrolytic deamination, suggesting formation of an oxazolinium ring as an intermediate and that a water molecule attacks the benzylic carbon. The mechanism differs from the one suggested for the alpha-isomer of N1-SO-AMP, for which deamination occurs by direct attack of water at the 6-position of purine ring.  相似文献   

8.
A detailed study was carried out on the stereoselective control of cis- vs trans-opening of (+/-)-7beta,8alpha-dihydroxy-9beta,10beta-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene {B[a]P DE-1 (1)} and (+/-)-7beta,8alpha-dihydroxy-9alpha,10alpha-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene {B[a]P DE-2 (2)} at C-10 by the exocyclic amino groups of protected purine nucleosides in the fluorinated alcohols trifluoroethanol (TFE), hexafluoropropan-2-ol (HFP), and perfluoro-tert-butanol (PFTB). Addition of the 2-amino group of O6-allyl-3',5'-di-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-2'-deoxyguanosine (3) and of the 6-amino group of 3',5'-di-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-2'-deoxyadenosine (4) occurs at C-10 of the epoxides. The observed cis:trans ratio for the reaction of DE-1 (1) in the presence of 5 equiv of 3 over the range of 10-250 equiv of fluorinated alcohol varied from 53:47 to 87:13 for TFE, 60:40 to 92:8 for HFP, and 52:48 to 73:27 for PFTB. The corresponding ratios for DE-2 (2) varied from 22:78 to 72:28 for HFP under the same set of conditions. In contrast, the corresponding ratios for DE-2 (2) remained unchanged ( approximately 40:60) for TFE and for PFTB over the range of 25-250 molar equiv. Unlike the addition of the dGuo reactant 3, the corresponding addition of the dAdo reactant (4) to the DEs (1 or 2) in over 25 molar equiv of TFE occurred highly stereoselectively to afford only cis adducts for both DEs. A highly efficient HPLC separation of dGuo adduct diastereomers derived from DE-2 (2) was developed using acetone as a modifier in CH2Cl2 or in n-hexane. Through the use of varying molar ratios of the different fluorinated alcohols described above and the newly developed HPLC separation method, the four possible phosphoramidites (cis/trans, R/S) of the B[a]P DE-2 N2-dGuo adducts can be prepared in an efficient fashion on gram scale for use in oligonucleotide synthesis.  相似文献   

9.
Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of haloaromatic compounds with arylboronic acids provides a simple entry to biaryl systems. Despite its ease, to date, there are no detailed investigations of this procedure for deoxynucleoside modification. As shown in this study, a wide variety of C-6 arylpurine 2'-deoxyriboside (C-6 aryl 2'-deoxynebularine analogues) and C-2 aryl 2'-deoxyinosine analogues can be conveniently prepared via the Pd-mediated cross-coupling of arylboronic acids with the C-6 halonucleosides, 6-bromo- or 6-chloro-9[2-deoxy-3,5-bis-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl]purine (1 and 2), and the C-2 halonucleoside, 2-bromo-O(6)-benzyl-3',5'-bis-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-2'-deoxyinosine (3). Although bromonucleoside 1 proved to be a good substrate for the Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-couplings, we have noted that for several C-6 arylations, the chloronucleoside 2 provides superior coupling yields. Also described in this study is a detailed evaluation of catalytic systems that led to optimal product recoveries. Finally, a comparison of the C-C and C-N bond-forming reactions of deoxynucleosides is also reported. On the basis of this comparison, we provide evidence that C-N bond formation at the C-6 position, leading to N-aryl 2'-deoxyadenosine analogues, is more sensitive to the ligand used, whereas C-C bond-forming reactions at the same position are not. In contrast to the ligand dependency exhibited in C-N bond formation at the C-6 position, comparable reactions at the C-2 position of purine deoxynucleosides proceed with less sensitivity to the ligand used.  相似文献   

10.
Wan ZK  Binnun E  Wilson DP  Lee J 《Organic letters》2005,7(26):5877-5880
[reaction: see text] A highly facile and efficient one-step synthesis of N6-adenosine and N6-2'-deoxyadenosine derivatives has been developed. Treatment of inosine or 2'-deoxyinosine, without protection of sugar hydroxyl groups, with alkyl or arylamines, in the presence of BOP and DIPEA in DMF, led to the formation of N6-adenosine and N6-2'-deoxyadenosine derivatives in good to excellent yields. Carcinogenic polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) N6-2'-deoxyadenosine adduct 10 and a rare DNA constituent 11 were thus synthesized directly from 2'-deoxyinosine both in 98% yield.  相似文献   

11.
Dai Q  Ran C  Harvey RG 《Organic letters》2005,7(6):999-1002
[structure: see text] The first syntheses of the adducts formed in the reactions of o-quinone metabolites of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (BPQ and BAQ) at 2'-deoxyadenosine and 2'-deoxyguanosine sites in DNA are reported. These syntheses entail Pd-catalyzed coupling of protected amine derivatives of catechols with suitably protected halopurine analogues of 2'-deoxyribonucleosides.  相似文献   

12.
[reaction: see text] Synthesis of N(2) 2'-deoxyguanosine adducts formed by the ubiquitous carcinogen, 1-nitropyrene, is reported. Various conditions of Buchwald-Hartwig palladium-catalyzed amination are examined. The most convenient synthetic approach involved a straightforward coupling between protected 2'-deoxyguanosine and bromonitropyrenes, which, upon reductive deprotection, provided excellent yield of the two 1-nitropyrene adducts.  相似文献   

13.
A method has been developed for the simultaneous detection and quantitation of five different 2-hydroxyethyl-DNA (HE-DNA) adducts that could be formed as a result of exposure to ethylene oxide (EO). In addition to the major N7-HE-guanine (N7-HEG) adducts this assay can also measure the less prevalent but potentially more biologically significant N1-HE-2'-deoxyadenosine (N1-HEdA), O(6)-HE-2'-deoxyguanosine (O(6)-HEdG), N(6)-HE-2'-deoxyadenosine (N(6)-HEdA) and N3-HE-2'-deoxyuridine adducts (N3-HEdU). The method involves the isolation of HE adducts from the unmodified nucleosides by either neutral thermal hydrolysis or enzymatic digestion, followed by high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) purification, before detection and quantification by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) using selective reaction monitoring (SRM). The limits of detection were in the range 0.5-25 fmol for each individual adduct, making this one of the most sensitive assays available for the detection of N7-HEG. To illustrate the possible applications of the assay, it has been employed in the measurement of endogenous/background and EO-induced HE adducts in a variety of DNA samples.  相似文献   

14.
We have previously reported the use of a 13C tag at the C2 of 15N-multilabeled purine nucleosides to distinguish the adjacent-labeled 15N atoms from those in an untagged nucleoside. We now introduce the use of an indirect tag at the C8 of 15N7-labeled purine nucleosides. This tag allows unambiguous differentiation between a pair of 15N7-labeled purines in which only one is 13C8 labeled. Although the very small C8-N7 coupling (<1 Hz) precludes its direct detection in 1D 15N spectra, 2D 1H-15N NMR experiments display the large C8-H8 coupling (>200 Hz) because H8 is coupled to both N7 and C8. The 13C8 atom is introduced by means of a ring closure of the exocyclic amino groups of a pyrimidinone using [13C]sodium ethyl xanthate. Here, we present methods for the syntheses of [8-13C-1,7,NH2-15N3]adenosine, -guanosine, and their deoxy analogues.  相似文献   

15.
Thymidine and 2'-deoxyadenosine were reacted with phenyl glycidyl ether in order to study the formation of the corresponding 2'-deoxynucleoside adducts. Separation methods were elaborated using either reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode-array detection, or centrifugal circular thin-layer chromatography. The adducts were isolated on a preparative scale and were fully characterized by UV spectroscopy, desorption chemical ionization and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and 270- and 360-MHz 1H NMR spectrometry. For thymidine the main adduct was characterized as N-3-(2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl)thymidine. With 2'-deoxyadenosine, predominantly N-1-(2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl)-2'-deoxyadenosine was formed. With longer reaction times, the formation of a minor amount of dialkylated 2'-deoxyadenosine was observed. These nucleoside adducts will be used as marker compounds for studies of DNA adduct formation.  相似文献   

16.
[reaction: see text] C8-Amine and acetylamine adducts of 2'-deoxyguanosine were synthesized. Our approach provides solutions for the coupling of aromatic amines to a protected 8-bromo-2'-deoxyguanosine derivative, for the selective acetylation of the coupled adduct at N(8) and for a protecting group scheme preserving the integrity of the base-labile N(8) acetyl group during DNA synthesis.  相似文献   

17.
Modification of nucleosides to give pharmaceutically active compounds, mutagenesis models, and oligonucleotide structural probes continues to be of great interest. The aqueous-phase modification of unprotected halonucleosides is reported herein. Using a catalyst derived from tris(3-sulfonatophenyl)phosphine (TPPTS) and palladium acetate, 8-bromo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-BrdG) is coupled with arylboronic acids to give 8-aryl-2'-deoxyguanosine adducts (8-ArdG) in excellent yield in a 2:1 water:acetonitrile solvent mixture. The TPPTS ligand was found to be superior to water-soluble alkylphosphines for this coupling reaction. The coupling chemistry has been extended to 8-bromo-2'-deoxyadenosine (8-BrdA) and 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (5-IdU), as well as the ribonucleosides 8-bromoguanosine and 8-bromoadenosine. Good to excellent yields of arylated adducts are obtained in all cases. With use of tri(4,6-dimethyl-3-sulfonatophenyl)phosphine (TXPTS), the Suzuki coupling of 8-BrdA and 5-IdU can be accomplished in less than 1 h at room temperature. This methodology represents an efficient and general method for halonucleoside arylation that does not require prior protection of the nucleoside.  相似文献   

18.
[reaction: see text] A gas mixture of NO and O(2) was bubbled into 2'-deoxyguanosine solution at neutral pH and 37 degrees C. A novel nitrated nucleoside was generated in the reaction mixture in addition to 8-nitroguanine, 8-nitroxanthine, 2'-deoxyxanthosine, xanthine, and guanine. The novel nucleoside was identified as N(2)-nitro-2'-deoxyguanosine by spectrometric data.  相似文献   

19.
Oligonucleotides containing 7-thia-8-oxoguanine represent a new class of molecules in which sulfur replaces the 7-nitrogen of a purine base. The monomeric 7-thia-8-oxoguanine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside (2'-deoxyimmunosine, 4) was prepared by nucleobase anion glycosylation in a regio- and stereoselective way employing 5-{[(di-n-butylamino)methylidene]amino}thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine-2,7(3H,6H)-dione (18) and 1-chloro-2-deoxy-3,5-di-O-p-toluoyl-alpha-d-erythro-pentofuranose (6). The nucleoside was converted into the phosphoramidite and oligonucleotides were prepared by solid-phase synthesis. Oligonucleotide duplexes containing the 4-dC base pair show a similar stability as those containing the dG-dC motif. Thus the sterically demanding sulfur and the additional 8-oxo group are well accommodated in the major groove of DNA. As expected, compound 4 does not form a Hoogsteen pair, as reported for 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine. Compared to 2'-deoxyguanosine, 2'-deoxyimmunosine shows a better mismatch discrimination in Watson-Crick base pairs.  相似文献   

20.
We describe a novel trifluoroethanol (TFE) or hexafluoropropan-2-ol (HFP) mediated substitution reaction of the bay-region C10 acetoxy group in four stereoisomeric 7,8,9,10-tetraacetoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrenes (tetraol tetraacetates, two pairs of cis and trans isomers at the 9,10 positions) by the exocyclic N2-amino group of O6-allyl-3',5'-di-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-2'-deoxyguanosine (3). The tetraacetates are derived from cis and trans hydrolysis of (+/-)-7beta,8alpha-dihydroxy-9beta,10beta-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P DE-1) and of (+/-)-7beta,8alpha-dihydroxy-9alpha,10alpha-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P DE-2) at C-10 followed by acetylation. Excellent yields and high regioselectivity were observed. Similar cis/trans product ratios were observed for each set of cis and trans tetraol tetraacetates derived from DE-1 ( approximately 75/25) and from DE-2 (approximately 67/33) in HFP. This strongly suggests that the substitution proceeds via an SN1 mechanism involving a carbocation intermediate that is common to the cis and trans tetraacetates. Since it is likely that the cis and trans products from 3 arise from different conformations of the carbocation, its lifetime must be sufficiently long to permit conformational equilibration before its capture by the purine nucleophile. The corresponding reaction of (+/-)-9alpha-bromo-7beta,8alpha,10beta-triacetoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene with 3 in HFP was highly regio- and stereoselective and gave exclusively trans 10beta-adducts. This newly developed substitution reaction provides an attractive alternative synthetic strategy for the preparation of polycyclic hydrocarbon adducted oligonucleotide building blocks.  相似文献   

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