复合酶水解乳鸽肉的研究

以乳鸽脯肉为原料 ,选择复合蛋白酶 (Protamex)和复合风味酶 (Flavourzyme)分步水解制备乳鸽肉水解液。通过对水解条件的研究确定Protamex酶最适酶解条件为 :固液比为 1∶2 ,反应温度为 5 5℃ ,pH值 7 5 ,酶用量 0 2 % ,酶解时间 5h ;在此反应条件下 ,单一酶酶解液最高水解度为 2 5 %左右 ;分步酶解的工艺条件是 :Protamex酶反应进行 2h后 ,加入 0 5 %Flavuorzyme酶 ,5 0℃下酶解时间 14h ,酶解液水解度达 40 % ,复合水解液呈亮黄色 ,味道鲜美。氨基酸分析结果表明 ,游离氨基酸含量约 46 41mg/mL (色氨酸未计 ) ,必需氨基酸2 8 3 8mg/mL ,占 61 2 %。尤其是亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、缬氨酸、苏氨酸等支链氨基酸含量以及谷氨酸、天门冬氨酸、甘氨酸等呈味氨基酸含量丰富。结果为乳鸽肉复合水解液作为疗效营养剂或高级调味料提供了依据。     

复合酶水解巴非蛤肉工艺研究

以巴非蛤肉为原料,选择木瓜蛋白酶、菠萝蛋白酶和中性蛋白酶分步水解制备水解液.通过时水解条件的研究,确定木瓜蛋白酶最适酶解条件为:酶用量6000U/g原料、料水比1:8(w/v)、50℃、pH6.5下酶解4h,水解度为35.84%.分步酶解的工艺条件为:在料水比1:8(w/v)、pH6.5、温度50℃条件下,用木瓜蛋白酶先水解4h,菠萝蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶再依次水解4h,水解度达到48.35%.复合酶水解液的氨基酸分析结果表明,游离氨基酸含量丰富,约为866.4mg/100mL(色氨酸未计),其中必需氨基酸占32.6%,尤其是谷氨酸、天门冬氨酸、甘氨酸等呈味氨基酸含量丰富.结果为巴非蛤肉复合水解液作为疗效营养剂或高级调味料提供了依据.     

双酶分步酶解盐津乌骨鸡肉工艺及其氨基酸组成分析

以云南盐津乌骨鸡肉为原料,蛋白水解度为指标,采用响应面分析法优化盐津乌骨鸡肉酶解条件;用氨基酸分析仪及凝胶渗透色谱法检测酶解液的氨基酸组成和多肽分子量分布。结果表明,双酶分步酶解最佳工艺条件为动物蛋白酶酶解时间5 h、酶添加量2.6%、酶解pH值6.5,灭酶后,再加入木瓜蛋白酶酶解3 h、酶添加量2.5%、酶解温度60℃。在该条件下,盐津乌骨鸡肉水解度为(32.62±0.79)%;酶解液中含有17种氨基酸,总游离氨基酸含量可达6.02 mg/mL,且亮氨酸、精氨酸等呈味氨基酸含量较高,其中多肽的相对分子质量主要集中分布在1 kDa以下。该研究结果可为后续盐津乌骨鸡相关新型调味制品的开发提供一定的理论依据。     

复合酶水解牛肉的研究

研究了以牛肉为原料，选择复合蛋白酶(Protamex)和复合风味酶(Flavourzyme)分步水解牛肉蛋白。通过对影响牛肉水解因素的考察，得出Protamex酶的最适水解条件为：前处理加热温度90℃，加热时间10min，加酶量2％，反应温度55℃；，pH值6．0，固液比1：5，反应时间为6h，此条件下的水解度为12．57％。为了提高牛肉的水解度，采用双酶水解，其工艺条件为1先用Protamex水解6h，然后用Flavourzyme再水解6h，Flavourzyme的水解条件为加酶量6．0％，反应温度50℃，其它条件与Protamex相同，在此条件下水解度可达24.62％。     

不同蛋白酶酶解罗非鱼肉制备蛋白水解液的过程变化规律研究

本文选择五种蛋白酶(木瓜蛋白酶、Alcalase2.4 L、Protamex、Neutrase 1.5MG和Flavourzyme 500MG)对酶解罗非鱼肉制备蛋白水解液的过程变化规律研究.以Cn、Cp值和蛋白质利用率为指标对酶解过程进行分析,说明不同的酶解工艺参数对酶解过程及产物影响较大,其中Flavourzyme 500MG生成游离氨基酸态氮含量最高(12 h后达到4.25 mg/mL);木瓜蛋白酶生成短肽含量最高(5 h后达到39.82 mg/mL);Protamex的蛋白质利用率最高(12 h后达到44.74%).以高含量游离氨基酸的水解液为目的可选用Flavourzyme 500MG、Protamex;以高含量功能性短肽的水解液为目的可选用木瓜蛋白酶、Alcalase 2.4 L.     

双酶水解虾粉制备虾风味基料的研究

用Flavourzyme复合风味蛋白酶和Protamex复合蛋白酶同步水解虾粉制备虾风味基料,最佳酶解条件为:底物浓度为11.0%、Flavourzyme复合风味蛋白酶和Protamex复合蛋白酶的添加量均为0.8%、水解温度55 ℃,起始pH值6.5,酶水解时间3 h,水解度为23.6%;水解液经浓缩后即可得到虾味浓郁的风味基料.     

酶法水解羊肉制备肉味香精的研究

研究Flavourzyme复合风味蛋白酶和Protamex复合蛋白酶对羊肉的酶促水解,以及水解液通过Maillard反应合成肉味香精.研究表明:Flavourzyme和Protamex的最佳配比为1:1,最佳水解条件为45℃,pH 7.0,底物浓度30%,组合酶浓度0.8%(E/S);以组合酶最佳水解条件下所得羊肉水解液作为Maillard反应基料,采用羊肉酶解液50g植物水解蛋白fHVP)8.0g葡萄糖2.0g木糖1.0g、丙氨酸0.6 g、I+G0.8 g、羊脂4.0 g、L-半胱氨酸盐酸盐0.5 g、酵母膏5.0 g、VB 10.5 g,在110℃反应30 rain,得到具有酱羊肉风味的香精.     

中国对虾调味料风味前体物质酶解制备工艺研究

以中国对虾下脚料为原料,利用酶解技术获得中国对虾调味料风味前体物质——酶解液,并通过响应面分析方法优化酶解工艺。研究结果表明,最佳酶解工艺条件为料水比1/9,酶解时间3h,酶用量2.4%,酶解温度68℃,初始pH6.5。在此条件下,中国对虾下脚料水解度为16.58%。水解液中氨基酸含量为23.2028mg/mL,其中必需氨基酸含量为10.5312mg/mL。所得酶解液具有诱人、浓郁的虾风味,可以作为调味基料。     

响应面法优化豆豉蛋白酶解工艺

以豆豉蛋白为原料,选用木瓜蛋白酶与复合风味酶分步水解制备豆豉蛋白水解物。通过单因素试验和响应面分析,确定了木瓜蛋白酶的水解条件为:反应温度62.93℃、pH7.49、酶/底物4.91%、底物浓度5.48%,在此条件下水解5h;木瓜蛋白酶水解液再加入复合风味酶酶解,优化的水解条件为:在pH6.0,酶/底物为3%,55℃条件下反应3h,豆豉蛋白最终水解度达到28.37%。     

草鱼边角料蛋白质水解工艺

以胰蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶进行复配并深度酶解草鱼边角料,采用酶解温度、pH、液料比、酶添加量为因素,以游离氨基酸总量(Total free amino acids,∑FAA)为响应值,通过响应曲面实验优化草鱼边角料蛋白质水解工艺,以最大程度的提高水解液中的游离氨基酸含量,并分析在水解过程中酶解液中的氨基酸组成。实验结果表明,胰蛋白酶及风味蛋白酶对草鱼边角料有较好的水解作用,且当复合比例为3:1时,草鱼边角料蛋白质水解液中有最大的∑FAA;另外,酶解温度、pH、液料比、酶添加量对草鱼边角料的水解程度均有显著的(p<0.05)影响;优化实验得到,当温度50 ℃、pH为7.3、液料比为4.2:1、酶添加量为2.2%时、酶解时间为6 h时,水解液中有最大的∑FAA为(12.03±0.11) mg/mL,酶解液中共检测出17种游离氨基酸,不同氨基酸的含量随着酶解时间的延长呈明显的增加趋势,在酶解时间超过6 h后,游离氨基酸含量增加趋势明显减缓。因此,该工艺可以用于草鱼边角料蛋白质水解液的制备。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press     

INFOPRINT 2014 was Successfully Held in Dongguan

Sponsored by Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China （PEIAC） and organized by Print China magazine, the Seventeenth Beijing International Printing Information Conference （INFOPRINT 2014） was successfully held on 11th Dec. 2014 at Dongguan Exhibition International Hotel.