两级反渗透系统中膜元件的优化组合

明确了二级系统给水p H值约为7.75时系统透盐率达到最低值;论证了对于不同透盐率水平元件,若将较低透盐率元件用于二级系统而较高透盐率元件用于一级系统则全系统透盐率较低;讨论了调换一、二级系统元件的方式即形成系统元件的优化组合,以使全系统产水水质相应提高的工艺措施。     

废水处理中反渗透系统的运行维护

太钢供水厂以污水处理厂出水为原水，于2002年12月建成一级反渗透系统（1400m^3／h）和二级反渗透＋混床系统（300m^3／h）。     

pH值对电渗析工艺去除废水中氨氮的影响分析

探讨了电渗析的原理,分析了pH值对电渗析工艺去除废水中氨氮的影响,介绍了试验装置及方法,得出了偏酸性时氨氮去除率下降剧烈,偏碱性时氨氮去除率下降不是很明显,对于主要污染物为氨氮的废水,其去除效果几乎不受pH值影响的结论。     

大型反渗透海水淡化系统双端产水脱硼工艺研究

针对大型反渗透海水淡化系统,设计了一种双端产水脱硼工艺,并采用反渗透系统模拟软件研究了二级进水pH值、海水温度和硼含量等参数对工艺脱硼效果的影响。结果表明,该工艺能有效脱除海水中的硼,当二级进水pH值为9. 5时,产水水质可以达标。当海水温度和硼含量均较低时,仅开启一级系统时产水水质即可达标;当海水温度> 13℃或硼含量> 2. 3 mg/L时,需启用二级系统进一步脱硼;当海水温度> 30℃或硼含量> 6. 0 mg/L时,还需适当提高二级进水pH值来增强反渗透膜的脱硼率,以实现产水硼含量达标。与常规脱硼工艺相比,双端产水脱硼工艺通过减少43%的二级系统处理规模,使二级系统的建设投资成本和运行成本均减少43%。     

空调两级泵水系统变频调速的自控设计

分析了变频调速离心水泵的并联特性和变流量水系统的管路特性。结合具体工程,着重介绍了多台变频二级泵并联的自控方案及验证过程。指出了两级泵变频调速水系统的适用场合和成功不多的原因。     

反渗透制水系统节能降耗改进措施

本文介绍了流行于热电行业的反渗透＋混床制水工艺流程。总结了此类制水流程节能降耗的方法和措施。主张应根据当地水质情况和要求,本着节能降耗的原则,进行制水系统的流程设计和技术改造,以不断提高制水系统节能降耗水平。     

pH值对餐厨垃圾厌氧产酸的影响

通过间歇试验研究了中温条件下pH值对餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵产酸的影响。考察了pH值为5、6、7及不控制pH值下的有机酸浓度、SCOD溶出量、对VS的去除率及产气情况。结果表明,当控制pH值为6时,餐厨垃圾的水解酸化效果最好,发酵液中的VFA浓度最高,达到37.60g/L。对VS的去除率在pH值为6和7时最高,分别为64.8%和64.5%。氨氮浓度在pH值为6和7时均达到2 140 mg/L,而在更低pH值时则维持在600～700 mg/L之间。pH值为6时SCOD浓度达到85 g/L,其中VFA占SCOD的72.8%;气体产量为118.9 mL/gVS,主要成分为氢气和二氧化碳,其中氢气占40.1%,二氧化碳占50.0%。     

用硫酸铜及改变水的pH值去除水中藻类

通过用硫酸铜及改变水的pH值 ,对污染的黄河地面原水进行了除藻试验研究 ,找出了抑制藻类生长的硫酸铜有效剂量和最佳 pH值 ,为生产实际中去除水中藻类和消除水腥味提供了科学依据。     

茂名市浅层地下水pH值偏低的原因分析

原生地质环境、工业废气 (酸雨 )、酸性工业废水及工业废渣共同造成了茂名市浅层地下水pH值偏低。     

水质pH值测定新旧标准对比分析

2020年11月26日,我国生态环境部发布了HJ 1147—2020《水质pH值的测定电极法》(新标准),并于2021年6月1日起实施,同时停止执行GB 6920—1986《水质pH值的测定玻璃电极法》(旧标准)。鉴于新旧标准存在诸多差异,对新旧标准进行了详细的对比,分析了新旧标准名称、适用范围、方法原理、样品保存、仪器校准、样品测定、结果表示、质量保证和质量控制等异同。同时提出远距离采样现场测定pH值以及严格遵守新标准质量控制规定等建议,为pH值检测的相关从业者提供参考。     

电厂水处理反渗透系统优化研究函数的建立

通过对水处理反渗透系统经济性函数的建立,可供设计者利用反渗透除盐优化计算软件进行优化设计,对反渗透系统的经济性优化提供了计算依据。     

浓缩果汁行业反渗透工序清洁生产方案的实施

针对目前浓缩果汁行业反渗透工序用水量和排水量较大的现状,通过对各用水环节的分析,提出几项反渗透工序的清洁生产方案,从而改变了反渗透生产工艺来提高水的利用率,同时减少废水的排放量。     

超滤预处理工艺在反渗透海水淡化系统中的应用

针对海水淡化工程中的原水水质和出水要求,通过比较各种预处理方式,提出在反渗透海水淡化系统中采用超滤预处理工艺。介绍了超滤预处理工艺的运行参数,并与常规工艺进行了对比。     

关于反渗透纯水机存在合理性的分析

针对市面上的反渗透纯水机提出了一些自己的看法,通过几方面的系统分析认为纯水机存在是具有一定社会背景和市场需求的,具有一定的合理性,从而满足人们的用水需求。     

反渗透深度处理炼化废水的应用研究

采用反渗透工艺深度处理经连续微滤(CMF)预处理后的炼化废水.试验结果表明,反渗透对CMF出水COD的去除率高于93%,电导率降低了95%.出水可回用作循环冷却水系统补给水,有较好的经济效益和社会效益.     

反渗透膜截留二级出水中重金属离子试验研究

为了考察反渗透膜对污水中重金属离子的去除效果,采用MCM-RO（微滤-活性炭-微滤-反渗透）工艺对邯郸市东郊污水厂氧化沟工艺二沉池出水进行了深度处理,实验结果表明,该工艺对砷、镉、铅三种重金属的去除效果非常明显,出水水质稳定。     

污水再生利用双膜法工艺浓水水质分析

分别对某生活污水处理厂及进水含有工业废水的混合污水处理厂的双膜工艺(CMF+RO)浓水水质进行了调查,结果表明:混合污水处理厂双膜工艺浓水中TDS、Mg2+、Ca2+、Cl-、SO42-、CODCr、TOC、BOD5、TP、NH3-N、TN均高于生活污水处理厂。对浓水中有机物组分的GC-MS分析表明,两个污水处理厂双膜工艺浓水中残存的有机物均属于难生物降解物质,以酚类和酯类为主,且混合污水处理厂双膜工艺浓水中残留有机物的组成较复杂。     

Isolation of dissolved organic matter from the suwannee river using reverse osmosis

A portable reverse osmosis (RO) system was constructed and used to concentrate dissolved organic matter (DOM) from the Suwannee River in southeastern Georgia. Using this RO system, 150–180 1/h of river water could be processed with 90% recovery of DOM. After further cation exchange and lyophilization of the concentrated river water samples, large quantities of low-ash freeze-dried products were isolated. We highly recommend this RO method for concentration of DOM in fresh waters because (1) a very high percentage of DOM is recovered, which indicates minimal fractionation of the original sample; and (2) the process is quite rapid, which permits large quantities of DOM to be concentrated in a reasonable length of time.     

Cyclophosphamide removal from water by nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membrane

The rejection of cyclophosphamide (CP) by nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes from ultrapure (Milli-Q) water and membrane bioreactor (MBR) effluent was investigated. Lyophilization-extraction and detection methods were first developed for CP analysis in different water matrices. Experimental results showed that the RO membrane provided excellent rejection (>90%) under all operating conditions. Conversely, efficiency of CP rejection by NF membrane was poor: in the range of 20-40% from Milli-Q water and around 60% from MBR effluent. Trans-membrane pressure, initial CP concentration and ionic strength of the feed solution had almost no effect on CP retention by NF. On the other hand, the water matrix proved to have a great influence: CP rejection rate by NF was clearly enhanced when MBR effluent was used as the background solution. Membrane fouling and interactions between the CP and water matrix appeared to contribute to the higher rejection of CP.     

Development of antifouling reverse osmosis membranes for water treatment: A review

With the rapidly increasing demands on water resources, fresh water shortage has become an important issue affecting the economic and social development in many countries. As one of the main technologies for producing fresh water from saline water and other wastewater sources, reverse osmosis (RO) has been widely used so far. However, a major challenge facing widespread application of RO technology is membrane fouling, which results in reduced production capacity and increased operation costs. Therefore, many researches have been focused on enhancing the RO membrane resistance to fouling. This paper presents a review of developing antifouling RO membranes in recent years, including the selection of new starting monomers, improvement of interfacial polymerization process, surface modification of conventional RO membrane by physical and chemical methods as well as the hybrid organic/inorganic RO membrane. The review of research progress in this article may provide an insight for the development of antifouling RO membranes and extend the applications of RO technology in water treatment in the future.