热水和表面活性剂驱室内实验

针对辽河油田海26块油藏原油粘度高、常规水驱开发效果差等现状,通过对表面活性剂进行表面活性、界面张力、耐温性和吸附性等性能的评价,筛选出适用于海26块油藏的表面活性剂。通过一维管式驱油实验,研究了注入温度、表面活性剂溶液质量分数、注入方式对原油采收率的影响。结果表明,随着注入温度的不断升高,最终采收率不断增加,当注入温度超过120℃后,原油的最终采收率增加幅度变缓;随着表面活性剂溶液质量分数的增大,最终采收率不断增加,表面活性剂溶液质量分数达到0.3%后,最终采收率增加幅度变缓;表面活性剂与热水多轮次交替注入比单轮次注入表面活性剂的驱油效果要好。在注入温度为120℃、表面活性剂溶液质量分数为0.3%和4轮次交替注入优化参数下,热水和表面活性剂驱的最终采收率为83.67%。     

克拉玛依油田B21井区油藏表面活性剂性能评价

为了评价克拉玛依油田B21井区二类砾岩油藏驱油用HW表面活性剂的可行性,评价了表面活性剂界面活性、稳定性、乳化性能和模拟驱油性能。结果表明：HW表面活性剂质量分数为0.1%~0.5%时,界面张力在10-2 mN/m量级,最小界面张力为0.006 0 mN/m,该表面活性剂具有良好的稳定性,长期放置界面张力不发生明显变化,有利于通过降低界面张力提高原油采收率;表面活性剂的质量分数和水油比均对其乳化性能有显著影响,乳化能力随质量分数增加而增大,破乳后析出水较为清澈且界面清晰,有利于表面活性剂驱油后的油水分离。驱油实验结果显示,质量分数为0.3%的HW表面活性剂溶液可提高采收率10.5%     

OCS驱油剂用作不同断块油田表面活性剂驱的可行性研究

通过研究OCS驱油体系的油水界面张力和乳化性能及驱油效果,考察其在不同断块油田表面活性剂驱的可行性。结果表明,当OCS表面活性剂含量为0.05%-0.4%时,驱油体系与不同断块油田原油间的界面张力可降到10-2-10-3mN/m数量级,说明OCS驱油体系具有较好的界面活性和适中的乳化性能。物理模型驱油试验结果表明,在水驱基础上,注入0.3PV的OCS表面活性剂水溶液,原油采收率可提高18.08%。     

高温低渗油藏表面活性剂驱影响因素研究

为改善高温低渗油藏开发效果,开展了表面活性剂驱影响因素研究。通过在114℃条件下,对亲水、亲油低渗岩心进行表面活性剂驱油实验,考察了界面张力、乳化作用、润湿反转以及注入时机对注入压力、驱油效率等的影响。研究结果表明,表面活性剂体系与原油间的界面张力越低,提高驱油效率和降低注入压力的幅度越大。表面活性剂的乳化速率越高,原油采收率越高;乳化降黏能力越强,降压效果越好;同时,适当降低乳状液稳定性也对驱油有利。表面活性剂的润湿反转作用使其能在较高界面张力下有效驱油,并在亲油岩心中获得较亲水岩心更好的增油降压效果。此外,在中等含水阶段进行表面活性剂驱,能够利用最低的投入获得最高的原油采收率。     

一种阴-非离子表面活性剂在安塞油田长6油藏适应性研究

对室内研发了一种阴-非离子型表面活性剂开展油藏适应性研究,测试了界面张力、乳化能力、油藏配伍性、岩心室内驱油实验。结果表明,该表面活性剂与安塞油田长6油藏原油的最终界面张力维持在10-3m N/m数量级,耐盐、耐温性较好,对原油具有较强的乳化能力,并且与安塞油田注入水配伍性良好,0.5%的质量分数下较水驱提高采收率12%以上,能满足安塞油田表面活性剂驱油的要求。现场试验10个井组,对应油井含水下降3.7%、增油效果明显,表明该表面活性剂在安塞油田长6油藏具有较好的适应性。     

模拟二元复合驱采出液稳定性影响因素研究

二元复合驱是中高渗透油藏提高采收率的主要技术之一。为了研究聚表二元驱对乳状液稳定性的影响,选取含聚表水与模拟油组成油水界面体系,测试了油水界面张力、界面剪切黏度等参数,并结合乳状液静置脱水效果,分析聚表二元驱对油水采出液稳定性的作用机理。采用含聚合物和表面活性剂的水相与模拟油配制成模拟油采出液,用于测试不同聚合物及表面活性剂浓度对界面张力的影响。界面张力结果表明:聚表二元驱成分能够显著增大油水乳状液的稳定性,但聚合物与表面活性剂在界面活性上存在明显差异;界面剪切黏度的影响因素主要为聚合物;静置脱水实验表明,影响油水乳状液稳定性的主要因素为表面活性剂。这与过去的观点存在矛盾,即认为界面剪切黏度是影响乳状液稳定性的关键。因此本研究认为存在其他因素影响乳状液稳定性。     

低渗透油藏表面活性剂驱油体系的室内研究

通过对降低界面张力能力、乳化能力、改变岩石润湿性能力、吸附量以及驱油效率的评价,研究了SHSA-03-JS表面活性剂用于江苏油田沙七断块油藏表面活性剂驱的性能,并对低渗透油藏表面活性剂驱油机理进行了探究。结果表明,SHSA-03-JS表面活性剂溶液用于江苏油田沙七断块油藏原油时,在0.05%～0.6%浓度范围内油水界面张力均可达到10-2 mN/m的数量级,在0.1%～0.3%浓度范围内可达到10-3 mN/m的超低数量级;同时,该表面活性剂能使油湿石英片向水湿方向转变;在初始浓度0.3%时,表面活性剂在油砂的吸附量为4.78mg/g,能够满足江苏油田沙七断块表面活性剂驱的要求。室内岩心模拟驱油实验结果表明,当SHSA-03-JS表面活性剂浓度为0.3%时,表面活性剂驱可比水驱提高采收率11.47%。SHSA-03-JS表面活性剂能够满足江苏油田沙七断块进行表面活性剂驱的要求。     

双子表面活性剂对海上S油田稠油降粘性能评价

针对海上S油田地层中胶质和沥青质含量高、稠油粘度大和水驱采收率低的问题,采用双子表面活性剂RB107对S油田稠油进行降粘实验,评价其乳化浓度、聚集形态、界面活性、润湿性和稳定性等,在此基础上通过物理模拟驱油实验考察其驱油性能。结果显示:在油藏条件下,当质量分数为0.3%、油水体积比为50∶50时,可使稠油粘度降低97%,使油水界面张力降至0.165 6 m N/m,说明双子表面活性剂RB107在较低浓度下具有较强降粘性能和界面活性;乳化速度为0.24 m L/min,油水乳状液油珠分散均匀且直径小,说明RB107具有较快的乳化速度和较强的稳定性;RB107溶液与原油基底的接触角为10.8°,说明对油水界面具有较强的润湿性;其可在水驱的基础上提高采收率10.1%,说明RB107对S油田稠油具有良好的降粘效果,可作为S油田稠油的降粘剂。     

辽河油田欢50块表面活性剂／碱驱油研究

辽河油田欢５０ 块为低渗透油藏,孔隙度小,岩性致密,地层温度高,原油含蜡量高,凝固点高,导致生产时产量下降快,产能低,采出程度低。针对生产中的问题,进行了碱／ 表面活性剂复合驱提高原油采收率的研究。通过研究复合体系溶液与欢５０ 块原油的界面张力、复合体系溶液的长期热稳定性,从７ 种表面活性剂中筛选出既能降低油水界面张力,又能适应该油藏９９℃高温的表面活性剂,并研究了该表面活性剂和碱形成的复合体系在欢５０ 块油砂上的吸附以及复合体系溶液驱油效率。该体系在９９ ℃时能大幅度降低欢５０块原油的油水界面张力（达０．０１ ｍＮ／ｍ 以下） , 并具有很高的驱替效率,水驱后注入复合体系段塞,平均采收率达６５．２４ ％ ,相对于水驱,提高采收率平均为１８．４％ 。并运用核磁共振成像技术研究复合体系溶液的驱油机理,复合体系注入前后核磁共振成像结果表明,复合驱能提高驱替效率,在复合体系前缘形成富集油带,对进一步采出水驱剩余油明显有效。     

耐温抗盐阴-非离子表面活性剂研究及应用

针对江汉油田高温高盐稀油油藏条件合成了SH系列阴-非离子表面活性剂C₁₂H₂₅O（CH₂CH₂O）_nCH₂CH（OH）CH₂SO₃Na,n值分别为5⁹时对应SH01^SH05。室内评价了该系列阴-非离子表面活性剂的界面活性和耐温抗盐性能,用物理模拟方法评价了阴-非离子表面活性剂的驱油性能。研究结果表明,所合成的阴-非离子表面活性剂具有较强的耐温抗盐能力,随温度的升高或矿化度的增加,油水界面张力更低;在高矿化度（300 g/L）、高温（84℃）下,0.3%的表面活性剂SH03溶液与钟市模拟油间的界面张力能降到10^-3mN/m超低数量级;物模驱油实验表明,在水驱基础上（采收率52%左右）,注入0.3 PV、质量分数0.3%的SH03溶液可提高采收率6%,注入0.3PV的0.3%SH03+0.3%SMG复合体系可提高采收率12.1%。在钟市油田钟10-5井区开展的表面活性剂矿场先导试验见到增油效果。图4表4参9     

阿姆河右岸酸性气田井口冲蚀及对策

中亚土库曼斯坦阿姆河右岸气田群为高含H_2S和CO_2的碳酸盐岩气藏,单井产量高,井口设备均出现了不同程度的腐蚀。初步分析认为其原因是生产过程中仅考虑酸性介质对气井井口的化学腐蚀,而没有考虑气体流速对井口的冲蚀作用,极大地影响了气田的安全生产。为此,通过对节流阀上下游阀道、法兰面均出现明显坑状腐蚀的进一步分析,明确了化学腐蚀和气体冲蚀的交互作用是井口磨损的主要影响因素,气流冲刷腐蚀坑的化学腐蚀产物会加速冲蚀损害;进而借鉴冲蚀与腐蚀运行环境下的多相管流管道的磨损计算理论,计算了该运行环境下的冲蚀极限速度,得到了不同生产工况下节流阀的抗冲蚀流量;最后,根据气田生产情况,针对性地提出了按气井配产要求来选择采气树类型、节流阀通径及类型冲蚀的技术控制策略。此举为气田安全生产提供了工程技术保障。     

山前地区深井超深井套管防磨与减磨技术研究

针对山前地区深井超深井钻井过程中套管磨损严重的问题,在分析套管磨损机理的基础上,开展了山前地区套管防磨与减磨技术研究,基于技术研究成果及应用实践,得到如下结论:1应用Power V等垂直钻井系统控制井眼轨迹,特别是上部井段的狗腿度和井斜,可明显减小侧向力和磨损量,缩短套管磨损时间;2应综合考虑套管磨损率、磨损系数以及钻杆耐磨带本身的磨损量,优选出效果最优的耐磨带;在狗腿度严重的位置,可考虑采用一定数量的橡胶钻杆卡箍来减轻对套管的磨损;3山前地区钻井液采用CX-300减磨剂能够显著降低磨损速率,减轻套管磨损程度,但在不同钻井液体系使用之前应进行优化分析以确定最佳使用量;4在迪那204井使用高密度钻井液体系,全部采用优选的高密度重晶石粉代替铁矿粉作为加重剂,整个钻进过程中未出现钻具及套管磨损,迪那204井易损件消耗量仅为邻井迪那203井的左右,防磨减磨效果非常显著。     

Biodiesel Projects Helpful to Ease Energy Shortage

Nearly 7,000 hectares of biodiesel forest will take shape in the northern province of Hebei in 2008, part of a national campaign to fuel the fast growing economy in a green way. In no more than five years, the Pistacia chinensis Bunge, whose seeds have an oil content of up to 40 percent, will yield five tons of fruit and contribute about two tons of high-quality biological diesel oil, according to the provincial forestry administration.     

State Energy Base Proposed in Inner Mongolia

Experts recently suggested China set up a state energy base in lnner Mongolia Autonomous Region to ease its energy thirst. The survey was co-conducted by senior researchers from the National Development and Reform Commission, Development Research Center of the State Council, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Finance. To plan and establish strategic energy bases at state level is in line with the principle of ＂giving priority to energy saving and diversifying energy consumption with the utility of coal at the core.＂     

Influence of Shale Oil Boom in North America upon nternational Crude Price Flucturation

正Current stituation of shale oil development in the world The US The country is blessed with abundant shale oil resources and had matersed whole sets of theories and technologies needed for their exploration and development after years of practices.According to an assessment of shale oil resources in major countries and regions of the world issued by the U.S.Energy Information Agency(EIA),the US ranks the second in the world with its 6.8 billion tons of technically recoverable shale oil(shale oil in place is about 136.3 tons).About 8plays had been confirmed to have     

A Sintering-resistant Pd/C Composite Catalyst for Ethylbenzene DehydrogenationDeveloped by CAS Institute of Metals

Carbon deposition is a commonplace phenomenon occurringin the catalytic reaction process, in particular inthe system of direct dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene,because the reactant - ethylbenzene molecules on thesurface of metal oxide catalysts are prone to quickly formcarbon deposits, leading to deactivation of catalysts. Recently,the associate research fellow Mr. Liu Hongyangand the research fellow Mr. Su Dangsheng of the StateShenyang Material Science （United ） Laboratory of theInstitute of Metal Research, CAS by taking advantageof the carbon deposition process during direct dehydrogenationof ethylbenzene have ingeniously designeda Pd/C composite catalyst. This catalyst in comparisonwith the traditional commercial carbon nanotubesupported Pd catalyst shows a significantly improved performancein terms of its catalytic activity and sinteringresistantability.     

ZPEB Overseas Markets Keep Steady and Efficient Development

In recent years, Zhongyuan Petroleum Exploration Bureau （ZPEB） has made rapid development in overseas petroleum markets through its integrated reorganization. A new international business plattbrm established, aimed at becoming a highly ranked contractor with international petroleum engineering technology. ZPEB has expanded its business scope and scale, regulated the market structure,     

New Era for China-Brazil Relations

China and Brazil celebrated the 40th anniversary of establishing diplomatic relations between the two countries in July this year. Bilateral relations between China and Brazil have entered a new stage, and experts expect the already extensive cooperation between the two countries to deepen and broaden as Chinese President Xi Jinping made a state visit to Brazil in mid-July, which is his first state visit to Brazil since he assumed the office last year. The visit to China＇s largest trade partner in Latin America is at the invitation of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff.     

Large Scale Ethylene Production Package Technology SuccessfullyDeveloped by CNPC

The CNPC Group has successfully developed a largescaleethylene production package technology with independentintellectual property rights, which has beensuccessfully applied in the 1.2 Mt/a ethylene revamp andexpansion project at the Daqing Petrochemical Complex（DPC）.     

Recent Advancements in Petroleum E & P Equipments in China

The role of equipments in oil and gas exploration and development had never been attached with so much importance as that in shale oil and gas boom in the U.S. With the help of massive hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling techniques, the U.S., the world＇s No. 1 oil importer even started to dream about energy self-sufficiency with its proudly high production of shale oil and gas from several major shale plays in the country. However, what behind this remarkable achievement are powerful multi-stage hydraulic fracturing machinery and smart tools for directional drilling.