便携式海底沉积声学原位测量系统研制及应用

详细介绍了最新研制的便携式海底沉积声学原位测量系统的工作原理和结构组成.与基于液压驱动的海底沉积声学原位测量系统相比,该系统操作简单,轻便灵活,易于吊放.2010年中国科学院南海海洋研究所“实验3”号科考船南海开放航次应用该系统在南海北部开展了海底沉积声学原位测量,首次获得该海区海底沉积物声速和声衰减系数原位测量数据.将原位测量声速与实验室测量声速进行了对比分析,结果表明二者存在明显差异,从而表明温度和压力等环境参数对沉积物声速具有重要影响.     

浅海沉积声学原位探测系统研制及深海功能拓展

海底沉积物的声速和声衰减系数等声学特性参数是影响水下声场空间结构、水声通讯、水声设备使用性能、海底目标探测的重要因素。介绍了最新研制的浅海海底沉积声学原位测量系统的工作原理、结构组成和性能特点,并对系统在黄海和南海海底沉积物声学特性调查中的应用情况进行了总结。最后,对系统在满足深海应用方面的功能拓展进行了讨论和展望。     

声学原位测量系统在胶州湾的测量试验研究

为了能够快速准确的测量海底表层沉积物的声学参数,避免取样测量产生测量误差,研制出一种海底底质声学原位测量系统。为了检验原位测量系统的工作性能,在胶州湾海域进行了初步的测量实验分析。通过对测量结果的分析研究,验证了原位测量系统的一些工作性能,同时发现了一些需要改进的问题。     

海底底质声学性质原位测量技术研究

系统介绍了海底底质声学性质原位测量技术,提出了新的原位测量方法,并根据这一测量方法,初步设计制作了相应的海底原位测量仪器。利用初步制作的测量仪器在实验室内对砂质沉积物进行了模拟测量试验,仪器测量得到的沉积物声速与直接透射法测量获得的声速基本一致。在宁波近海海域进行了海上实际测量试验,获得了该测量区域海底底质的声速,验证了此测量技术的可行性,为进一步研发先进的海底原位测量仪器奠定了基础。     

海底沉积物声学性质原位测量系统海上试验研究

提出了一种新的海底沉积物声学性质原位测量方法,介绍了新研制的海底沉积物声学性质原位测量系统。在青岛近海海域对该系统进行了海试,获得了各个站位的声速数据。将测得的各站位的声速与不同海域的沉积物声速进行对比分析,并对各个站位的声速与沉积物的平均粒径进行了相关性分析,发现与以往研究结果一致,沉积物声速与沉积物类型相关,不同类型的沉积物的声速有明显差异;声速与平均粒径相关性较好,粒径越大,声速越高。结果表明,利用海底沉积物声学性质原位测量系统测得的原位声速是正确的,它能快速准确地得到海底沉积物的声速值。     

海底松散沉积物声学性质原位测量实验研究

分析研究了国内外海底松散泥沙的声速和声衰减系数测量的研究现状,并据此研制了海底表层沉积物声速声衰减系数原位测量系统。利用原位测量系统分别在实验室和海滩对不同粒度的沉积物进行了测量分析,得到了不同粒度沉积物的声速和声衰减系数。数据分析表明,沉积物的声速和声衰减系数与沉积物的粒径有密切的关系,粒径越粗,声速越高,声衰减系数越大。通过沉积物声学性质研究,可以开发海底浅层沉积物声学性质原位测量技术,提高相关海洋调查的速度和效率。     

可变角度换能器在海底沉积物声学原位测量应用的探讨

海底沉积物的声学测量是海底测深的关键技术之一,应用于海底地形地貌测量、海洋矿产资源开采和海底工程建设等。海底沉积物声学测量方法中的原位测量方法可以避免保真采样法的强扰动性和遥测法的准确度、精度及灵敏度的不确定性等缺点,如何改进原位测量系统渐成为海底探测的研究热点。通过分析现有海底沉积物原位测量设备测试换能器的工作原理,针对垂直压入方式换能器测量深度有限,提出了一种通过改变换能器压入沉积物的角度来增加测量深度的方法。在理论上论证出在不低于换能器接收阈值时,测量深度随着掠射角的增加而增加。在不增加压入深度的前提下提供了一种增加测量深度方法。     

南黄海海底沉积物原位声速测量与实验室声速测量对比研究

介绍了海底沉积物原位声速测量方法和实验室声速测量方法的工作原理以及在南黄海中部海底沉积声学调查中的应用情况,详细对比分析了原位测量声速和船舶甲板实验室测量声速的差异,讨论了温度和压力等环境因素变化对声速的影响,研究成果对海底沉积物声速测量和预报具有一定应用价值.     

海底底质声学参数测量系统设计

海底底质声学参数测量系统用于测量海底沉积物的声速和声衰减参数,它由水上主控子系统和水下测量子系统构成.水上主控子系统由工控机、数据传输接口和GPS定位模块组成,实现实时控制、数据处理与记录功能;水下测量子系统由声系、数据采集和传输模块组成,完成水下声波信号数字化及数据上传.水上设备与水下装置间通过电缆建立低速的下行命令信道和高速的上行数据信道,数据通讯采用曼彻斯特编码调制方式.水上计算机通过下传命令实时改变数据采集模块的控制参数,能够在各种环境条件下获得最佳测量效果.实验证明,仪器测量达到预期效果.     

海底底质声学原位测量电路控制系统研究

介绍了一种液压驱动贯入式海底沉积声学原位测量系统的电路控制单元的研究实现过程,以及该控制单元在南海北部海底沉积声学调查中的应用。该电路控制单元以Cortex-A8处理器为核心,集成大容量FLASH存储器,与单片机接口控制板进行串口通讯,实现对声学发射采集单元和机械液压贯入单元的可视化控制和监测。基于该电路控制单元,海底底质声学原位测量系统兼具自容式和在线式两种工作模式,可自容记录或实时采集声学原位测量单元在海底的工作状态数据、海底沉积物声速和声衰减系数等声学特性数据。该声学原位测量系统的实验室联调及南海海试结果表明,使用该电路控制单元对海底底质声学测量过程的监测与控制是有效的,对精确获取海底底质的原位声学特性有重要作用,可以促进海底底质声学原位测量系统的产品化。     

Study on visual control system of acoustic in situ measurement technology for survey of seafloor sediment

Abstract

A new kind of visual acoustic measurement system was developed to obtain the acoustic characteristics of seabed sediment and the working state of in situ measuring equipment in real time. The control unit of the system structure is mainly made up of the underwater control unit and the deck control unit. In comparison with similar traditional systems, the system can transmit the working video image, the measured acoustic data and the waveform synchronous from the underwater control equipment to the deck control unit through the connecting cable. Apart from self-contained in situ measurement, the working modes of it include visual online real-time control. In order to guarantee the stability and measurement precision of the video control system, the process control of in situ measurement was strictly tested in the experimental tank. In 2017, sea trials of the in situ measurement system was carried out in the South China Sea. In the process, data related to measurement, including the acoustic velocity and attenuation coefficient of the seabed sediment, were obtained as well. The results from sea trials show that the control process of the visual system is intuitive, reliable and accurate, and therefore it can be popularized and applied.     

Experimental study of the ballast in situ sediment acoustic measurement system in South China Sea

The mechanical structure, the function modules, the working principles, and a sea trial of the newly developed ballast in situ sediment acoustic measurement system are reported in this study. The system relies on its own weight to insert transducers into seafloor sediments and can accurately measure the penetration depth using a specially designed mechanism. The system comprises of an underwater position monitoring and working status judgment module and has two operation modes: self-contained measurement and real-time visualization. The designed maximum working water depth of the system is 3,000?m, and the maximum measured depth of seafloor sediment is 0.8?m. The system has one transmitting transducer with the transmitting frequency band of 20–35?kHz and three receiving transducers. The in situ acoustic measurement system was tested at 15 stations in the northern South China Sea, and repeated measurements in seawater demonstrated good working performance. Comparison with predictions from empirical equations indicated that the measured speed of sound and attenuation fell within the predicted range and that the in situ measured data were reliable.     

南黄海中部海底沉积物原位声速与物理性质相关关系

基于在南黄海中部获得的海底沉积物原位声速数据,分析讨论了原位声速与密度、含水量、孔隙比、孔隙度等沉积物物理性质参数的相关关系。通过回归分析建立了海底沉积物原位声速预测方程。结果表明,原位声速与上述物理参数之间具有良好的相关性,相关系数r均大于0.93。对比分析了原位声速预测方程与甲板声速预测方程的差异,两者最小相差15.8 m/s,最大相差31.3 m/s,平均差值约为22.6 m/s。将原位声速预测方程与其他研究者建立的声速预测方程进行了对比,结果表明不同声速预测方程存在明显差异,初步分析了存在差异的原因。     

海底浅表层沉积物原位声学测量方法探讨

研究透射式和折射式两类海底沉积声学原位测量方法,通过分析10种海底浅表层沉积物声学原位测量仪器的特征,指出不同声学原位测量技术对沉积物声学特性测量结果的影响。比较黄海海底浅表层沉积声学原位测量数据与实验室测量结果的差异,分析原位声学测量数据普遍小于实验室测量数据的原因,指出原位测量的作用和重要性。探讨指出海底浅表层沉积物原位声学测量所需要配合发展的其他物理性质原位测量技术。     

Research on the sediment acoustic properties based on a water coupled laboratory measurement system

Abstract

The high-frequency acoustic properties of seafloor sediments are very significant in seafloor study and underwater acoustic study field. In order to measure the sound speed and the attenuation for the small-scale sediment cores more accurately, this study developed a water coupled acoustic laboratory measurement system based on Richardson-Briggs technique. This method used the correlation comparison of waveforms received in sediment core and in identical reference tubes filled with water to measure sound speed and attenuation. The sound speed and attenuation of a clayey silt sediment sample were measured using the water coupled acoustic laboratory measurement system. This frequency dependence of the sound speed and attenuation showed that the clayey silt sediment has a weak positive sound speed dispersion, while the attenuation increases with a strong positive gradient within the measurement frequency range. This study also noted that the measured sound speed ratio match well with the empirical equations from literature. The measured attenuation factor data can fall in the Hamilton’s empirical prediction range.     

海底沉积物声衰减同轴差距衰减测量法与其他测量方法的对比研究

以精度较高的现场测量Hamilton的原位测量所得数据为标准,对比研究了钱正明的直立同轴衰减测量法、刘强的垂直轴差距衰减测量法和我们课题组的同轴差距衰减测量法等3种研究海底沉积物声衰减的实验室测量方法。通过3种实验测量方法所得数据跟Hamilton原位测量所得数据进行对比,分析了以上实验室方法的优缺点,并分析了声衰减与样品长度和测量频率的关系。同轴差距衰减测量法与直立同轴衰减测量法相比,前者在消除测量仪器和耦合衰减误差方面,以及在实验样品长度方面更合理。同轴差距衰减测量法与垂直轴差距测量法相比,同轴差距衰减测量法在原理上保证了声波传播能量接收的同轴性和同指向性,其实验数据比利用相同实验仪器的垂直轴差距测量法的数据更准确。