孟津煤矿顺层抽采钻孔合理封孔深度

瓦斯抽采钻孔作为瓦斯抽采的源头,其合理封孔深度直接影响着瓦斯抽采的效果.为了确定适宜孟津煤矿顺层抽采钻孔的合理封孔深度,采用钻屑解吸指标法、钻屑量法测定了卸压区的范围.在卸压区范围的基础上,使用瓦斯运移规律测试装备考察分析了顺层抽采钻孔在不同封孔深度下的轴向瓦斯运移规律,并确定了瓦斯运移负压影响区.最后,根据瓦斯运移负压影响区,确定了孟津煤矿顺层抽采钻孔的合理封孔深度并提出了"抽采钻孔合理封孔深度应超出瓦斯运移负压影响区"的理论.通过在孟津煤矿的现场应用,表明使用该方法确定的合理封孔深度科学、可靠,有效地提高了预抽瓦斯体积分数,进而提高了瓦斯抽采效率;同时,可为其它矿井合理封孔深度的确定提供了分析参考.     

机械式低频轴向振动钻削装置的设计与分析

在深孔的钻削加工过程中,经常会有连续的带状切屑导致断钻事故发生,如果在钻削过程中对切屑进行周期性地断屑,就能有效解决深孔加工过程中断屑排屑困难的问题。设计一种机械式低频轴向振动钻削装置,研究其工作原理、振幅和频率的调整方法以及振动钻削装置的整体结构布局;对振动钻削装置的主要技术参数进行分析计算;利用ANSYS Workbench对其进行刚体动力学仿真分析,并进行振动钻削装置的振动特性试验。结果表明,所设计的钻削装置结构简单,振幅与频率调整方便,能够解决断屑排屑困难的问题,可以有效提高深孔加工质量。     

BTA深孔振动钻削断屑分析

切屑顺利排出是BTA深孔加工的至要环节,是直接影响正常生产的关键问题,而断屑问题的解决是良好排屑的前提条件。对振动钻削断屑进行了理论分析;通过实验,探讨了切屑形态变化与切削参数之间的关系,总结出断屑的最佳切削条件。     

DF深孔钻削系统加工质量的研究

本文以我们在DF深孔钻削试验中已取的效果为依据,对切削速度、进给量及工件材质等参数对加工孔的光洁度、椭圆度及孔扩张量的影响进行了分析研究,其结论对于DF系统的推广应用、加工参数选择及钻削孔的质量控制都具有重要参考价值。     

BTA深孔钻的结构优化及切削仿真分析

BTA深孔钻是一种典型的深孔加工内排屑钻头,刀具结构与刀具角度是影响加工质量与加工效率的重要因素。深孔加工过程中封闭,通过实验的方法优化刀具结构与角度难度较大。采用有限元的方法,用ANSYS软件建立了BTA深孔钻静力及模态三维分析模型,得到了BTA深孔钻变形特点及六阶振型图,为BTA深孔钻钻头结构优化提供参考;采用Advant Edge软件建立了BTA深孔钻各刀齿钻削过程模型,研究了切屑形成过程及刀具角度对切削力、扭矩的影响规律,进而为刀具角度优化提供理论参考。     

小深孔类零件复合挤压成形新工艺试验

传统上采用钻孔方法加工小孔径深孔时，存在排屑困难、钻头易折断等缺陷。本文介绍了用两种材料(一种为填料)复合挤压，挤压完成后将填料除去成形小深孔的新工艺，并通过室温物理模拟挤压试验对挤压比、填料直径等工艺参数进行了探讨，试验结果表明，当选择了合适的挤压比及填料时，该工艺是可行的。它改变了传统孔的加工方法，使孔的加工又有新工艺，另外用此种方法使斜孔、弯孔等复杂类型孔的加工更易实现。     

松砂中螺旋锚上拔承载力及破坏模式数值分析

基于ABAQUS有限元软件,采用耦合欧拉拉格朗日法处理大变形问题,模拟松砂中锚板直径D=0.4 m,最大埋深H=12D,最大锚盘间距S=6D的18个螺旋锚上拔过程.分析锚盘埋深及间隔对上拔承载力及破坏模式的影响,并与已有理论公式进行对比.研究表明:很松状态的砂中,对于单锚盘螺旋锚,当埋深比H/D≤4时,破坏面以倒锥台形开展至地表,滑裂面倾角为5°～10°,将该倾角代入已有理论公式获得的上拔承载力与数值结果接近;当埋深比H/D6时,破坏面局限在地表以下,形似气泡状.对于双锚盘螺旋锚,当锚盘间距比S/D=6时,发生独立破坏模式;当锚盘间距比S/D4时,盘间土体破坏面为整体柱状,锚盘发挥效率较小,上拔承载力降低,因此建议螺旋锚间隔比S/D至少为4.     

精密深孔加工技术的探索与研究

精密深孔加工是精密车削的重要组成部分。精密深孔加工时,特别当孔的直径较小而孔深较深时,加工就更困难,必须对切削刀具和加工工艺采取一系列措施,以改善可加工性。通过对深孔加工刀具深孔麻花钻、枪钻、喷射钻的结构特点、加工原理及加工优势等方面进行分析,在几个加工方法中进行试验与研究,结合零件实际,探索深孔加工方法。通过试验研究,总结出一套在带有深孔钻功能的数控车床上,用枪钻加工孔径范围Φ5-10mm,深径比15-30的深孔加工方法。     

深孔加工关键技术在实际生产中的研究与应用

论述了应用枪钻在自制组合机床上加工深孔的方法。简述了枪钻的工作原理、组成结构,论述了枪钻切削加工深孔的工艺改善过程,包括其主要参数如何通过试验、经数据分析后再调整参数,最后固化工艺及参数。应用实例表明:枪钻具有加工精度高、排屑好的特点,合理应用才能在"小直径深孔加工"方面具有良好的效果。     

深孔镗削中切屑形态与加工条件及加工质量的关系探讨

本文探讨深孔镗削中所获得的切屑形态及其产生这种屑形的刀具几何参数和加工条件,最后讨论了深孔镗削中满意屑形与加工质量的关系.     

Numerical and experimental study of magnetic fluid seal with large sealing gap and multiple magnetic sources

To improve the pressure capability of magnetic fluid seal with more than a 0.25 mm single edge gap, a magnetic fluid sealing structure with multiple magnetic sources which has five permanent magnets was designed. Magnetic field distributions under the pole pieces of the magnetic fluid seal with single and multiple magnetic sources were simulated by finite element method and its sealing pressure difference could be calculated according to the theoretical formula of the magnetic fluid seal. The effects of sealing gap height and magnetic source amount on the sealing capability were investigated experimentally. The theoretical and experimental results were compared, analyzed and discussed. The results demonstrated that the magnetic fluid seal with multiple magnetic sources was an effective method to improve the sealing capability for the rotary shaft with large gaps. The theoretical results agreed well with the experimental results when the height of the single edge gap was equal to 0.4 mm. However, it was found that when the height of the single edge gap was larger than 0.4 mm, the difference between the theoretical values and experimental values increased with the gap height because part of magnetic source had less or even no effect on magnetic fluid sealing capability.     

Influence of blasting on the properties of weak intercalation of a layered rock slope

A precondition for correctly analyzing the stability of a slope and designing its bracing structure is to study and determine the influence of excavation blasting on the properties of weak intercalation in the layered rock slope.On the basis ofin-situ stratifica-tion-cracking blasting tests,the properties of weak intercalation were investigated using the LS-DYNA3D program.The displace-ment distribution and compactness of weak intercalation at different positions away from the charge center and their various laws are discussed.The critical displacement of stratification-cracking (0.1 mm) was obtained,and an approximate expression of compactness were deduced.Furthermore,through the simulation of a layered rock blasting under the same geological conditions,the stratifica-tion-cracking effect of deep-hole blasting on the properties of weak intercalation was compared with that of short-hole blasting,and the influencing differences,in addition to their causes,were analyzed.The results indicated that the blasting cavity of weak intercala-tion in short-hole blasting with a radius of 40 mm was nearly a circle,whose radius was about 28.7 cm;whereas in deep-hole blasting with a radius of 150 mm,the shape of the blasting cavity was different from that in short-hole blasting,the radius of the cavity be-hind the charge (89.1 cm) was further smaller than those of the other three (138.7 cm),and there were sharp crinkles on the surface of weak intercalation.When the distance from the charge center (DCC) was less than 40 and 150 cm in short-hole and deep-hole blast-ing,respectively,the displacement of weak intercalation was reduced remarkably with the increase in DCC.     

齿轮双球样板的设计方法

为了保证加工的齿轮质量,必须使用齿轮样板对齿轮测量仪器进行校准和检验,样板的精度及可溯源性至关重要.基于双球样板的理论基础,提出了双球样板的设计方法,给出了双球样板关键参数的设计公式,分析了双球样板的材料、结构及精度,并以该设计双球样板的方法为指导,研制了模数为2.268 1 mm、齿数40、压力角20°的双球样板,球体材料选用氧化锆,基座选用花岗石制作.经实验测试检测球的圆度为0.19μm,定心球的圆度为0.21μm,测试球心距为42.943 mm,制造的双球样板可以满足校准仪器的要求.     

Spray deposition for making large size billet with swing atomizer

The movement mode of the atomizer is a very important parameter during spray deposition process,which has direct influence on the size and surface texture of the billets. To resolve the problem of manufacturing large size billets,a method of spray deposition by the atomizer with off-center swing was put forward. The atomizer was driven by the alternating current servomotor to swing within 7° at varying speed. The influence of the atomizer parameters,such as translation of the atomizer,swing angle of the atomizer,substrate falling speed and spraying pressure,on the spray deposition was studied. The optimized parameters of the spray deposition process were obtained. The results show that the large size billets with uniform surface quality can be made through adjusting swing frequency and angle of the atomizer,offset distance of the atomizer and inclined angle of the substrate; the valid spray area will decrease and the dimension of top surface will reduce when pressure is less than 0.4 MPa within certain spray distance; meantime,the moving time and cooling time of the droplets are extended,which will lead to loose structure and bad densification. When the pressure,the swing angle and the eccentric offset of the atomization equal 0.5 MPa,7° and 60 mm,respectively,large size billets with fine texture and diameter of 500 mm can be produced.     

急倾斜煤层俯伪斜下保护层开采的卸压范围

以某煤矿急倾斜煤层俯伪斜下保护层开采为工程对象,采用有限元数值计算分析方法,从被保护层的应力和变形2个方面分析了保护层开采对被保护层的卸压程度和卸压保护范围;通过现场观测被保护层瓦斯动力参数变化,确定了被保护层实际的有效保护范围.2种方法得到的结果基本一致.结果表明:该矿井保护层开采后被保护层得到充分保护的倾向上部卸压角为90°、下部为82°,走向超前距离大于20 m,其被保护层卸压范围是一个近似椭圆型的卸压圈,卸压圈椭圆的中心区域是卸压效果最充分的区域,从卸压圈椭圆的中心到边界卸压效果逐渐减弱.     

斯特林机帽式密封性能分析及回归参数优化设计

为改善斯特林机活塞杆帽式密封性能,首先采用数值仿真分析了5 MPa工质压力下其静、动态力学特性,从而获取了O型圈内径尺寸LN、C型环径向壁厚T和装配过盈量S三个关键结构参数对密封性能的影响规律,在此基础上,再利用回归设计法以配伍面最大接触压力平稳且密封可靠为优化目标,对密封结构的上述三个关键参数进行优化设计以确定其最佳匹配方案,最后通过密封试验台验证了本文优化设计方法的准确性和普适性。结果表明：活塞杆与C型环密封面中间区域上最大接触压力随LN和S的增大而增大,但随T的增大而减小;通过估计回归系数和方差分析（ANOVA）发现,LN对密封性能影响最为显著、S次之、T影响最小;LN和T、LN和S交互项对响应显著,而T和S交互项对响应不显著;当LN为13.745 mm、T为0.40 mm和S为0.020 mm时,优化密封件对应的正行程最大接触压力为9.01 MPa、回程为9.75 MPa,较工程在用密封件（LN=13.78 mm、T=0.5 mm、S=0 mm）最大接触压力分别降低了14.7%和25.5%;实验进一步验证了优化密封件的密封性能和使用寿命均优于工程在用密封件,并且在不同工质压力下优化密封件的接触压力均匀性更好,减摩延寿效果明显,充分证明本文性能分析与优化设计方法准确有效。     

Ultimately exposed roof area prediction of bauxite deposit goaf based on macro joint damage

The ultimately exposed roof area(UERA) of goaf is crucial to the safety and economics of underground mining. The prediction models do not consider the mechanical weakness of rock mass and ignore the influence of the joint damage factor, causing a large predicted exposure area with a high roof falling risk.This work adopted joint damage factor to derive a new UERA prediction model. The relationships between the UERA(S) and the span ratio(m), the density(k) and the diameter of fracture(d) were analysed by the new prediction model. The results showed that the exposed area S and the span ratio m have a U-shaped curve relationship. The S decreases with the increase of m and then increases when m is beyond 2. The exposed roof area S is in an inversely proportional power-law relationship with the fracture surface density k, and the curvature of the S-k relationship curve decreases when d = 0.5 and k 7,and S is close to 0. There is a negative correlation between S and the fracture surface diameter d, the curvature of the S-d curve decreases with the increase of d and k, and the variation rate increases first and then decreases with the increase of d; when k = 0.5 and d 9, S is close to 0. The predicted values of the UERA prediction model are 119.3, 112.8, and 114.6 m~2 with different joint damage parameters, which are slightly smaller than the actual critical exposure area of a roof(S = 120 m~2). The case study shows that the alternative prediction model is reasonable and acceptable and provides new theoretical support for the underground mining safety of sedimentary bauxite ore.     

Phenomenon of methane driven caused by hydraulic fracturing in methane-bearing coal seams

The methane concentration of the return current will always be enhanced to a certain degree when hydraulic fracturing with bedding drilling is implemented to a gassy coal seam in an underground coal mine. The methane in coal seam is driven out by hydraulic fracturing. Thus, the phenomenon is named as methane driven effect of hydraulic fracturing. After deep-hole hydraulic fracturing at the tunneling face of the gassy coal seam, the coal methane content exhibits a ‘‘low-high-low" distribution along excavation direction in the following advancing process, verifying the existence of methane driven caused by hydraulic fracturing in methane-bearing coal seam. Hydraulic fracturing causes the change of pore-water and methane pressure in surrounding coal. The uneven distribution of the pore pressure forms a pore pressure gradient. The free methane migrates from the position of high pore(methane) pressure to the position of low pore(methane) pressure. The methane pressure gradient is the fundamental driving force for methane-driven coal seam hydraulic fracturing. The uneven hydraulic crack propagation and the effect of time(as some processes need time to complete and are not completed instantaneously) will result in uneven methane driven. Therefore, an even hydraulic fracturing technique should be used to avoid the negative effects of methane driven; on the other hand, by taking fully advantage of methane driven, two technologies are presented.     

深孔有压隧洞平板闸门小开度闸后水力特性及 改善措施试验研究

深孔有压隧洞平板闸门小开度运行时,闸后水流侧收缩现象比较严重,流态较为复杂,需要采取一定的工程措施来改善闸后水流流态。基于物理模型试验与理论分析相结合的方法研究了不同导流坎坎高下的闸后水力特性。结果表明:闸后水流侧收缩现象随导流坎坎高的增加而减小,闸后水流水舌高度和水舌长度明显降低且底板负压基本消失,压强分布趋于均匀。但闸室导流坎坎高的增加对过流能力有一定影响,相对平底闸室,闸下过流能力随导流坎坎高的增加而减小,为避免影响过流能力,导流坎坎高不宜太大。     

废线路板电子元器件高效拆解熔焊效率影响因素研究

针对废线路板资源化处理,采用结合拆卸元器件的回收方式,以空气作为熔焊加热介质,采用数值模拟的方式,以流体分析软件FLUENT为工具,研究了熔焊时热风温度、速度和喷嘴(即热风出口)的结构尺寸对加热效率和焊点附近温度场分布的影响.研究发现,最佳热风温度范围为200～230℃,最佳热风速度在7 m/s左右;喷嘴结构尺寸对加热效率和焊点附近的温度场分布产生影响;喷嘴距线路板30 mm时,合理的喷嘴尺寸为喷嘴上底直径D在9 mm左右,喷嘴α角在20°～30°之间,喷嘴高度h在4 mm左右.