针叶树越冬针叶光氧化与叶绿体超氧阴离子自由基

以Tiron为自旋探针,检出了越冬针叶叶绿体指示超氧阴离子自由基产生的TH~·ESR信号。此信号可由紫外辐射,也可由光合有效辐射产生。以单位叶绿素量为基数计算的信号强度比已报道的其它植物材料大2～3个数量级。红松叶绿体信号又大于其它针叶树。此信号可被外源SOD,抗坏血酸、乙醇和N_2抑制;随光照增加而增强,12月到次年5月期间又随时间而增强。上述结果表明红松针叶的冬季光氧化伤害与叶绿体中过量超氧阴离子自由基的产生有关。     

用电子自旋共振（ESR）研究肾缺血移植和再灌注过程产生的自由基

在低温（－１００℃）用ＥＳＲ检测和分析了大鼠肾缺血,移植和再灌注过程中出现的ＥＳＲ信号,发现在体（ｉｎｖｉｖｏ）肾缺血１小时再灌注２分钟肾组织除了出现ｇ＝２．００４０的醌类自由基以及ｇ＝１．９３７０和ｇ＝１．９７３０处与过渡金属离子有关的信号外,在低场区又出现一个很明显的信号（ｇ＝２．０８１２）,该信号的位置同及ＬＯＯ．的ｇ     

干旱胁迫对红松幼苗针叶超微结构的影响

在土壤逐渐失水和ＰＥＧ溶液模拟的两种不同形式的干旱胁迫下,红松松苗针叶细胞中叶绿体和线粒体超微结构的变化呈现出显的差异。在土壤干旱胁迫 绿体的片层结构发生严重的扭曲并在中央部分形成电子密度较高的黑色团块物质。ＰＥＧ模拟的干旱胁迫下,叶绿体,空泡化明显,但在叶绿体的中央没有黑色团块物质的形成。在土壤干旱胁迫下,线粒体的数量增多, 明显减少,基质为得十分稀薄。可见两种东同方式的干埋胁迫处理下,细胞结     

干旱胁迫对红松幼苗针叶超微结构的影响

在土壤逐渐失水和PEG溶液模拟的两种不同形式的干旱胁迫下,红松幼苗针叶细胞中叶绿体和线粒体超微结构的变化呈现出显著的差异。在土壤干旱胁迫下,叶绿体的片层结构发生严重的扭曲并在中央部分形成电子密度较高的黑色团块物质。PEG模拟的干旱胁迫下,叶绿体肿胀,空泡化明显,但在叶绿体的中央没有黑色团块物质的形成。在土壤干旱胁迫后,线粒体的膜结构仍然完整清晰,基质比胁迫前更为浓厚,而PEG溶液的干旱胁迫下,线粒体的数量增多,嵴明显减少,基质变得十分稀薄。可见两种不同方式的干旱胁迫处理下,细胞结构的损伤机制及损伤后产生的生理意义并不完全相同。     

用电子自旋共振（ESR）研究肾缺血移植和再灌注过程产生的自由基

在低温（－１００℃）用ＥＳＲ检测和分析了大鼠肾缺血,移植和再灌注过程中出现的ＥＳＲ信号,发现在体（ｉｎｖｉｖｏ）肾缺血１小时再灌注２分钟肾组织除了出现ｇ＝２．００４０的醌类自由基以及ｇ＝１．９３７０和ｇ＝１．９７３０处与过渡金属离子有关的信号外,在低场区又出现一个很明显的信号（ｇ＝２．０８１２）,该信号的位置同及ＬＯＯ．的ｇ     

γ射线辐照嘧啶核苷水溶液的电子自旋共振（ESR）研究

亚硝基特丁烷（ＭＮＲ）为捕集剂,利用自旋捕集技术,对γ射线辐照嘧啶苷水溶液进行了ＥＳＲ研究,确定了胸苷、尿苷和胞苷可产生的自肇捕集自由基的类别,并讨论了自由基形成的机制。     

含硒银杏叶清除羟基自由基的ESR研究

利用电子自旋共振技术(ESR)研究了含硒银杏叶提取物对H_2O_2-Fe~(2 )体系产生的羟基自由基的清除作用.与SOD、茶多酚相比,含硒银杏叶提取物对羟基自基也有很强的清除效果.增添了有实用价值的天然、无公害的清除羟基自由基的新资源.     

辽宁金牛山遗址牙釉质样品的电子自旋共振（ESR）测年研究

本文报告金牛山五个牙化石样品的ＥＳＲ法和铀系法对比测年的结果,两者很接近,为２３万年左右。文中着重讨论了ＥＳＲ测年中：简单指数拟合求累积剂量的困难,α射线相对效率和氡逸失系数的实验测定以及选择关于铀加入模式的指导思想等问题,最后探讨了牙釉质样品ＥＳＲ测年的可靠性与应用前景。     

无氧状态下产生的活性自由基中间体的ESR检测

在药物及有害物质的自由基代谢机理研究中,经常需要弄清生物体系反应的引发或中间过程,而避免氧气进入反应体系进一步作用是观察反应中间产物的必要条件。酶及其自由基代谢过程的电子自旋共振(ESR)研究通常采用两种技术,即连续流动法和低温     

凉水国家自然保护区天然红松种群遗传多样性在时间尺度上变化的cpSSR分析

应用叶绿体微卫星（cpSSR）技术对凉水国家自然保护区天然红松种群的遗传多样性在时间尺度上的变化进行了遗传分析。共选择121个树龄在1 581~1 900年间的红松个体,连续分为6个龄级。从6对叶绿体SSR引物筛选出两对引物,共检测到7个位点,其中多态位点5个,多态位点比率为71.43%。利用POPGENE分析软件计算了红松各龄级内的遗传多样性指数,分析了遗传多样性在红松各龄级间的变化。研究结果表明,凉水保护区内的红松遗传多样性在这320年间没有发生太大的波动,龄级间遗传多样性分化不明显,红松遗传多样性主要存在于龄级内。     

干旱胁迫对红松幼苗保护酶活性及脂质过氧化作用的影响

随着土壤的逐渐干旱,红松（Ｐｉｎｕｓ ｋｏｒａｉｅｎｓｉｓ Ｓｉｅｂ．ｅｔ．Ｚｕｃｃ）幼苗叶中膜质过氧化产物丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量和膜相对透性均在干旱处理后第３天迅速上升;组织自动氧化速率先是增加,在干旱处理第３天后恢复到处理前水平。保护酶ＳＯＤ、ＰＯＤ、ＣＡＴ的活性明显提高,只有ＡＳＰ的活性下降。用ＰＥＧ模拟干旱胁迫与土壤自然干旱胁迫结果略有不同,－１．０ＭＰａ ＰＥＧ溶液对红松幼苗具有较为明显的     

Electron spin resonance of vanadium in Amanita muscaria

Electron spin resonance shows that vanadium(IV) is present as the same compound in the skin, gills, volva and flesh of the fungus Amanita muscaria.     

Electron spin resonance studies of chromanoxyl radicals derived from tocopherols

Electron spin resonance measurements were performed for the chromanoxyl radicals obtained from -, β-, γ-, δ-tocopherol, tocol and their model compounds by oxidizing the phenol precursors with PbO₂ in toluene. The proton hyperfine coupling constants were determined, and the ‘experimental’ spin densities were evaluated from the hyperfine coupling constants. From the results, the methyl-substitution effects on the unpaired spin distribution and molecular structure of the chromanoxyl radicals have been studied.     

不同CO2浓度下长白山3种树木幼苗的光合特性

选取长白山针叶树红松 (Pinuskoraiensis)、长白赤松 (Pinussylvestriformis)和阔叶树水曲柳(Fraxinusmandshurica)幼苗为研究对象 ,以开顶箱的方式控制CO2 浓度为 5 0 0和 70 0 μmol·mol-1,经过 3个生长季CO2 处理后 ,分别测定了 3个树种的 3年生幼苗在高浓度CO2 和大气CO2 浓度下的光合特性 .结果表明 ,前两个生长季高浓度CO2 处理增强了 3个树种幼苗的光合能力 ;不同树种在相同CO2 浓度下 ,最大净光合速率及光响应参数值不同 ;第 3个生长季 ,除 5 0 0 μmol·mol-1CO2 下生长的长白赤松外 ,各树种的幼苗在高浓度CO2 下并未发生“光合驯化”现象 ;最大净光合速率及光响应参数值随CO2 处理时间的延长有不同幅度的增减 ;高浓度CO2 改变了树木幼苗对强光和弱光的利用能力 .     

不同纬度阔叶红松林红松径向生长对气候因子的响应

运用树木年轮气候学方法,研究了不同纬度阔叶红松林红松径向生长趋势及其与气候因子的关系,以期揭示不同纬度红松径向生长对气候因子响应的差异以及气候变化影响下红松的动态特征、适应性及敏感性.结果表明: 不同纬度红松径向生长对当地气候因子的响应存在差异,最南部的白石砬子自然保护区红松径向生长与生长季的平均相对湿度呈显著正相关,与平均最高气温呈显著负相关.中部的长白山自然保护区的低海拔区域红松径向生长与生长季的水分因子(降水、相对湿度和帕尔默干旱指数PDSI)呈显著正相关,而与平均最高气温呈显著负相关;凉水自然保护区红松径向生长与生长季的水分因子(相对湿度和PDSI)呈显著正相关,与气温因子(平均气温和平均最高气温)呈显著负相关.而最北部的胜山自然保护区红松径向生长则与大部分月份的气温因子呈显著正相关.当年6月气候因子是影响所有纬度红松径向生长的关键气候因子,4个样地都与当年6月平均最高气温呈显著负相关.在气温不断上升的近40年,最南部的红松径向生长呈显著下降趋势,最北部呈显著上升趋势,中部的变化不显著.如果未来气温升高而降水不变,红松分布区可能缩小.     

Outer membrane of Salmonella typhimurium. Electron spin resonance studies

The supramolecular structure of the outer membrane of Salmonella typhimurium that produces an Rc-type lipopolysaccharide was studied by adding spin-labeled fatty acid probes to membranes as well as model bilayers. Lipopolysaccharide of this organism apparently formed a bilayer structure in 0.2 M NaCl/0.01 M MgCl₂, and the electron spin resonance spectra suggested that the motion of the segments of hydrocarbon chains near the carboxyl end was quite restricted even at high temperature; this is presumably due to the anchoring of more than a dozen fatty acid residues to a single backbone structure. In the presence of Mg²⁺, we could produce lipopolysaccharide-phospholipid mixed bilayers containing up to 50% (by weight) lipopolysaccharide. Their spectra showed no sign of major heterogeneity, and the maximum hypertine splitting values were considerably larger than in phospholipid-only liposomes; these results suggest that the two components are finely interspersed and that the mobility of phospholipid hydrocarbons in severely restricted by the hydrocarbon chains of lipopolysaccharide. In spite of the presence of lipopolysaccharide in an amount equal to or exceeding that of phospholipids, the outer membrane produced spectra remarkably similar to those of the inner membrane, which does not contain lipopolysaccharide, and there was little sign of immobilization by lipopolysaccharides. Signals corresponding to the pure lipopolysaccharide phase were not detected, either. These results suggest that the phospholipids and lipopolysaccharides are segregated into separate domains in the outer membrane, and the fatty acid probes enter almost exclusively into the phospholipid domains. This conclusion was fully corroborated by determining, through the exchange broadening of line width, the total area of the domains that accommodated the spin label probes.     

Electron spin resonance evidence for the formation of free radicals in plants exposed to ozone

Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy was used to demonstrate that free radicals are formed in O₃-fumigated plant leaves prior to the formation of visible leaf injury. ESR signals with a g-value of 2.0037 to 2.0043, were observed in pea ( Pisum sativum L. cv. Feltham first) and bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Pinto) plants that had been fumigated for 4 h with 70–300 nl l⁻¹ of ozone after they had been treated with the spin-trap N- t -butyl-α-phenylnitrone (PBN). The size of the ESR signals increased with the concentration of ozone used but the nature of the trapped radicals could not be identified. However, further experiments using an inhibitor of ethylene biosynthesis, arninoethoxyvinyl glycine (AVG), showed that the reaction between ozone and ethylene is the cause for ozone toxicity.     

Electron spin resonance study of the isolated lipid components from Blastocladiella emersonii zoospores

The physical properties of the plasma membrane of the aquatic phycomycete Blastocladiella emersonii were investigated, in particular the effects of cations on membrane structure. Intact zoospores and lipid extracts were labelled with the spin-labels 5-nitroxystearate (5-NS), 12-nitroxystearate (12-NS), and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (Tempo). Electron spin resonance spectroscopy indicated a total of three breaks in plots of the hyperfine splitting parameter, 2T_|, order parameter, S, and the partition coefficient, f, vs. temperature. The first and third break points (T_L and T_H) were found to be independent of the external K⁺, Ca²⁺, or Mg²⁺ concentrations. They were similar to the break points found in aqueous dispersions of lipid extracts and correlate well with the temperature limits for zoospore viability. In contrast, the middle break point (T_M) was markedly influenced by the external Ca²⁺ concentration. Ca²⁺ increased T_M from 12°C (no Ca²⁺ added) to 22°C (10 mM Ca²⁺), i.e., growth temperature. K⁺ reversed this Ca²⁺ effect, downshifting T_M from 22°C to 10°C. A comparison of the physico-chemical effects of these ions on the membrane, as revealed by the cation-induced shift in T_M, is closely correlated with the temperature dependence and physiological effects of cations on zoospore differentiation. This suggests that cations may modify the physical state of the plasma membrane and be involved in regulating the initial changes during zoospore encystment.     

基于线性混合效应的红松人工林枝条生物量模型

基于黑龙江省孟家岗林场60株红松解析木3643个枝条生物量的实测数据,利用全部子回归技术建立了枝条生物量模型(枝、叶和枝总生物量模型),最终选择lnw=k₁+k₂lnL_b+k₃lnD_b为枝条生物量最优基础模型.利用SAS 9.3统计软件的PROC MIXED模块建立枝条生物量混合模型,并采用AIC、BIC、对数似然值和似然比等统计指标评价不同模型的拟合效果.结果表明: 红松解析木的叶和枝总生物量混合模型以k₁、k₂、k₃作为随机效应参数的拟合效果最好,而枝生物量混合模型以k₁、k₂作为随机效应参数的拟合效果最好.最后将枝条生物量最优基础模型与最优混合模型进行模型检验.混合模型各项指标优于基础模型,能有效地提高模型的预估精度,并且通过方差协方差结构校正随机参数来反映树木之间的差异.