猪苓子实体发育的形态学研究

目的研究猪苓子实体的发育过程,揭示猪苓的生活史。方法采用石蜡切片,光学显微镜观察;超薄切片,电子显微镜观察。结果猪苓子实体由三系菌丝体组成,即生殖菌丝、骨架菌丝和联络菌丝。骨架菌丝的细胞壁显著加厚;联络菌丝除多分枝外,内壁常内折形成不规则形态。同时对猪苓担孢子发育的形态也进行了观察和讨论。结论在猪苓子实体不同发育阶段,三系菌丝是其主要组成部分。     

猪苓栽培技术的研究

猪苓[Polyporus umbellatus(Pers)-Fr]为多孔菌科植物猪苓的菌核体,为常用中药,具有利尿渗湿的功效。近代研究证明,猪苓对癌症有抑制和治疗作用,故而用药量逐年增大。猪苓原为野生,多分布于温带、暖温带落叶阔叶林中。随着我国医药卫生事业的发展,野生猪苓资源的减少,对其进行人工栽培日益受到重视。我县从1981年开展猪苓人工栽培技术的研究,现将结果报告如下: 试验地点及环境试验在野生资源丰富的陇州山林区进     

北冬虫夏草子实体培养条件的探索

目的模拟自然条件刺激的方法诱导北虫草产生子实体。方法利用正交设计的方法培养北虫草子实体。结果找到了培养子实体的比较合适的温度、湿度、光照时间、昼夜温差、接种量、营养液比例等条件,并发现了植物激素玉米素、吲哚乙酸有加快子实体生长及增加子实体多糖含量的作用。结论该方法缩短了北虫草子实体的培养周期。     

菌藻类中药临床应用浅析

以菌类、藻类入药的药材，称为菌藻类中药。菌、藻类药物是低等植物，其植物体是单细胞或多细胞的叶状体，没有高等植物根、茎、叶、花、果实的区别，在饮片也观察不到上述特征。藻类药大多生长在水中，如昆布、海藻等；菌类药为真菌的子实体(如马勃、灵芝)或菌核体(如猪苓、茯苓、雷丸)。菌藻类药物多含有淀粉、单糖类、多糖类和粘液质、氨基酸、蛋白质等。现就同种常见的菌藻类中药作以浅述。     

忍冬木层孔菌子实体29种微量元素分析

目的：分析忍冬木层孔菌子实体微量元素含量,为忍冬木层孔菌用药安全提供依据。方法用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定忍冬木层孔菌子实体及其寄主水马桑中29种微量元素的含量。结果忍冬木层孔菌子实体中重金属元素Pb含量为3.36μg/g,Cu含量为9.68μg/g,As含量为1.38μg/g,Cd未检出。忍冬木层孔菌子实体中微量元素与寄主水马桑中微量元素基本成正相关。结论忍冬木层孔菌子实体中Pb〈5μg/g、Cu〈20μg/g、As〈2.0μg/g、Cd〈0.3μg/g,符合药用植物及制剂进出口绿色行业标准的限量标准。     

香菇菌多糖对小鼠体内淋巴细胞转化的影响

香菇不仅可以食用,而且可以入药。我国真菌入药已有二千多年的历史,菌类的药理研究在本世纪三十年代就有报道。七十年代以来,就香菇菌而言,对其化学组成、药理作用、抗感染、抗病毒、抑制肿瘤生长、干扰素诱导作用等进行了研究。我们从研究香菇菌增强免疫功能作用出发,在巨噬细胞吞噬试验和 E 玫瑰花形成实验的基础上,采用香菇菌二种多糖提取液,即菌丝多糖和子实体多糖,自行设计动物体内淋巴细胞转化方法,以观察香菇菌多糖对小鼠 T 淋巴细胞转化的影响。材料与方法一、材料:1.香菇菌菌丝多糖(批号831216),香菇菌子实     

对灵芝开发利用的几点体会

目的：探讨灵芝子实体有效成份的提取及其实用性。方法：本实验对灵芝的子实体进行了醇浸提取，并以提取出的灵芝原液配制成口服液，作了毒性检验及各种理化测试。结果：证明了灵芝子实体提取的可行性和实用性，并确定了提取方法。在实验过程中解决了菌被韧性强，接种难的难点问题，并进行了灵芝斜面培养基的筛选。结论：经醇水提取，灵芝具有很高的药用及保健价值。     

斜生褐孔菌菌质对链脲佐菌素诱导的2型糖尿病大鼠的影响

目的 研究人工发酵的斜生褐孔菌菌质对链脲佐菌素（STZ）致2型糖尿病大鼠的影响,并与野生斜生褐孔菌菌核进行比较。方法 高糖、高脂饲料饲养SD大鼠6周,单次ip给予STZ 35 mg/kg制备2型糖尿病模型。将模型大鼠随机分成模型组、斜生褐孔菌菌质（菌质）1 g/kg组、野生斜生褐孔菌菌核（菌核）1 g/kg组和盐酸二甲双胍（0.2 g/kg）阳性对照组。连续ig给药10周后,检测各组大鼠体质量以及空腹血糖、胰岛素、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、血清游离脂肪酸（FFA）、总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（LDL-C）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）等水平,并进行口服葡萄糖耐量实验（OGTT）。结果 给药10周后,与模型组比较,菌质组和菌核组大鼠的体质量明显增加（P＜0.05）,血糖明显降低（P＜0.05）,血清FFA、TC、TG和MDA水平下降（P＜0.05）,SOD、GSH-Px水平升高（P＜0.05）;菌质组与菌核组的上述指标无显著差异。结论 斜生褐孔菌菌质能缓解STZ致2型糖尿病大鼠症状,具有降低血糖、调节血脂、改善氧化应激的作用,且作用强度与野生斜生褐孔菌菌核相当。     

粗毛纤孔菌对寒凝血瘀证大鼠血液流变学的影响及谱效关系分析

目的：观察粗毛纤孔菌子实体对寒凝血瘀证大鼠血液流变学的影响,探讨粗毛纤孔菌的活血化瘀作用。方法：Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组、血瘀模型组、阳性对照组和低、高剂量粗毛纤孔菌子实体（S1~S6）组,共15组,每组12只。各组大鼠连续灌给药7d（正常对照组和模型组大鼠给予蒸馏水）,除正常对照组外,其余各组大鼠均注射盐酸肾上腺素和浸入冰水中造成寒凝血瘀证模型。检测大鼠血液流变学指标,并进行谱效分析。结果：寄生于不同树种的粗毛纤孔菌的黄色子实体（S3~S6）均具有改善寒凝血瘀证模型大鼠血液流变学作用,与模型组比较,高剂量粗毛纤孔菌黄色子实体组大鼠血浆黏度和全血黏度均降低（P<0.05）。粗毛纤孔菌的黑色子实体（S1和S2）具有与黄色子实体相似的功效,但与模型组比较,粗毛纤孔菌黑色子实体组大鼠血液流变学指标无明显变化（P>0.05）。谱效分析,11个色谱峰对应的成分与大鼠血浆黏度变化密切相关,相关系数均>0.8;经鉴定,其中4个化合物为phellibaumin A、phelligridin C（反式）、phelligridin D和3'4'-dihydroxy-5-[（11-hydroxyphenyl）-6,7-vinyl]-3,5-dioxa-fluoren-5-one。结论：寄生于不同树种的粗毛纤孔菌的黄色子实体均可以降低大鼠血浆黏度和全血黏度,具有活血化瘀作用。     

野生鸡枞菌子实体氨基酸组成比较

目的 比较和分析3种野生鸡菌子实体氨基酸组成与药用价值。方法 3种野生鸡菌子实体用盐酸水解后,采用日立L-8800型氨基酸自动分析仪测定。结果 3种野生鸡菌子实体中18种氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸及药效氨基酸含量分别为13.62%～25.53%, 6.50%～10.25% 和 9.29%～16.64%。结论 3种野生鸡子实体在医疗和营养保健上都有较高的研究价值。      

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Notes for contributors to Journal of Nanjing Medical University

Journal of Nanjing Medical University (English Edition) JNMU, sponsored by Nanjing Medical University, was established in 1987. It is a bimonthly comprehensive English medical journal published locally and abroad.Since 2007, Journal of Nanjing Medical University (English Edition )was granted Elsevier the full publishing and distribution rights worldwide for the Electronic Edition, excluding the People's Republic of China.