Intelligent measurement in clinical medicine — Analysis and examples

The paper analyses the concepts of intelligent measurement and instrumentation in relation to artificial intelligence. It describes examples of the application of intelligent measurement in clinical medicine: in particular, inferential measurement, the learning of patterns and measurement interpretation and its use in decision support in the total medical information system.     

Model-based Type B uncertainty evaluations of measurement towards more objective evaluation strategies

This article proposes a more objective Type B evaluation. This can be achieved when Type B uncertainty evaluations are model-based. This implies, however, grey-box modelling and validation instead of white-box modelling and validation which are appropriate for Type A evaluation.     

Laser applications in clinical medicine

Laser energy sources have been used in a wide range of clinical applications over the last decade to obtain cutting, coagulation, and denaturization of tissue. The therapeutic effect depends on complex interaction among the optical and thermal properties of tissue and damage accumulation. In applications where localized white coagulum is required, there are trade-offs between continuous activation using a large spot size and repetitive pulses with a small spot size as well as between a highly scattered, deep penetration source and a highly absorbed, shallow penetration laser source. For applications involving ablation of tissue, high intensity, pulsed, shallow penetration sources have many advantages over continuously activated penetrating sources. In this article, the range of applications is reviewed with particular attention to the underlying physical phenomena that influence the choice of treatment parameters.     

生物芯片及其在临床医学中的应用

本文介绍了生物芯片的基本概念,讨论了几种类型的生物芯片的现状及生物芯片在临床医学中的若干应用     

功能性磁共振成像的应用和发展前景

功能性磁共振成像(functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging,fMRI)是当代医学影像技术应用于脑神经科学研究最为迅速的领域之一。本文首先简要介绍功能性磁共振成像的基本原理,然后着重叙述该技术在临床和基础研究中的应用和发展前景。     

基于模型定义的工艺信息建模及应用

为实现基于模型定义技术在工艺设计中的应用,考虑零件制造的中间状态,以工序MBD模型为基本单位,通过加工特征将几何信息与工艺信息相结合,建立了面向工艺的MBD模型。然后以工序模型为载体,建立MBD的零件工艺信息模型。采用多视图方法,分别将三维标注信息按照专业类型和工艺规划过程进行划分和管理,并将工序模型进一步划分为实体层、扩展层和应用层。以一个工艺信息实例说明了基于模型定义的工艺信息建模在三维工艺规划系统中的应用。     

Model-based fault diagnosis in continuous dynamic systems

Traditional fault detection and isolation methods are based on quantitative models which are sometimes difficult and costly to obtain. In this paper, qualitative bond graph (QBG) reasoning is adopted as the modeling scheme to generate a set of qualitative equations. The QBG method provides a unified approach for modeling engineering systems, in particular, mechatronic systems. An input-output qualitative equation derived from QBG formalism performs continuous system monitoring. Fault diagnosis is activated when a discrepancy is observed between measured abnormal behavior and predicted system behavior. Genetic algorithms (GA's) are then used to search for possible faulty components among a system of qualitative equations. In order to demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm, we have tested it on a laboratory scale servo-tank liquid process rig. Results of the proposed model-based fault detection and diagnosis algorithm for the process rig are presented and discussed.     

基于模型的位姿估计中优化方法研究

介绍了基于模型的位姿估计中所使用的一些优化方法.为了提高位姿估计的精度,摄像机的标定参数必须足够精确,这就对标定过程的非线性优化算法提出了很高的要求,采用了一种新的优化目标函数,用来最小化控制点间的三维重建误差,从而使标定参数是全局最优;在双像机位姿估计中,引入了实时遗传算法进行全局搜索,加快了算法的收敛速度.最后的实验证明了这些方法的正确性并显示出这些方法在精度上比传统方法有了较大程度的提高.     

秦氏模型虚拟仪器及在石油振动筛测试中的应用

介绍了秦氏模型的思想和秦氏模型虚拟仪器的特点，以一台基于秦氏模型的虚拟式波形显示器与数据记录仪的开发为例，阐明这种虚拟仪器的开发方法和过程。最后给出一个对石油振动筛进行实测的应用例。     

基于模型诊断中计算碰集的方法

基于模型诊断是为了克服传统故障诊断方法的缺点而兴起的一项新型的智能推理技术.人们已经建立了基于模型诊断与本原蕴涵/蕴涵式的直接关系.这里论证了极小碰集与本原蕴涵/蕴涵式的关系.提出了碰集计算方法-NEWHS-tree,指出该算法需要搜索的结点数比Greiner的HS-DAG算法需要搜索的结点数大大减少,而且能够处理多故障诊断问题,而Slagle等学者提出的算法不能处理多故障诊断问题.     

Model-based identification of two cracks in a rotor system

The dynamics and diagnostics of cracked rotor have been gaining importance in recent years. Relatively few authors have addressed the problem of multi crack assessment for rotors. In the present study a model-based method is proposed for the on-line identification of two cracks in a rotor. The fault-induced change of the rotor system is taken into account by equivalent loads in the mathematical model. The equivalent loads are virtual forces and moments acting on the linear undamaged system to generate a dynamic behaviour identical to the measured one of the damaged system. The rotor has been modelled using finite element method, while the cracks are considered through local flexibility changes. The cracks have been identified for their depths and locations on the shaft. The nature and symptoms of the fault, that is crack, are ascertained using the FFT.     

近年来红外光谱在临床医药学中的应用新进展

本文对近年来红外光谱在临床医药学应用中的新进展进行综述。叙述(1)微量样品红外光谱测定的前处理;(2)红外光谱在药品质量检测方面的应用。例如中药材的检测、西药及其制剂的检测;(3)红外光谱在临床疾病诊断方面的应用。例如冠心病、糖尿病、各种癌症的诊断;(4)红外光谱联用技术的应用。例如GC-FTIR、HPCL-FTIR、TCL-FTIR、HPTCL-FTIR等。为药物质量控制、临床诊断提供参考。     

Model-based fault detection and isolation in steer-by-wire vehicle using sliding mode observer

Steer-by-Wire system (SbW), in which the conventional mechanical linkages between the steering wheel and the front wheel are removed, is suited to active steering control, improving vehicle stability, dynamics and maneuverability. And SbW is implemented to autonomous steering control to assist the driver. However, the SbW vehicle contains unsolved important problems about fault tolerant function. For example, it is the detection of sensor fault and multiplicative fault simultaneously. Fault detection and isolation (FDI) is essential in fault-tolerant problems, and conventional FDI for SbW was based on Kalman filter. But this method has weak robustness and cannot detect sensor fault and multiplicative fault simultaneously. We propose a novel model-based fault detection and isolation method using sliding mode observer in the SbW vehicle, which contains measurement of sensor fault and multiplicative fault. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulations. This paper was recommended for publication in revised form by Associate Editor Kyoungsu Yi Jae-Sung Im was born in Busan, Korea in 1978. He received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Mechanical Engineering from Pukyong National University, Korea, in 2003 and 2005, respectively. He then received his Ph.D. degree from Kumamoto University, Japan, in 2009. His interests are in vehicle dynamics, robust control, fault detection and isolation, and man-machine interface. Fuminori Ozaki received the B.S. and M.S. degrees from the Department of Computer Science, Kumamoto University, Japan, in 1998 and 2000. In 2000, he joined OMRON Corporation, Kyoto, Japan, where he developed semiconductor manufacturing equipment. His current interests include EPS control and KANSEI engineering. Tae-Kyeong Yue received the B.S. and M.S. degrees from Pukyong National University, Korea, in 1998 and 2000, respectively. He received the Ph.D. degree from Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan in 2003. He is working in the Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute (KORDI), Korea. His interests are fault detection and isolation, decentralized control and control of deep-sea mining system. Shigeyasu Kawaji received his Master of Engineering in Electrical Engineering and Doctor of Engineering in Control Engineering from Kumamoto University and Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan, in 1969 and 1980, respectively. He joined the Department of Electronic Engineering of Kumamoto University, Japan, where he is presently as a full professor. He is the Director of System Integration Laboratory. He is presently the President of Advanced Health Laboratory Ltd. His current research interest includes robust control, intelligent control mechatronics and robotics, fusion of medicine and engineering, and automotive mechatronic systems.     

基于模型的车灯控制系统快速设计与实现

以MATLAB软件为平台,研究基于模型的嵌入式软件开发方法.利用Simulink和Stateflow软件对车灯控制系统进行建模与仿真.仿真成功后,对不同的硬件平台直接生成代码,编译下载进行验证与对比分析.实验结果表明：软件代码在目标系统上运行良好,基于模型的方法可针对不同的平台快速进行嵌入式系统的软件开发.     

动态系统基于模型诊断的研究进展与展望

基于模型诊断是为了克服传统故障诊断方法的缺点而兴起的一项新型的智能推理技术,其应用也越来越广泛.介绍了动态系统基于模型诊断的诊断过程,综述了建模诊断方法、时序基于模型诊断方法.通过与静态诊断的比较,指出动态系统基于模型诊断的各种定义及其研究意义,并指出有待解决的问题.     

动态系统基于模型诊断的研究进展与展望

基于模型诊断是为了克服传统故障诊断方法的缺点而兴起的一项新型的智能推理技术,其应用也越来越广泛.介绍了动态系统基于模型诊断的诊断过程,综述了建模诊断方法、时序基于模型诊断方法.通过与静态诊断的比较,指出动态系统基于模型诊断的各种定义及其研究意义,并指出有待解决的问题.     

Model-based techniques for the testing and diagnosis of micro-manufacturing devices and machines

One of the main difficulties in developing a testing-and-diagnosis system for micro-manufacturing devices and machines is that the measurement process can require a high number of sensors, and is often too complex, in order to avoid external disturbances under normal working conditions, and the sensors are also not easy to allocate due to the minimal space available. At the present time, modern techniques of control-system engineering can be applied to propose a model-based testing and diagnosis methodology that reduces the number of the required sensors, due to a priori knowledge of the system expressed in terms of mathematical relationships between the physical variables. The Mechatronic Variable Estimation Library was created as a tool to estimate the value of “unknown” variables and parameters of the micro-device or machine using only a few sensors, reducing in this way the cost of the testing system and making the product of interest for industrial applications.