超声下凝血酶注射治疗假性动脉瘤的方法学探讨及可行性评价

目的经皮超声引导下注射凝血酶(UGTI)治疗股动脉假性动脉瘤(PS)的方法学探讨及可行性评价.方法15例经股动脉径路选择性冠脉造影和冠脉介入术后医源性股动脉PS患者接受了UGTI治疗.男性5例,女性10例,平均年龄(68.5±12)岁,选择性冠脉造影1例,经皮冠脉介入14例.单腔的单纯型PS9例,2腔或3腔的复杂型PS6例.局麻后在超声引导下准确定位注射器针头,单纯PS尽可能在瘤腔底部,远离瘤颈部,复杂PS首选在远端瘤腔的底部,注射凝血酶速度宜慢,剂量为100～800IU凝血酶,超声下观察瘤腔内血栓形成,UGTI后24小时、5～7天接受二维超声随访.结果PS平均容积为13cm3±4.89cm3.共注射凝血酶21次,单腔注射凝血酶剂量为250IU±120IU,双腔或多腔为650IU±150IU.9例单腔患者全部一次成功;6例双腔或多腔的复杂PS患者4例首次成功,1例24h出现"再通",1例15天出现"再通",经重复3次注射凝血酶后,封闭成功.无一例出现血栓形成、感染、过敏等并发症.结论掌握正确的UGIT操作方法是治疗股动脉PS成功的前提条件,也是减少操作并发症的重要因素.采用正确的UGTI方法可作为医源性股动脉PS的首选治疗.     

超声引导凝血酶注射治疗股动脉假性动脉瘤可行性及影响因素探讨

目的探讨医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤(PS)超声引导下注射凝血酶(UGTI)治疗的可行性及影响因素.方法15例经股动脉径路选择性冠状动脉造影和冠状动脉介入术后医源性股动脉PS患者接受了UGTI治疗.男性5例,女性10例,平均年龄(68.5±12)岁,选择性冠状动脉造影1例,经皮冠状动脉介入14例.单腔的单纯型PS9例,2腔或3腔的复杂型PS 6例.分析PS的形状、大小、颈部长度与宽度、凝血酶剂量、治疗结果以及并发症.UGTI后24h、5～7d接受二维超声随访.结果PS平均容积为(13±4.89)cm3.共注射凝血酶21次,平均每次注射凝血酶剂量,单腔为(250±120)IU,双腔或多腔为(650±150)IU.9例单腔患者全部一次成功,初级成功率为100%;6例双腔或多腔的复杂PS患者4例首次成功,初级成功率为66.7%.1例复杂PS24h出现"再通".1例复杂PS患者15d出现"再通",经重复3次注射凝血酶后,封闭成功.次级成功率达到100%.无一例出现血栓形成、感染、过敏等并发症.结论UGTI治疗股动脉PS安全有效,可作为经股动脉途径介入诊疗术所致医源性股动脉PS的首选治疗,PS的几何形状是初级成功率的决定因素.     

超声下凝血酶注射治疗假性动脉瘤的方法学探讨及可行性评价

目的经皮超声引导下注射凝血酶(UGTI)治疗股动脉假性动脉瘤(PS)的方法学探讨及可行性评价. 方法15例经股动脉径路选择性冠状动脉造影和冠状动脉介入术后医源性股动脉PS患者接受了UGTI治疗.男性5例,女性10例,平均年龄(68.5±12)岁,选择性冠状动脉造影1例,经皮冠状动脉介入14例.单腔的单纯型PS9例,2腔或3腔的复杂型PS 6例.     

凝血酶注射封闭股动脉假性动脉瘤对机体凝血系统的影响

目的了解超声引导下注射凝血酶(UGTI)治疗医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤(PS)对机体凝血指标的影响,评价UGTI治疗PS的可行性.     

超声引导下注射凝血酶对医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤的治疗

目的探讨超声引导下注射凝血酶治疗医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤(PA)的应用价值。方法使用22G细针穿刺,对8例医源性股动脉PA患者进行超声引导下瘤内注射凝血酶治疗,用二维超声及彩色多普勒观察瘤体内血栓形成情况,每次注入凝血酶100IU,凝血酶总用量不超过500IU,直至血栓形成。结果8例患者均经一次性治疗成功,凝血酶用量100~500IU,血栓形成时间0.5~1.5min,无一例出现血管内血栓形成、感染、过敏等并发症。结论超声引导凝血酶注射治疗股动脉PA安全有效,可作为经股动脉途径介入诊疗术所致医源性PA的首选治疗。     

超声引导下不同剂量凝血酶封闭治疗医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤的临床观察

目的:探讨超声引导下不同剂量凝血酶注射在医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤治疗中的有效性和安全性。方法:将我院2000年6月至2016年6月间,26例医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤患者随机分为两组,在超声引导下瘤腔内注射凝血酶,观察组13例注射凝血酶200~500U,对照组13例注射凝血酶500~1 000U。结果:观察组和对照组患者特征、注射凝血酶次数、治疗时间、成功率差异无统计学意义,对照组发生1例股浅动脉栓塞,1例足背动脉栓塞,观察组无不良反应发生。结论:超声引导下凝血酶注射治疗医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤,小剂量同样有效,而且可能会降低不良反应的发生。     

超声引导下瘤腔内注射凝血酶治疗医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤

目的:探讨超声引导下瘤腔内注射凝血酶治疗医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤的可行性和安全性。方法:3例女性患者因行股动脉穿刺于术后3~4d发生4处股动脉假性动脉瘤,均在彩色多普勒超声定位下通过瘤腔内注射凝血酶进行治疗,治疗后即刻超声复查,并定期随访。结果:3例患者4处假性动脉瘤一次性注射凝血酶500U后瘤腔即刻闭合,随访10~100d,假性动脉瘤无复发。无肢体栓塞和过敏反应等并发症发生。结论:瘤腔内注射凝血酶治疗医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤是一种创伤小、有效、安全的方法,可作为临床首选的治疗方法。     

超声引导注射凝血酶治疗股动脉假性动脉瘤9例

目的 观察彩色多普勒超声引导下瘤内注射凝血酶治疗股动脉医源性假性动脉瘤的临床疗效。方法 采用20G细针穿刺,在超声引导于假型动脉瘤颈处注射凝血酶治疗9例医源性假性股动脉瘤,每例凝血酶剂量300～500U。结果 股动脉假性动脉瘤9例在超声引导注射凝血酶进行栓塞治疗均获成功,血栓形成时间1～5min,未见股动脉栓塞等严重并发症。结论 超声引导注射凝血酶治疗医源性假性动脉瘤操作简便,安全有效。     

凝血酶栓塞治疗冠脉介入术后股动脉假性动脉瘤疗效观察

目的探讨瘤腔内注射凝血酶治疗股动脉假性动脉瘤的疗效和安全性。方法2006年1月至2008年4月心脏冠脉介入术后并发股动脉假性动脉瘤的患者,共33例,其中男12例,女21例,年龄58~72岁,平均66±16岁。其中8例选择性冠状动脉造影术,25例经皮冠状动脉内血管成形术。所有患者均使用GE LOGIQ 9彩色多普勒超声仪确诊,并在超声引导下进行瘤腔内注射凝血酶栓塞治疗。结果5例先行股动脉压迫治疗,无效后改用凝血酶注射栓塞治疗,其余28例首选超声引导下瘤腔内注射凝血酶栓塞治疗。其中31例一次性栓塞成功,2例经2次栓塞成功,总成功率100%。凝血酶用量200~800u。1例出现血管迷走性晕厥,12例患者注射凝血酶后均有体温轻度升高,自行好转。无动脉栓塞及静脉血栓形成、无凝血酶过敏表现、感染、出血等并发症。结论超声引导下瘤腔内注射凝血酶的治疗方法可缩短患者住院时间、花费少,而且简单、安全、成功率高,可作为治疗心脏冠脉介入术后假性动脉瘤的首选方法。     

超声引导下凝血酶注射治疗假性动脉瘤的价值

目的：探讨在经皮超声引导下注射凝血酶（UGTI）治疗假性动脉瘤的应用价值。方法：对于27例介入术后股动脉假性动脉瘤（PsA）,采用彩超引导下假腔内注射凝血酶致栓塞治疗,观察疗效,血栓形成时间和凝血酶的用量。并在治疗后10min、1d、5d、15d复查彩超。结果：瘤内血栓形成迅速,时间为2～4min,凝血酶用量为（350±150）IU（250IU／m1）;治愈率100％。患者均系一次治疗成功,无过敏反应等并发症发生。27例患者术后随访,均无复发。结论：超声引导下凝血酶注射治疗具有创伤小,操作简便,疗效确切的优点,可作为经股动脉介入治疗术后形成的假性动脉瘤的首选治疗方法。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

治疗高血压药物的经济学评价

重视高血压治疗中的经济学评价,对利用我国有限的卫生资源来遏制高血压对人民群众的危害有着重要的现实意义。药物经济学对于药物治疗的成本和治疗的结果给予同样的关注。因为治疗高血压的费用,不仅涉及药物价格,还包括患者的危险水平,降压疗效和对临床终点事件的影响,以及治疗的依从性和安全性。因此药物经济学更强调整体成本和价-效比。低危病人,若非药价低廉,治疗的价-效比不够理想。而在高危的患者,价-效比越小越经济而不是药费越便宜越好。     

南通市老年人生命质量影响因素的因子分析

目的 了解南通市老年人的生命质量及其影响因素.方法 2010年7月应用欧洲五维健康量表(EQ-5D)对南通市994例＞60岁的老年人进行问卷调查,探索性因子分析生命质量的影响因素.结果 英国权重计算城市老年人生命质量指数得分均数(0.590±0.092)高于农村老年人(0.560±0.115),农村老年人得分高于养老院老年人(0.447 ±0.154).社会经济因素、闲暇生活方式、慢性病、睡眠食欲、婚姻家庭和社会支持是影响老年人生命质量的主要因子.结论 政府应完善养老保险和医疗保险制度,加强老年人慢性病的健康管理,促进居家养老服务体系建设.     

胆囊腺肌增生症23例临床分析

目的探讨胆囊腺肌增生症的病因、诊断和治疗方法。方法在1046例胆囊切除术中,对病理检查确诊的23例胆囊腺肌增生症的临床资料进行回顾性分析,患者术前均行超声、CT或MRI检查。结果23例胆囊腺肌增生症临床表现与慢性胆囊炎胆石症类似。病变大体形态:局限型13例(均位于胆囊底部)、节段型7例和弥漫型3例。23例均行胆囊切除,合并胆囊结石6例,合并胆囊炎14例。结论胆囊腺肌增生症是一种好发于成年人的胆囊壁增生性病变,此病常与慢性胆囊炎、胆石症并存,临床诊断困难,确诊需依赖病理检查。联合超声、CT和MRI等影像学检查可提高术前诊断准确度。目前手术是治疗的最好方法。     

糖尿病肾病血液透析护理效果分析

目的探讨糖尿病肾病血液透析中不同护理模式的护理效果。方法选择该院2018年3月—2019年3月收治的糖尿病肾病患者72例。该次选取的病例均拟行血液透析治疗,按照随机数表将患者分为对照组(35例)和观察组(37例),其中对照组在患者血液透析期间行常规基础护理,观察组行优质护理干预,观察两种不同的护理模式对患者血液透析的影响。结果观察组患者因低血压等中断透析的发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组透析期间并发症发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者的生活质量SF-36评分均高于对照组患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在糖尿病肾病患者透析期间行优质护理,有助于保障血液透析的顺利开展,同时降低各种并发症的风险,使得患者的生活质量有最基本的保障。     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.