冠脉内逆向精确溶栓和血栓抽吸分别联合支架植入术对STEMI患者的效果

目的 分析冠脉内逆向精确溶栓联合支架植入术、血栓抽吸联合支架植入术在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI）治疗中的近远期效果。方法 选取本院2018年2月至2019年12月收治的105例STEMI并接受经皮冠脉介入治疗的患者,按照治疗方式分为三组,分别为传统组（n=35）、逆向溶栓组（n=35）、抽吸组（n=35）,传统组采用传统支架植入术治疗,抽吸组采用血栓抽吸联合支架植入术治疗,溶栓组采用冠脉内逆向精确溶栓联合支架植入术治疗,比较三组近期效果、远期效果。结果 三组无复流现象发生率、术后1 h心电图ST段回落率≥50%占比情况比较,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;三组患者TIMI血流分级及住院时间比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;溶栓组、抽吸组与传统组住院期间不良心血管事件发生情况比较,差异不具有统计学意义（P>0.05）;术后24 h内,溶栓组、抽吸组与传统组左心室舒张末期内径（left ventricular enddiastolic dimension,LVEDD）...     

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死心肺复苏后溶栓治疗成功1例

患者男,43岁,于2011年8月28日上午7：30活动时突然出现胸痛伴大汗,为持续性,无肩背部放射疼痛,服用速效救心丸10粒后症状缓解不明显,急诊入院.既往体健,否认高血压、糖尿病病史,饮酒20余年,每日饮白酒约150 mL,吸烟指数200年支.患者门诊做心电图检查：窦性心律,Ⅴ1～ Ⅴ5导联ST段弓背向上抬高1～4 mv,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、avF导联ST段压低0.5 ～1.0 mv.诊断为急性前壁ST段抬高型心肌梗死.9：50 AM患者突然出现意识丧失,颜面紫绀,血压测不到,心电监护示：心室颤动,立即给予200 ～ 300 J直流电除颤2次,心电监护转为窦性心律,5 min后转为室性心动过速,予静脉注射胺碘酮150 mg后转为窦性心律,意识恢复,BP 110/66 mmHg,予阿司匹林300mg嚼服,氢氯吡格雷300mg口服,皮下注射吗啡5 mg.关键词：ST段抬高型心肌梗死;静脉溶栓分类号：R542.2＋2 文献标识码：D     

湖北省急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死溶栓治疗专家建议

<正>急性心肌梗死是由于冠状动脉(冠脉)粥样硬化或栓塞、炎症、痉挛导致的冠脉管腔严重狭窄和心肌供血不足引起的急性心肌缺血性坏死,极易导致猝死、恶性心律失常、急性心力衰竭或心源性休克等严重并发症。通常认为急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI)意味着冠脉完全闭塞。早期积极进行再灌注,即溶栓或直接经皮冠脉介入治疗(percutaneous     

急性前壁心肌梗死患者静脉溶栓后不同时间行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的对比研究

目的 比较急性前壁心肌梗死静脉溶栓后不同时间窗内行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)患者的预后情况.方法 回顾性分析2016年1月至2019年12月于朝阳市中心医院心血管内科就诊,明确诊断为急性前壁心肌梗死的患者156例.根据治疗方式分为行急诊PCI组(PPCI组,n=78)、溶栓后3～24 h PCI组(TE-PCI组,...     

高龄急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者静脉溶栓21例

冠心病急性心肌梗死的治疗可采用冠脉介入及静脉溶栓方法.但在没有PTCA条件的基层医院,静脉溶栓仍是心肌再灌注首选的治疗手段.因静脉溶栓常见并发症为出血,所以临床上常常将溶栓年龄限制在70岁以下,致使很多高龄的心肌梗死病人失去心肌再灌注机会.本文旨在探讨高龄急性心肌梗死病人静脉溶栓的疗效及安全性.     

经皮冠状动脉介入治疗与溶栓治疗急性ST段抬高心肌梗死的疗效比较

<正>急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(ST segment elevation acute myocardial infarction,STEMI)是一种较为常见的临床急性病症,严重威胁人类的生命健康[1,2]。早期再灌注治疗是挽救STEMI患者生命、改善其预后及生存质量的重要手段[3]。大量临床研究表明,采取早期再灌注治疗可大幅度降低STEMI患者的死亡率并显著改善幸存者的心功能[4]。再灌注治疗方法主     

尿激酶溶栓治疗发病2h内急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死的疗效

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)再灌注治疗的重要策略是经皮冠脉介入治疗(PCI)和静脉溶栓。虽然STEMI急性期行直接PCI已成为首选方法,但溶栓治疗具有快速、简便、经济、易操作等特点,在无条件行直接PCI的基层医院,仍然是STEMI再灌注治疗的重要手段〔1,2〕。本文通过对尿激酶溶栓治     

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者溶栓后经皮冠状动脉介入治疗时机的选择

目的:探讨急性心肌梗死静脉溶栓后紧急转诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)模式的科学性、有效性及安全性。方法:5例急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者在外院行静脉溶栓后经绿色通道直接送至我院心导管室行紧急PCI术,观察转运途中的安全性、术中及术后的并发症,术后即刻疗效及出院后短期随访效果。结果:溶栓后立即转诊至我院并紧急PCI的5例患者均顺利完成PCI术,住院期间未见再发缺血事件,也未见明显出血并发症,缩短了患者的住院时间,术后短期随访未见明显不良事件发生。结论:在具备抢救设备及医护人员陪同的条件下,外院STEMI患者溶栓后立即转诊实施紧急PCI术是安全的,且对患者有益,手术时间应在溶栓3h之后,根据术中情况决定术后抗血小板聚集和抗凝治疗。     

不同类型急性心肌梗死冠状动脉病变特点的观察

目的:从临床角度更深入理解急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死(STEMI)或急性非ST段抬高性心肌梗死(NSTEMI)的冠状动脉病变特点。方法:入选2003年12月至2006年9月间,症状发作24小时内行冠状动脉造影的急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者,选择造影结果提示梗塞相关血管为次全闭塞或未闭塞的患者为急性STEMI组(42例),与梗塞相关血管为完全闭塞的患者为急性NSTEMI组(16例)比较两组患者病变特点。结果:急性STEMI组的梗塞相关血管均为主支血管,而急性NSTEMI组梗塞相关血管非主支血管较多,急性STEMI组与急性NSTEMI组相比,有显著性差异[0例vs6例(37.5%),P<0.05]。急性STEMI组梗塞相关血管病变位于主支血管的近段或中段较急性NSTEMI组为多,有显著性差异[38例(90.5%)vs7例(43.8%),P<0.05]。梗塞相关血管造影可见侧支者,急性STEMI组较急性NSTEMI组少,有显著性差异[10例(23.8%)vs10例(62.5%),P<0.05]。结论:与急性NSTEMI患者相比,急性STEMI患者中,梗塞相关血管病变位于主支冠状动脉及其近中段者较多,而侧支循环较少。     

静脉溶栓联合替罗非班治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死的效果

目的: 观察急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEAMI)早期尿激酶静脉溶栓联合国产替罗非班治疗的疗效及安全性。方法: 2007年6月~2008年7月收治STEAMI患者60例,均符合WHO的诊断标准且≤3 h能接受溶栓治疗并在1周内完成冠状动脉造影（CAG）,分成常规组(24例)和联合组(36例)。常规组用尿激酶150万U 30 min内静脉滴入。联合组在溶栓同时应用替罗非班。两组均配合低分子肝素皮下注射,记录心电图、超声心动图、心肌酶谱、活化部分凝血酶时间(APTT)、CAG,观察间接和直接冠脉再通指标、院内心脏事件、药物不良反应,评价近期疗效和安全性。结果: 联合组在冠状动脉间接指标再通率、直接指标再通率、溶栓后胸痛缓解时间、CK-MB峰值、CK-MB达峰值时间、1周后左心室收缩末期直径(LVESD)、1周后左心室舒张末期直径(LVEDD)、平均住院天数、院内紧急血运重建、院内再发心肌梗死和常规组比较两组无统计学意义,但在心电图ST段回落≥50%、1周后梗死相关血管（IRA）血流≥TIMIⅡ级、1周后后心肌TMPⅢ级、1周后左室射血分数(LVEF)值、院内发生不稳定型心绞痛、院内心脏事件方面两组有统计学意义（P<0.05）。不良反应方面联合组溶栓24 h后凝血酶原时间延长有统计学意义（P<0.05）,在血小板计数和出血事件方面两组无统计学意义。结论: ≤3 h的STEAMI在早期静脉溶栓的同时联合应用国产盐酸替罗非班在改善梗死相关血管TIMI血流和心肌灌注方面优于常规溶栓组,并未增加出血风险。     

Further elevation of the ST segment during the first hour of thrombolysis: A possible early marker of reperfusion

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the clinical implications of early electrocardiographicchanges during thrombolysis in a randomized study in patientswith an acute myocardial infarction. BACKGROUND: Re-elevation of a rapidly resolving ST segment during thrombolysisis currently interpreted as a sign of re-occlusion, but a furtherelevation at very early stages of lytic therapy may not necessarilyhave the same implications. METHODS: In 214 patients with a first transmural acute myocardial infarctionof 4 h randomized to fibrinolytic (streptokinase group, n: 110)vs non fibrinolytic medical therapy (control group, n: 104),a standard 12 lead ECG was continuously recorded during thefirst 60 min and at 2, 4, 10, 16 and 24 h. Serial enzymes weremeasured during 72 h, and in 156 patients (73%) a coronary angiogramwas performed at 10–15 days. RESULTS: Within the first 20–40 min there was an additional STsegment elevation in 50 patients (45%) from the streptokinasegroup and in 19 from control group (18%) (P<0·0001)but the increment was greater in the streptokinase group (1·2± 1·4 vs 0·3 ± 1·4 mm, P<0·0001).In the streptokinase group, the interval from onset of painto peak creatine kinase MB was shorter in patients with additionalST segment elevation than in those without it (699 ±193 vs 856 ± 299 min, P<0·01). Moreover, in-hospitalmortality tended to be lower in patients whose ST segment waselevated than in those without such elevation (2150, 4%, vs6160, 10%). Incidence of recanalization was high but comparablein these two subsets. In recanalized patients, with or withoutadditional ST segment elevation, the ST segment declined significantlyat 1 h (– 1·0 ± 1·7, P<0·001,vs 0·1 ± 1·5 mm, ns). CONCLUSIONS: Additional ST segment elevation is frequently observed duringthe first hour of intravenous thrombolysis with streptokinase.Its association with a subsequent early decline of ST elevation,reduced mortality, a shorter time interval to peak creatinekinase, and a high rate of late recanalization, suggest thatin some patients it is one of the earliest markers of reperfusion.     

Further elevation of the ST segment during the first hour of thrombolysis: A possible early marker of reperfusion

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the clinical implications of early electrocardiographicchanges during thrombolysis in a randomized study in patientswith an acute myocardial infarction. BACKGROUND: Re-elevation of a rapidly resolving ST segment during thrombolysisis currently interpreted as a sign of re-occlusion, but a furtherelevation at very early stages of lytic therapy may not necessarilyhave the same implications. METHODS: In 214 patients with a first transmural acute myocardial infarctionof 4 h randomized to fibrinolytic (streptokinase group, n: 110)vs non fibrinolytic medical therapy (control group, n: 104),a standard 12 lead ECG was continuously recorded during thefirst 60 min and at 2, 4, 10, 16 and 24 h. Serial enzymes weremeasured during 72 h, and in 156 patients (73%) a coronary angiogramwas performed at 10–15 days. RESULTS: Within the first 20–40 min there was an additional STsegment elevation in 50 patients (45%) from the streptokinasegroup and in 19 from control group (18%) (P<0.0001) but theincrement was greater in the streptokinase group (1.2 ±1.4 vs 0.3 ± 1.4 mm, P<0.0001). In the streptokinasegroup, the interval from onset of pain to peak creatine kinaseMB was shorter in patients with additional ST segment elevationthan in those without it (699 ± 193 vs 856 ± 299min, P<0.01). Moreover, in-hospital mortality tended to belower in patients whose ST segment was elevated than in thosewithout such elevation (2150, 4%, vs 6160, 10%). Incidence ofrecanalization was high but comparable in these two subsets.In recanalized patients, with or without additional ST segmentelevation, the ST segment declined significantly at 1 h (–1.0 ± 1.7, P<0.001, vs 0.1 ± 1.5 mm, ns). CONCLUSIONS: Additional ST segment elevation is frequently observed duringthe first hour of intravenous thrombolysis with streptokinase.Its association with a subsequent early decline of ST elevation,reduced mortality, a shorter time interval to peak creatinekinase, and a high rate of late recanalization, suggest thatin some patients it is one of the earliest markers of reperfusion.     

ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死溶栓后心电图改变的临床意义

目的通过分析急性心肌梗死抬高的ST段下降幅度,评价溶栓治疗过程中ST段改变对患者心功能的预测价值。方法96例ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死患者,入院后行溶栓治疗,并计算溶栓后2h内ST段抬高振幅总和(ΣSTE)的下降幅度。结果溶栓治疗2h后,ΣSTE较溶栓治疗前下降大于50%时,病人自觉胸痛症状消失,心功能得到较好保护。而ΣSTE较治疗前下降小于50%时,患者心功能不同程度受损。结论ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死的患者经早期溶栓治疗后,其抬高的ST段下降幅度可作为心肌血供能否恢复的间接预测指标,从而能较准确地反映心肌再灌注情况及预测心功能状态。     

急性心肌梗死患者溶栓前ST段偏移总和值的预示价值

目的:探讨急性心肌梗死（AM I）患者溶栓前ST段偏移总和值对院内心功能情况的预示价值。方法:序贯入选我院心内科1997年2003年收治的首次发生AM I并接受溶栓治疗的患者,记录并对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:符合入选标准的患者有136例,40例患者院内发生心功能不全,占29.4%。以溶栓前ST段偏移总和值将患者分为A组、B组、C组,组间比较:溶栓前ST段偏移总和值越高,患者院内心功能不全的发生率越高。Logis-tic多因素逐步回归分析显示:溶栓前ST段偏移总和值是该组患者院内发生心功能不全的独立危险因素,关联强度（OR值）为2.992（P=0.006）。结论:溶栓前ST段偏移总和值指标有助于早期识别发生院内心功能不全的高危AM I患者,以加强治疗,改善预后。     

aVR导联ST段抬高对非ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死的意义

目的：探讨aVR导联ST段抬高（ ST segment elevation ,STSE）对于非STSE型急性心肌梗死（ acute myocardial infarction , AMI ）的预测价值。方法回顾性分析425例非STSE 型AMI患者的心电图资料,并观察各导联ST段压低情况及是否存在T波倒置。对所测定数据进行整理和统计学处理。结果 aVR导联STSE多见于完全性右束支阻滞、左心室肥厚以及V1导联STSE的患者,在其他导联广泛ST段压低的患者中也较为多见;此类情况在T波倒置患者中较少见。本研究中,22例在住院时死亡,其中5例死于心源性休克。患者住院死亡率的不断升高和aVR导联STSE的等级不断上升相关。多重变量分析表明,aVR导联STSE已经成为预测住院死亡的独立重要变量。 aVR导联STSE大都与住院患者的心肌缺血时间以及发生心力衰竭相关,但是与血清肌酸激酶或肌酸激酶同工酶 MB 的水平高低没有相关性。结论如果aVR导联STSE和严重冠状动脉病变之间的联系,能够在大样本非STSE型AMI患者群体中得到进一步验证,那么aVR导联STSE就可以成为选择早期介入治疗患者的一个较为有用的指标。     

急性前壁ST段抬高型心肌梗死介入治疗后冠状动脉微循环灌注对心肌重构的影响

目的]应用冠状动脉造影衍生的微循环阻力指数(caIMR)评估急性前壁ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)介入治疗术后冠状动脉微循环灌注对心肌重构的影响。 [方法]本研究为横断面研究,分析2021年1月—2022年7月在大连医科大学附属第二医院心内一科因急性前壁STEMI,住院并接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)且规律随诊的患者的资料。根据caIMR值将纳入患者分为低冠状动脉微循环阻力(L-caIMR)组、中冠状动脉微循环阻力(M-caIMR)组及高冠状动脉微循环阻力(H-caIMR)组。分析比较三组患者围手术期及术后1个月、3个月、6个月及1年的超声心动图结果,包括左心房内径、左心室舒张末内径、室间隔厚度、二尖瓣口血流速度E/A、二尖瓣环间隔侧e′及二尖瓣环侧壁侧e′等,并比较外周血中白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)等炎症因子水平。 [结果]共入选急性前壁STEMI患者75例,其中男性55例,L-caIMR组、M-caIMR组和H-caIMR组分别为26、26和23例。与L-caIMR组比较,M-caIMR组和H-caIMR组左心房内径、室间隔厚度在PCI术后1个月时呈增加趋势,且H-caIMR组增加幅度大于M-caIMR组(P＜0.05)。与L-caIMR组和M-caIMR组比较,H-caIMR组射血分数在术后1个月、3个月时显著降低(P＜0.05)。与L-caIMR组比较,M-caIMR组和H-caIMR组在术后6个月时二尖瓣口血流速度E/A,以及在围手术期和术后1、3、6个月时二尖瓣环间隔侧e′和侧壁侧e′均显著降低(P＜0.05)。与L-caIMR组比较,M-caIMR组和H-caIMR组外周血IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的水平呈上升趋势,且H-caIMR组上升幅度大于M-caIMR组(P＜0.05)。多因素分析发现caIMR是IL-1β和IL-6水平的影响因素。 [结论]急性前壁STEMI介入治疗术后冠状动脉微循环障碍可能参与心肌重构过程,炎症反应在其中可能具有一定作用。     

Myocardial damage after successful thrombolysis is associated with the duration of ST re-elevation at reperfusion

The purpose of this study was to investigate the significance of ST re-elevation at reperfusion using strict criteria for patient inclusion and exclusion. Twenty-nine patients who had a first anterior infarction with single-vessel disease, successful recanalization by intracoronary thrombolysis (ICT) with urokinase, and an angiographically confirmed patent infarct-related artery after 4 weeks, were divided into three groups according to the deviation of the ST segment at reperfusion: Group A, 10 patients with sustained ST re-elevation; Group B, 10 patients with transient ST re-elevation; and Group C, 9 patients with ST reduction. Left ventricular (LV) function was evaluated from cineventriculograms performed in the 30° right anterior projection 4 weeks after ICT. LV ejection fraction and regional wall motion of the infarct area, evaluated by the centerline method (SD/chords), were significantly lower in Group A (44 ± 10%, -3.2 ± 0.4) than in Group B (61 ± 9%, -1.9 ± 0.7) and Group C (60 ± 5%, -2.0 ± 0.4) (p < 0.01). Peak creatine kinase (CK) activity was significantly higher in Group A (5848 ± 2112 IU) than in Group B (2485 ± 1254 IU) and Group C (1889 ± 1525 IU) (p < 0.05). These data suggest that a sustained ST re-elevation at reperfusion was strongly associated with marked LV dysfunction and higher peak CK activity. It was concluded that sustained, not transient, ST re-elevation associated with successful reperfusion indicates extensive myocardial damage.