粉末增塑挤压制备Al_2O_3/Fe复合型蜂窝材料的组织与性能

为制备性能优良的Al_2O_3/Fe复合型蜂窝材料,首先以316L合金粉末、Al_2O_3粉末和黏结剂为原料,通过粉末增塑挤压及在1 200℃氩气气氛中烧结2h获得了Al_2O_3/Fe复合型蜂窝材料;然后,借助SEM、XRD及万能试验机研究了添加Al_2O_3对Al_2O_3/Fe复合型蜂窝材料组织与性能的影响。结果表明:金属粉末颗粒在烧结过程中结合形成γ-Fe基体网状组织,表面有呈多边形几何状形态的Cr_2O_3形成;添加少量的Al_2O_3可以抑制Cr从基体中析出,降低表面Cr_2O_3的含量,使金属颗粒烧结结合更为紧密,组织表面更加光滑;随着Al_2O_3含量的增加,蜂窝材料表面与催化活性涂层的结合能力增强,复合型蜂窝材料的抗压强度先升高后降低;在Al_2O_3含量为5.0wt%时,抗压强度达26 MPa。所得结论表明5.0wt%Al_2O_3/Fe复合型蜂窝材料力学性能最佳,表面涂覆性能优良。     

挤压316L金属蜂窝的烧结及其组织性能研究

以金属粉末、粘结剂为原料,经炼料制成膏状挤压料,通过挤压模成型为蜂窝状,再经高温烧结制备成316L不锈钢蜂窝.研究了烧结气氛、烧结温度对蜂窝烧结组织结构的影响,并对烧结后的蜂窝进行力学性能测试.结果表明,在氢气中烧结的316L蜂窝组织,金属颗粒间形成烧结颈,呈网状连接在一起,并随温度升高颗粒合并长大成晶粒,基体组织为Fe-Cr-Ni-C(γ-Fe)固溶体,第二相球形颗粒为富含硅的低熔点化合物;在真空中烧结,金属颗粒表面形成氧化物Fe2Cr4O4、Cr2O3,以及SiO2,大量的表面氧化物阻碍了金属粉末颗粒的结合,直接影响烧结蜂窝的强度,致使烧结蜂窝强度远低于氢气中烧结的蜂窝.在氢气中烧结的316L金属蜂窝,其径向抗压强度可达40～50 MPa,远高于目前广泛应用的陶瓷蜂窝载体,是作为载体材料的一种理想选择.     

多孔Al2O3f/Al2O3复合材料研究进展

作为20世纪90年代兴起的一类连续陶瓷纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料,连续氧化铝纤维增韧氧化铝(Al₂O_3f/Al₂O₃)复合材料已经发展为与C_f/SiC、SiC_f/SiC等非氧化物复合材料并列的陶瓷基复合材料。以多孔基体实现基体裂纹偏转成为Al₂O_3f/Al₂O₃复合材料主要的增韧设计方法,形成的多孔Al₂O_3f/Al₂O₃复合材料具有优异的抗氧化性能和高温力学性能,可在高温富氧、富含水汽的中等载荷工况中长时服役,是未来重要的热结构材料。经过近30年的发展,多孔Al₂O_3f/Al₂O₃复合材料已被应用于航空发动机、燃气轮机等热端部件。本文综述了多孔Al₂O_3f...     

Al2O3颗粒形貌对注凝成型ZrO2/Al2O3陶瓷性能的影响

采用3种不同形貌的Al₂O₃原料对注凝成型制备ZrO₂/Al₂O₃（ZTA）陶瓷工艺中悬浮体的流变性能进行了研究。以低毒的单体N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺（DMAA）制备了ZrO₂/Al₂O₃坯体和陶瓷。讨论了3种不同形貌的Al₂O₃原浆料的分散剂用量、球磨时间和固含量对浆料流变性的影响。Al₂O₃粉体呈扁平状有利于降低浆料的黏度,Al₂O₃粉体呈棒状对生坯强度的提高有利。制得的3种ZrO₂/Al₂O₃坯体颗粒间结合紧密,抗弯强度分别达到21.45,19.87,25.90 MPa。Al₂O₃粉体呈颗粒状有利于最终陶瓷力学性能的提高,陶瓷的抗弯强度及断裂韧性分别为680 MPa和7.49 MPa·m^1/2,453.1 MPa和6.8 MPa·m^1/2,549.4 MPa和6.34 MPa·m^1/2。     

Fe/Al2O3复合材料的制备和性能

用石墨埋烧方法制备Fe/Al₂O₃复合材料,对其力学性能和微观结构进行了分析。结果表明:Fe/Al₂O₃复合材料的弯曲强度与断裂韧性均随Al₂O₃含量的升高先升高后降低,当Al₂O₃含量（质量分数）为70%时,其弯曲强度与断裂韧性分别达到602.49 MPa和9.33 MPa·m¹/2,其硬度随Al₂O₃含量先降低后升高。在烧结过程中在Fe颗粒周围形成一种成分为FeO与FeAl₂O₄的壳体,在壳体与Fe颗粒之间存在微裂纹缺陷。壳体的形成和壳体与金属颗粒间的微裂纹钝化了外部应力,从而提高了复合材料的韧性。     

纳米Al2O3增强铝基复合材料的制备技术和发展方向

纳米颗粒具有极高的增强效率,能够显著提高铝基复合材料的综合性能.纳米Al2 O3/Al复合材料作为其中的代表,具有高弹性模量、高强度和低密度等优势,得到长期的关注和研究.详细介绍了纳米Al2O3/Al复合材料的制备方法,分析了各制备方法的优点和缺点,并对纳米Al2O3/Al复合材料的发展前景进行了展望.     

Bi2O3助熔剂对CaO-B2O3-SiO2/Al2O3玻璃陶瓷复合材料性能的影响

以CaO-B₂O₃-SiO₂(CBS)玻璃粉体和Al₂O₃陶瓷粉体为原料,通过在CBS与Al₂O₃的质量比固定为50:50的玻璃-陶瓷复合材料中添加适量的Bi₂O₃作为烧结助熔剂,探讨了Bi₂O₃助熔剂对CBS/Al₂O₃复合材料的烧结性能、介电性能、抗弯强度和热膨胀系数的影响规律.研究表明:Bi₂O₃助熔剂能通过降低CBS玻璃的转变温度和黏度促进CBS/Al₂O₃复合材料的致密化进程,于880 ℃下烧结即能获得结构较致密、气孔较少的CBS/Al₂O₃复合材料.然而,过量添加Bi₂O₃将使玻璃的黏度过低,从而恶化CBS/Al₂O₃复合材料的烧结性能、介电性能及抗弯强度.当Bi₂O₃的添加量为CBS/Al₂O₃复合材料的1.5wt%时,于880 ℃下烧结即能获得最为致密的CBS/Al₂O₃复合材料,密度为2.82 g·cm^-3,这一材料具有良好的介电性能(介电常数为7.21,介电损耗为1.06×10^-3),抗弯强度为190.34 MPa,0~300 ℃的热膨胀系数为3.52×10^-6 K^-1.     

等离子喷涂MoSi2/Al2O3涂层材料的力学与介电性能

以MoSi2为吸收剂,纳米Al2O3粉为基体,采用大气等离子喷涂法制备出MoSi2/Al2O3复合涂层。研究了MoSi2含量对复合涂层力学及介电性能的影响。结果表明,MoSi2颗粒均匀分布于Al2O3基体中;随MoSi2含量的增加,复合涂层的抗弯强度、断裂韧性及冲击强度逐渐增强;根据测定的复介电常数与频率的关系及计算出的介电损耗角正切可以看出,复合涂层的介电常数与MoSi2含量有关,MoSi2掺量越高,复合材料涂层的介电常数越小;随频率的逐渐增大,材料的复介电常数表现出减小的趋势,具有频散效应。     

MgO/Al2O3吸附剂对CO2静态吸附性能研究

采用等体积浸渍法制备MgO/Al2O3吸附剂。利用X光电子衍射(XRD)、氮气吸附、原位红外吸附等手段对材料的结构进行表征,通过静态吸附的方法对其吸附性能进行了测定。实验结果表明,所得到的MgO/Al2O3吸附剂,主要存在3个不同的碱性位,CO2吸附后主要是以碳酸氢盐、双齿碳酸盐和单齿碳酸盐的形式存在的。当MgO的负载量为10wt%时,其对CO2的吸附量是最大的。在30℃条件下,其对CO2的吸附量为54.1mg/g,随着温度的升高,吸附量有所降低,在100℃时,其对CO2的吸附量为31mg/g,吸附量的降低主要是由于碳酸盐的分解所致。     

Fe3Al/Al2O3复合材料制备工艺研究

探索了一种新型复合材料的熔渗烧结制备工艺, 它不仅是新工艺的探索, 更重要的是为这种新型材料的无压烧结和开发利用进行了有益的探索。实验表明, 熔渗烧结法是一种可行的复合材料制备方法。      

热压与放电等离子体烧结两种工艺制备Al2O3/Cu复合材料

由机械合金化法(MA)制得纳米级Al₂O₃颗粒弥散镶嵌于微米级Cu颗粒表面的复合粉末, 利用球形化工艺改善所制得复合粉的形貌及粒度范围, 分别采用热压法(HP)和放电等离子体烧结(SPS)法制备Al₂O₃/Cu复合材料。通过测试密度、 电导率、 抗弯强度及SEM复合粉形貌和烧结体断口分析、 微区成分分析, 对比研究了Al₂O₃质量分数分别为0%、 0.5%、 1.0%、 1.5%时Al₂O₃/Cu复合材料的物理、 力学和电学性能。结果表明: 不同制备工艺下随着Al₂O₃含量增加, 材料的抗弯强度先增后降, 电导率除受杂质影响外, 还受材料缺陷的影响, 故变化规律不明显, 对于Al₂O₃含量相同的Al₂O₃/Cu复合材料, 采用SPS法制备的复合材料的致密度、 抗弯强度及电导率均高于HP法; 在弯曲应力下两种制备方法所得复合材料均发生延性断裂。      

Preparation and properties of nano-SiC strengthening Al2O3 composite ceramics

The processing and mechanical behaviors of Al₂O₃-xwt.%SiC (x = 1, 2, 5, ASx) nano-composites prepared by the in situ synthesis of SiC from polycarbosilane (PCS) were investigated. The composites were densified by hot pressing. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the sintered composites were analyzed. The results showed that a fully dense structure was obtained when a few nano-SiC were doped and that the fracture toughness and strength were highly improved compared with those of monolithic Al₂O₃. The fracture toughness reached 5.1 MPa m^1/2 in AS2 composite. The maximum flexural strength was 516 MPa obtained in AS1 composite.     

Y2O3添加量对Al2O3/ZrO2共晶陶瓷显微组织及力学性能的影响

为探索第三组元Y₂O₃添加对Al₂O₃/ZrO₂共晶陶瓷显微组织与机械性能的影响,本文利用低温度梯度的高温熔凝法制备了直径为20 mm的Al₂O₃/ZrO₂(Y₂O₃)共晶陶瓷块体,采用SEM、EDS及XRD技术对共晶陶瓷进行微结构分析,并利用维氏压痕法对其硬度和断裂韧性进行测试。SEM结果表明,凝固组织由群集的共晶团结构组成,随着Y₂O₃添加量的增加,共晶团形态由胞状转变为枝晶状,内部相间距在1~2 μm范围内变化。力学测试表明,Y₂O₃摩尔分数小于1.1%时,由于组织内部存在低硬度m-ZrO₂及微裂纹缺陷,故陶瓷硬度较低,约为(9.53±0.22 )GPa;当Y₂O₃摩尔分数为1.1%时,陶瓷硬度最大,约为(18.05±0.27)GPa;当Y₂O₃的摩尔分数大于1.1%时,由于共晶团边界区内气孔缺陷及粗大组织增多,引起陶瓷硬度值略有下降。低Y₂O₃摩尔分数添加时,陶瓷断裂韧性相对较高,约为(6.30±0.16)MPa·m^1/2,这与其内部存在大量微裂纹缺陷有关;随着Y₂O₃添加量的增加,陶瓷的微裂纹数量减少、边界区内缺陷增多,断裂韧性降低。     

Mechanical properties and microstructure of Al2O3/TiAl in situ composites doped with Cr2O3

Al₂O₃/TiAl composites were successfully fabricated from powder mixtures of Ti, Al, TiO₂ and Cr₂O₃ by a hot-press-assisted exothermic dispersion method. The effect of the Cr₂O₃ addition on the microstructures and mechanical properties of Al₂O₃/TiAl composites was characterized, and the results showed that the Rockwell hardness, flexural strength and fracture toughness of the composites increased as the Cr₂O₃ content increased. When the Cr₂O₃ content was 2.5 wt%, the flexural strength and the fracture toughness attained peak values of 925 MPa and 8.55 MPa m^1/2, respectively. This improvement of mechanical properties was due to the more homogeneous and finer microstructure developed from the addition of Cr₂O₃ and an increase in the ratio of α₂-Ti₃Al to γ-TiAl matrix phases.     

Lightweight geopolymer made of highly porous siliceous materials with various Na2O/Al2O3 and SiO2/Al2O3 ratios

The syntheses of lightweight geopolymeric materials from highly porous siliceous materials viz. diatomaceous earth (DE) and rice husk ash (RHA) with high starting SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratios of 13.0-33.5 and Na₂O/Al₂O₃ ratios of 0.66-3.0 were studied. The effects of fineness and calcination temperature of DE, concentrations of NaOH and KOH, DE to RHA ratio; curing temperature and time on the mechanical properties and microstructures of the geopolymer pastes were investigated. The results indicated that the optimum calcination temperature of DE was 800 °C. Increasing fineness of DE and starting Na₂O/Al₂O₃ ratio resulted in an increase in compressive strength of geopolymer paste. Geopolymer pastes activated with NaOH gave higher compressive strengths than those with KOH. The optimum curing temperature and time were 75 °C and 5 days. The lightweight geopolymer material with mean bulk density of 0.88 g/cm³ and compressive strength of 15 kg/cm² was obtained. Incorporation of 40% RHA to increase starting SiO₂/Al₂O₃ and Na₂O/Al₂O₃ ratios to 22.5 and 1.7 and enhanced the compressive strength of geopolymer paste to 24 kg/cm² with only a marginal increase of bulk density to 1.01 g/cm³. However, the geopolymer materials with high Na₂O/Al₂O₃ (>1.5) were not stable in water submersion.     

Microstructure and characterization of Ni-Co/Al2O3 composite coatings by pulse reversal electrodeposit

Ni-Co/Al₂O₃ composite coatings were obtained by pulse reversal electrodeposit (PRC) and direct current electrodeposit (DC). The microstructure of the coatings was characterized by means of SEM, XRD and TEM. Hardness, wear resistance and macro residual stress of coatings were also investigated. The results showed that the microstructure and performance of the coatings were significantly affected by the electrodeposit methods and the Al₂O₃ particles content. The PRC composite coatings exhibited compact surface, high hardness and excellent wear resistance. The macro residual stress of PRC composite coatings was lower than that of DC ones. With the increasing of Al₂O₃ particles content, the hardness and wear resistance of the composite coatings increased.     

微波和真空烧结制备La2O3掺杂Al2O3透明陶瓷

通过共沉淀法制备La2O3掺杂Al_2O_3纳米粉,粉体经压制后分别采用微波和真空烧结制备Al_2O_3透明陶瓷。结果表明:Al_2O_3粉末颗粒大小均匀,近似球形,为40~60nm;两种烧结方式制备的试样XRD图中均为α-Al_2O_3,未检测到其它相。La2O3掺杂量为1%时,随烧结温度升高,两种烧结方法得到的Al_2O_3陶瓷的相对密度和抗弯强度均呈上升趋势,且微波烧结陶瓷的相对密度和抗弯强度明显高于真空烧结。1500℃烧结时,随La2O3掺杂量的增加,Al_2O_3陶瓷的相对密度均先增大后减小,当La2O3掺杂量为1%时,Al_2O_3陶瓷的相对密度和抗弯强度均最大。微波烧结陶瓷的透光率明显高于真空烧结,且其断口晶粒比真空烧结明显细少。     

Thermo-optic properties of TiO2, Ta2O5 and Al2O3 thin films for integrated optics on silicon

The direct measurement of the thermo-optic coefficients of aluminium oxide, tantalum pentoxide and titanium dioxide thin films is presented. Using ellipsometry on monolithically integrated permutations of the layers of silicon, silicon dioxide and the material under test, allows the direct measurement of the overall thermo-optic coefficient accounting for thermally induced changes in the dielectric permittivity and density of the materials as well as the elasto-optic effect due to the non-matching thermal expansion coefficients of the different materials.     

Fabrication of nanostructure Al2O3/ZrO2 (Y2O3) eutectic by combustion synthesis melt-casting under ultra-high gravity

A novel method for preparing Al₂O₃/ZrO₂ (Y₂O₃) eutectic was developed by combining combustion synthesis with melt-casting under ultra-high gravity (CSMC-UHG). The application of UHG = 800 g resulted in a high relative density of 99.8%, and an orientation-growth along the UHG direction. The microstructure was composed of aligned growth regimes containing a triangular dispersion of orderly ZrO₂ rods in Al₂O₃ matrix with a spacing of 300 nm. The eutectic had a high fracture toughness up to 17.9 MPa·m^1/2, which was mainly attributed to the nanostructure and the elastic bridge effects of the aligned ZrO₂ rods.