A compact wide band filter based on the left handed material theory

A novel micro CRLH (composite right/left-handed) wide band filter based on Left handed material (LHM) theory was designed and fabricated. As a promising design, the length of the main part is only 1/20 compared to the working wavelength. It can be used to eliminate the noise in RF interconnect and other area. The phase shift in LHM is negative. This characteristic can decrease the phase delay. And also, the absolute value of phase constant will increase when frequency decrease at the left handed band (LH-band), which contribute to minimize the design. The other advantage of the LHM is that the phase constant will changed to the opposite direction, when the wavelength changed with the working frequency. This provides a negative feedback to the electric length, so the left handed region has a wider band width. Measurements results show that relative bandwidth (3 dB) of 8 cells is 71.42%. The relative bandwidth (3 dB) of 4 cells is 58.46%.     

宽带中频采样抗混迭滤波器的设计与实现

由于受滤波器通带带宽、带内纹波、带外衰减量、插损、体积等性能参数的制约,设计和实现宽带中频抗混迭滤波器的技术要求往往比较高.首先介绍了中频带通采样技术及抗混迭滤波器设计的关键性能指标,电感、电容元件的主要参数与工作频率之间的变化关系及选用原则.然后,利用计算机仿真软件完成了滤波器的设计、元件参数配置与特性仿真,并提出了设计和实现高阶椭圆滤波器所采取的一系列措施,最后给出了9阶椭圆滤波器的设计电路及实测结果.     

基于复合左右手材料的圆柱共形漏波天线设计

提出了一种基于复合左右手材料的平衡式圆柱共形漏波天线。天线单元由圆柱共形介质波导构成,通过在波导上表面蚀刻矩形缝隙槽结构,在引入串联电容的同时实现电磁波能量的连续泄漏,从而得到所需要的辐射特性。同时在波导结构中采用金属化通孔,引入并联电感, 实现了电磁波的左手传输特性。所设计的天线在平衡频点 15.6 GHz 处具有良好的边射特性。所提出的复合左右手漏波天线的阻抗带宽为 4.3 GHz(13.5~17.8 GHz),在天线阻抗带宽范围内天线主波束可以从-57°连续扫描到+30°。     

Transmission line approach of left-handed (LH) materials and microstrip implementation of an artificial LH transmission line

A transmission line (TL) approach of left-handed (LH) materials is proposed. The transmission characteristics of an ideal LH-TL are presented, the constitutive parameters of an equivalent LH material are derived and shown to be negative, and some LH-transmission paradoxes are explained. Next, a method to design an artificial LH-TL in the form of an ideal lumped-elements ladder network is described and illustrated with simulation results. It is shown that, in this line, left-handedness can be achieved without losses over an unlimited bandwidth, from the cutoff of the resulting high-pass filter to infinity, with excellent agreement with theory. Finally, a microstrip implementation of the LH line for microwaves, using interdigital capacitors and stub inductors, is demonstrated, with moderate insertion loss and a broad bandwidth of the order of 100%.     

Coaxial Waveguide Based Left-Handed Transmission Line

In this letter, a new realization of left-handed transmission line (LHTL) is presented; the proposed structure is realized by periodically loading the coaxial waveguide with gaps in the inner conductor and wires between the inner and outer conductors, the gaps and wires act as series capacitors and shunt inductors. The dispersion characteristic of this new LHTL is analyzed by means of high frequency structure simulator (HFSS) eigenmode simulation and microwave network theory, which exhibits LH behavior over a 60% bandwidth. A backward wave behavior is unambiguously demonstrated from HFSS driven modal simulation. The phase front is observed to be in the opposite direction with respect to the energy one for a finite nine-unit cell prototype.     

Design and Analysis of Super-Wide Bandpass Filters Using a Novel Compact Meta-Structure

This paper presents a novel compact meta-structure, which is characterized by left-handed properties. In the novel structure, two linear arrays of metallic vias and short-stub inductors are used to generate shunt inductors besides the series interdigital capacitors. Compared with conventional composite right/left-handed transmission-line structures, the new structure has weaker coupling to other components and is easily controlled by adjusting the shunt inductance and series capacitance to produce different left-handed properties. Due to the isolation of two via arrays, the proposed structure can also be transplanted directly from the microstrip system to the coplanar-waveguide system. We have proposed an efficient procedure to retrieve the equivalent propagating modes for both forward and backward waves based on the matrix pencil method, which provides an easy way to study the propagation characteristics. Using such a meta-structure, a series of super-wide bandpass filters are designed and fabricated at different frequency bands. Good agreements between simulation and experiment results have been achieved, and good performance in passbands and stopbands has been observed with a relative 3-dB bandwidth larger than 70%. For easy design of such super-wide bandpass filters, an experienced formula is given between the physical size and the center frequency of the 3-dB passband, which can be used to redesign any filters at other frequency bands     

Miniaturised bandpass frequency selective surface with lumped components

A miniaturised frequency selective surface (FSS) loaded with lumped components is presented. The FSS uses inductors and capacitors to provide a bandpass response with a simulated unit cell size of /apl lambda//115 with a 23 dB bandwidth of 23.9%. This is the first reported use of the combination of capacitors and inductors to provide miniaturisation to this extent. Measurements are presented to validate the technique, showing an FSS resonating at 945 MHz with 21.9% bandwidth and a unit cell size of λ/18.     

High-Temperature Superconducting Coplanar Left-Handed Transmission Lines and Resonators

This paper implements wideband, low-loss, and via-free left-handed transmission lines (LH-TLs) using superconductor thin films. Introducing superconductors greatly reduces the loss inherited in the constituent series capacitors and shunt inductors of such planar LH-TLs. The measured results agree very well with design expectations. The bandwidth of left-handed characteristics is 4.9–10.9 GHz, with a minimum insertion loss of 0.03 dB at 30 K. Open-ended LH-TL resonators are also characterized at the different harmonics; of special interest are those with zero or negative phase constants, which are not possible when using any conventional transmission lines. Temperature-dependence measurements of the LH-TLs reveal the effect of the superconductor kinetic inductance.     

新型微带带通滤波器设计

提出一种新型微带带通滤波器设计，它是由带有J-变频器的零阶谐振ZOR（zeroth-order resonant）系统构成。零阶谐振系统以互补分裂谐振环和一系列沟道组成的左手材料LHM（Left—HandedMaterial）为基本单元，在传统设计的基础上进行改进．得到适合具有严格设计要求的滤波器设计使用模型，并给出此零阶谐振系统的共振频率和导纳斜率参数的确定方法。实验表明，该微带带通滤波器的模拟量与测量之间存在最佳关系，并具有高选择性能、对称的响应曲线以及良好的通带带宽控制性能。     

Transmission Characteristics of Ridge Waveguide Loaded with Left-Handed Materials

This paper presents a numerical study of the electromagnetic wave propagation in a double ridge waveguide, loaded with left-handed materials (LHM). The LHM is defined phenomenologically by assigning to it a negative permittivity and negative permeability simultaneously. Transmission characteristics such as cutoff wavelength, single-mode bandwidth, dispersion and field patterns have been investigated by edge-based finite element method. The results are compared to those with air- and dielectric-loaded ridge waveguide. It was found that the LHM-loaded ridge waveguide can greatly increase the cutoff wavelength with the disadvantage of a dramatic reduction in the single-mode bandwidth. The behavior of the dispersion curve of LHM-loaded ridge waveguide is similar to the cases of waveguide loaded with air or dielectric, except for a significant improvement of the propagation constant. The boundary conditions at the interface between the air and the LHM have been well illustrated and the antiparallel wave vector in LHM were obtained by considering the field patterns. The unusual behaviors of the LHM-loaded ridge waveguide provides the potential opportunities to design novel microwave and millimeter devices.     

Transmission enhancement between rectangular waveguides by means of left-handed media

Results showing the experimental verification of the transmission improvement when a left-handed material (LHM) is placed in between rectangular waveguides are presented. This improvement has been characterised by means of measuring the increase of transmission (S/sub 21/ parameter) and is related to the enhancement of the radiating features of an open-ended waveguide caused by the use of the LHM as superstrate.     

A NEW FREQUENCY SELECTIVE SURFACE COMPOSED OF LEFT-HANDED MATERIALS

The frequency selective characteristics of a new dielectric periodic structure composed of left-handed materials (LHM) are carefully studied by a method which combines the multimode network theory with the rigorous mode matching method. The variations of the frequency selective characteristics with structure parameters and dielectric loss are presented and comparisons for the frequency selective properties between RHM and LHM gratings are also shown with some explanations. Guidelines for accurate design of the LHM dielectric frequency selective surface are given.     

Design and modeling of a micromachined high-Q tunable capacitor with large tuning range and a vertical planar spiral inductor

In wireless communication systems, passive elements including tunable capacitors and inductors often need high quality factor (Q-factor). In this paper, we present the design and modeling of a novel high Q-factor tunable capacitor with large tuning range and a high Q-factor vertical planar spiral inductor implemented in microelectromechanical system (MEMS) technology. Different from conventional two-parallel-plate tunable capacitors, the novel tunable capacitor consists of one suspended top plate and two fixed bottom plates. One of the two fixed plates and the top plate form a variable capacitor, while the other fixed plate and the top plate are used to provide electrostatic actuation for capacitance tuning. For the fabricated prototype tunable capacitors, a maximum controllable tuning range of 69.8% has been achieved, exceeding the theoretical tuning range limit (50%) of conventional two-parallel-plate tunable capacitors. This tunable capacitor also exhibits a very low return loss of less than 0.6 dB in the frequency range from 45 MHz to 10 GHz. The high Q-factor planar coil inductor is first fabricated on a silicon substrate and then assembled to the vertical position by using a novel three-dimensional microstructure assembly technique called plastic deformation magnetic assembly (PDMA). Inductors of different dimensions are fabricated and tested. The S-parameters of the inductors before and after PDMA are measured and compared, demonstrating superior performance due to reduced substrate loss and parasitics. The new vertical planar spiral inductor also has the advantage of occupying much smaller silicon areas than the conventional planar spiral inductors.     

Left-Handed Dipole Antennas and Their Implementations

A new type of dipole antenna using a left-handed transmission line is proposed. The antenna is composed of a transmission line loaded periodically with shunt inductors and series capacitors. The placement of capacitors into one side only of the line leads to currents of different amplitude on the two sides. Because out-of-phase currents have different amplitudes, they do not completely cancel in the far field, and as a result radiate. Numerical investigation of a wire model shows a unique feature of left-handed transmission lines, which is a reduced wavelength with decreasing frequency. Measured results of two antennas are presented. One is a short dipole antenna working at n=-1, based on conventional resonance numbering. The antenna of 0.18 wavelengths in free space has a gain of -3.9 dBi and bandwidth of 1.7% for |S₁₁ |<-10 dB. The other is a meandered dipole antenna working at n=-9. Polarization orthogonal to a right-handed one is achieved by the induced current of |-9| half wavelengths on the meander having 0.77 wavelengths in free space     

基于多开口谐振环的双频左手材料设计

基于多开口谐振环结构,提出一种双频宽带左手材料.结构由正方形谐振环与工字型负载线组合而成,具有频带宽、频率可调与易于加工的特点.通过软件仿真与样品测试提取等效介质参数,结果表明该结构左手频带分别位于7.8~8.2 GHz和8.4~13.4 GHz,左手带宽共计5.4 GHz.相较于传统结构,该结构带宽更宽且在一定范围可对左手频带进行调节.     

Integrated Bandpass Filter at 77 GHz in SiGe Technology

The implementation and characterization of an integrated passive bandpass filter at 77GHz is presented. A lumped elements filter occupying very small die area (110times60mum², without pads) is demonstrated. It is realized with spiral inductors and metal-insulator-metal capacitors. The filter is fabricated in an advanced SiGe:C technology. It has a center frequency of 77.3GHz and a bandwidth of 12GHz. The insertion loss is 6.4dB. This is the first time that integrated inductors are used for filters at millimeter wave frequencies around 80GHz     

Broadband Microstrip Antenna With Left-Handed Metamaterials

A novel type of microstrip antenna is proposed for compact wideband wireless applications. The antenna is composed of six unit cells of left-handed metamaterial (LHM) and a dipole element. The dipole is directly connected to three of six LHM unit cells, which are arranged in a 2 $times$ 3 antenna array form. In this aspect, the proposed antenna is regarded as LHM loaded dipole antenna. The antenna is matched with a stepped impedance transformer and rectangular slot in the truncated ground plane. The coupled LH resonances and simultaneous excitation of different sections of unit cells and dipole result into broad bandwidth. The proposed antenna has a maximum gain of $-$1 dBi at 2.5 GHz. The measured return loss indicates 63% bandwidth for $vert{rm S}11vert≪-10 {rm dB}$ over the band of 1.3–2.5 GHz. The overall size of LHM loaded antenna is $lambda_{0}/2.87timeslambda_{0}/11.27timeslambda_{0}/315.80$ at the center frequency. The radiation of the electrically small LHM unit cells is also demonstrated by the simulated radiation pattern, which is an important concept for the antenna miniaturization.      

Design of Artificial Lumped-Element Coplanar Waveguide Filters With Controllable Dual-Passband Responses

This study develops an analytical design methodology for synthesizing dual-passband filters with controllable frequency responses. The novel dual-passband filters are constructed from the artificial lumped-element coplanar waveguide stub whose behavior is equivalent to that of a parallel connection of series LC and shunt LC resonators. To improve the frequency response within two passbands, the impedance matching and the phase and impedance compensations are employed in filter design by attaching additional inductors and capacitors to dual-passband resonators. Two types of filters with significantly different bandwidth and separation of two passbands are implemented and the measured results are very consistent with the theoretical predictions, sufficiently validating the proposed design methodology and filter configuration. The proposed filters realized by artificial lumped-element resonators provide the advantages over conventional dual-passband filters in terms of compact size, spurious dc passband elimination, and deep suppression between two passbands.      

硅基参数对微带带通滤波器传输特性的影响

随着半导体工艺技术和IC设计技术的飞速发展,硅基滤波器技术也不断更新换代。滤波器传输性能取决于基片介电常数、损耗和厚度等参数。研究了硅基不同厚度、损耗以及掺杂浓度等情况下,中心频率为5.75 GHz附近的平行耦合微带带通滤波器的传输系数和反射系数的频率响应特性。结果表明:当微带线带通滤波器PCB版图确定时,滤波器正向传输系数S21随着基片材料厚度的减小,通频带宽变窄;随着硅掺杂浓度的增加,通带向低频方向偏移;当正切损耗为0.000 4,0.004和0.04时,中心频率处S21分别为-14.18,-2.08和-0.81 dB。理论结果与实验数据进行比较,两者符合较好。     

Surface modes in slab waveguides with a left handed materials cover

The surface mode propagation along a dielectric slab waveguide which consists of the core and substrate of right handed materials (RHM) and the cover of left handed materials (LHM) is studied. The normalized frequency and normalized propagation constant are introduced to the left-handed material slab waveguides. The dispersion relations expressed by the normalized parameters are derived. Universal dispersion curves are obtained analytically. Based on that, the dispersion properties differ dramatically for d...