缺血后海马高迁移率族蛋白与星形胶质纤维酸蛋白表达及相关性

目的研究大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注星形胶质纤维酸蛋白(GFAP)与高迁移率族蛋白(HMGB1)在海马CA1区表达变化,探讨二者之间的关系。方法采用大脑中动脉栓塞2h制备SD大鼠脑缺血模型,60只雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、缺血再灌注组,按1d、3d、7d、14d、28d时间点再分5个亚组,各时间点处死取脑,用免疫组化和荧光双标结合共聚焦扫描的方法来检测高迁移率族蛋白和星形胶质纤维酸蛋白在脑内海马CA1区表达变化。结果不同时间点缺血再灌注组GFAP、HMGB1表达均高于同时期的假手术组(P<0.05)。缺血再灌注组星形胶质细胞1d、3d、7d逐渐激活增生,7d达到高峰,14d开始下降;HMGB1在1d、3d、7d、14d是表达增加,14d达高峰,28d下降(与前一时间点比较P<0.05)。缺血再灌注组GFAP和HMGB1表达具有相关性(P<0.05),存在HMGB1和GFAP共定位细胞。结论脑缺血再灌注后,海马CA1区HMGB1增加与星形胶质细胞激活成正相关,过度表达的HMGB1和增殖的星形胶质细胞可能与缺血再灌注后神经元的迟发性损伤有关。     

大鼠脑缺血再灌注后海马CA1区AS与Syp相关性分析

目的研究大鼠脑组织缺血再灌注后星形胶质细胞与Syp变化的关系。方法建立局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型,72只大鼠随机分为假手术组、缺血再灌注组,各时间点处死取脑,应用免疫组化法检测海马CA1区GFAP、Syp的表达。结果不同时间点缺血再灌注组GFAP、Syp表达均高于同时期假手术组(P<0.01);缺血再灌注组GFAP与Syp高度相关(P<0.01)。结论脑缺血再灌注后,海马CA1区星形胶质细胞与Syp变化具有高度相关性。     

重组人生长激素对脑缺血/再灌注损伤细胞凋亡及Nestin表达的影响

目的观察重组人生长激素(recombinant human growth hormone,rhGH)对脑缺血/再灌注(ischemia-reperfu-sion,I/R)损伤后神经元细胞凋亡及Nestin表达的影响。方法54只SD雄性大鼠随机分成3组:假手术组、对照组(脑缺血/再灌注+生理盐水组)、治疗组(脑缺血/再灌注+重组人生长激素),每组18只。应用线栓法制作大鼠脑缺血/再灌注损伤模型,大脑中动脉缺血2h,分别在再灌注7d、14d、21d后处死,采用TUNEL法,免疫组织化学法检测顶叶皮质内7d、14d、21d的神经元凋亡和巢蛋白(Nestin)的表达。结果应用重组人生长激素干预后顶叶皮质在7d、14d、21d神经元凋亡数较大鼠对照组明显减少,Nestin的表达显著增加。结论rhGH的神经保护作用可能与抑制缺血神经元细胞凋亡和上调Nestin的表达有关。     

脑缺血再灌注损伤后大鼠脑内Nestin、 bFGFmRNA的变化研究

目的研究脑缺血再灌注损伤后大鼠脑内神经干细胞增殖相关因子的变化,包括BrdU Nestin、bFGFmRNA。方法采用大鼠脑中动脉缺血再灌注损伤(middle cerebral artery occlusion,MCAO)模型,分假手术组、模型组两组,应用免疫荧光法检测两组3d、5d、7d、14d、21d、30d病灶侧侧脑室区(subventricle zone,SVZ)、海马齿状回(subdentate gyrus zone,SGZ)BrdU Nestin的变化,以及应用RT-PCR方法观察相应时间点两组病灶侧bFGFmRNA的变化。结果假手术组几乎检测不到BrdU Nestin荧光值、bFGFmRNA的表达;模型组病灶侧Br- dU Nestin荧光值、bFGFmRNA表达增高,两组比较有显著差异(P<0.05);各时间点间模型组病灶侧BrdU Nestin荧光值、bFGFmRNA表达均有显著差异(P<0.05);bFGFmRNA的表达值增强早于BrdU Nestin荧光值。结论大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤可引起病灶侧SVZ、SGZ区神经干细胞反应和增殖;病灶侧bFGFmRNA表达上调可能与神经干细胞增殖分化有关;脑缺血损伤后神经干细胞增殖分化具有时间窗。     

大鼠脑缺血再灌注后海马CA1区星形胶质细胞与突触可塑性的关系

目的 研究大鼠脑组织缺血再灌注后星形胶质细胞与GAP-43变化的关系.方法 建立局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型.72只大鼠随机分为假手术组、缺血再灌注组,在各时间点处死取脑,应用免疫组化法检测海马CA1区GFAP、GAP-43的表达.结果 不同时间点缺血再灌注组GFAP、GAP-43表达均高于同时期假手术组(P＜0.01);缺血再灌注组GFAP与GAP-43高度相关(P＜0.05).结论 脑缺血再灌注后,海马CA1区星形胶质细胞与GAP-43变化具有高度相关性.     

脑缺血再灌注大鼠脑内angiogenin的动态变化

目的观察大鼠脑缺血再灌注后angiogenin（ANG）在脑内表达水平的动态变化。方法大鼠大脑中动脉栓塞法（MCAO法）制作脑缺血再灌注模型,免疫组化染色检测ANG表达水平。结果ANG在正常大鼠脑内普遍弱阳性表达,脑膜、室管膜及血管染色较强。脑缺血2h再灌注3h后缺血脑区ANG表达水平较对侧增强（P＜0．05）,缺血再灌注24h后ANG表达水平达高峰,缺血再灌注3d及7d时ANG表达维持较高水平,缺血再灌注14d时ANG表达水平有所降低,但仍高于对照组,缺血再灌注21d时ANG表达水平与对照无显著差别。结论脑缺血再灌注大鼠缺血脑区ANG表达水平增强,并且表达水平随缺血再灌注后时间而变化。     

雌激素对去卵巢大鼠缺血再灌注脑损伤的保护作用

目的探讨雌激素对去卵巢大鼠缺血再灌注脑损伤的保护作用。方法将大鼠切除双侧卵巢后30d给予肌肉注射苯甲酸雌二醇100μg/(kg·d)连续14d,然后制作大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型;制模12h后取脑组织行免疫组化染色,检测细胞间黏附分子(CD54)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)的表达;TUNEL法检测脑组织凋亡细胞数;电镜观察脑细胞膜超微结构的变化。结果与缺血再灌注组及去卵巢组比较,雌激素组脑组织CD54、TNF-α表达明显降低,凋亡细胞数明显减少(均P<0.05);脑细胞膜结构非特异性损伤减轻。结论雌激素通过减少缺血再灌注大鼠脑组织炎性细胞因子表达、减轻炎症反应、降低脑组织细胞凋亡而发挥脑保护作用。     

重组腺病毒介导的血管生长素基因转染对大鼠局灶性脑缺血的治疗作用

目的观察重组腺病毒介导的血管生长素(ANG)基因转染对局灶性脑缺血再灌注大鼠脑组织的作用。方法制备重组血管生长素腺病毒(Ad-ANG,含绿色荧光蛋白基因)及重组绿色荧光蛋白腺病毒(Ad-GFP)。清洁级雄性SD大鼠随机分成Ad-ANG治疗组和Ad-GFP对照组。线栓法制作脑缺血再灌注模型,缺血90min再灌24h后两组大鼠分别侧脑室注射Ad-GFP或Ad-ANG。Longa法观察两组大鼠神经功能缺失评分;于注射后1d、3d、7d和14d制备脑组织冰冻切片,观察脑内绿色荧光蛋白表达情况,并进行HE染色、vWF因子免疫组化染色、ANG免疫组化染色及细胞凋亡检测。结果 Ad-ANG治疗组在治疗后3d、7d神经功能缺失评分较Ad-GFP对照组有明显改善(P0.05);两组大鼠侧脑室注射重组腺病毒后1d、3d时荧光显微镜下可见室管膜周围及脉络丛有较强的绿色荧光;HE染色可见Ad-ANG治疗组皮层神经元结构清晰,间质水肿、核固缩、核溶解程度较对照组明显减轻;ANG免疫组化结果显示Ad-ANG治疗组大鼠缺血脑组织ANG阳性细胞数在观察各时间点均显著高于Ad-GFP对照组(P0.01);vWF染色及凋亡检测显示3d、7d、14d时Ad-ANG治疗组大鼠缺血侧脑内微血管密度显著高于Ad-GFP对照组(P0.01),凋亡细胞数显著少于Ad-GFP对照组(P0.05)。结论侧脑室注射方式转染Ad-ANG能使脑缺血大鼠脑内ANG阳性细胞数增加,并促使缺血脑区血管生成,减少神经元的凋亡,促进神经功能的恢复,对缺血再灌注损伤脑组织有保护作用。     

腺苷预处理对脑缺血再灌注脑内星形胶质细胞的影响

目的 探讨腺苷预处理对脑缺血再灌注损伤脑内星形胶质细胞的影响.方法 制作大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤模型.60只SD大鼠随机分为3组:假手术组(F组)、缺血再灌注组(IR组)、腺苷预处理组(AP组),再按缺血再灌注后不同时间把各组随机分成4个亚组,每组5只大鼠.应用Zeal Longa 5级评分法进行神经功能评分,并通过免疫组织化学法检测脑组织内胶质纤维酸性蛋白(glial fibrillary acid protein,GFAP)的表达.结果 (1)神经功能评分AP组各亚组均小于IR组各亚组(P均＜0.05),但大于F组各亚组(P均＜0.05);(2)F组GFAP阳性表达均较弱,IR组和AP组在脑缺血再灌注后2h开始出现GFAP阳性表达的细胞数量增多,AP组在6h、24h AP组GFAP阳性表达比IR组增强(P均＜0.05),在72h时AP组GFAP阳性表达较IR组减少(P＜0.05).结论 腺苷预处理能在大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤早期阶段促进GFAP的表达,72h后抑制GFAP的过度表达.     

大鼠局灶性脑缺血/再灌注脑组织NADPH-d染色研究

目的　NO作为中枢神经系统的信使物质和损伤状态下的氧自由基物质在脑缺血性损害中的作用非常复杂 ,研究缺血脑组织内NOS表达的变化对探讨脑缺血损害机制和脑保护十分必要。方法　大鼠大脑中动脉阻塞 (MCAO)脑缺血 /再灌注模型采用线栓法制作 ;脑组织NOS的表达采用常规NADPH d组化染色法。结果　缺血 /再灌注后脑组织神经元NADPH d染色变浅 ,阳性神经元数量减少或消失 ,而脑损伤区内NADPH d染色阳性的脑血管数量增加 ,染色加深。缺血 /再灌注 7d后NADPH d染色逐渐恢复正常。结论　缺血 /再灌注脑损伤中NO的增加可能与脑组织NADPH d表达增加有关 ,但脑组织NADPH d染色尚不能反映缺血脑组织内炎性细胞和胶质细胞NOS(主要是iNOS)表达情况 ,有必要进一步研究。     

Denervation study of synapses of organ of corti of old world monkeys

Fine structural characteristics of synapses in the spiral organ of Corti were examined, with reference to differences between inner and outer haircell systems, and to location of neurons of origin of efferent axons. Surgical interruption of crossed olivocochlear bundle, of vestibular nerve, of facial nerve, and excision of superior cervical ganglia were used to determine the pathways of efferent axons. Interruption of the vestibular nerve near the brainstem results in degeneration of all efferent terminals on outer hair cells. Mid-line lesions at, and caudal to, the facial colliculus result in degeneration of about half of these efferent terminals. Efferent synaptic bulbs to the inner hair-cell system are small, of the order of one micron, and form type 2 junctions with afferent dendrites. They tend to have more large dense-core vesicles (about 80 nm) than the large efferent terminals of the outer hair-cell system, and appear to be the terminals of axons in the habenula perforata, which exhibit varicosities laden with large dense core vesicles. The varicosities are unaffected by excision of the superior cervical ganglia. So far as our material can reveal, it appears that the varicosities in the habenula perforata do not survive vestibular root interruption, nor do the efferent processes in the internal spiral bundle or at the base of inner hair cells. Most interestingly, the afferent processes of the inner hair-cell system, as identified for example by their relation to pre-synaptic bodies in the inner hair cells, are subject to a trans-synaptic reaction after severance of the vestibular root. They undergo a dramatic cytological transformation, characterized by increase of volume, engorgement with microtubules, microfilaments, microvesicles of various sizes, and clusters of lysosomes. Thus, both the efferent and afferent terminals of the inner hair-cell system show marked cytological differences from the corresponding terminals of the outer hair cell system.     

Summary of legislation of 1935 of interest to the department of Mental Hygiene

Psychiatric Quarterly -     

Summary of legislation of 1941 of interest to the Department of Mental Hygiene

Psychiatric Quarterly -     

Asymmetry of on- and off-pathways of blue-sensitive cones of the retina of macaques

Macaque retinal ganglion cells whose receptive-field center recieves input from blue-sensitive cones show an overt asymmetry of the frequency of ON-center and OFF-center varieties, an asymmetry not present in ganglion cells whose center receives input from the other two cone types. A similar asymmetry of ON/OFF responses is found in the local electrotetinogram (d-wave) mediated by signals from blue-sensitive cones. ‘Blue-ON-center’ ganglion cells have larger receptive-field centers and shorter conduction latencies than other opponent-color varieties, suggesting an appreciable degree of receptor convergence and presumably large cell bodies. Intracellular stainings of these neurons with Procion Yellow show that they correspond to diffuse stratified (Parasol) ganglion cells whose flat-topped dendritic arborization stratifies in the sclerad half of the inner plexiform layer. In view of the known characteristics of macaque bipolar cells and of the ON/OFF asymmetry, it is proposed that these ganglion cells are postsynaptic to cone-specific flat bipolars possibly mediating sign-inverting synaptic contacts. The results also indicate a reversal, for the blue-cone pathway, of the ON/OFF lamination of the inner plexiform layer that has recently been described in other species.     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.