Al—Ti—C中间合金的相组成及其细化特性

用专利方法制备出各种成分的Al-Ti-C中间合金作为铝及铝合金的晶粒细化剂。对该系列中间合金的组织和物相分析表明：在制备中间合金过程中,C与Ti反应充分,生成TiC和TiAl3两种管二相,且TiAl3析出量取决于中间合金的Ti含量和Ti/C含量比。用于纯铝的晶粒细化试验表明：与Al-Ti-C中间合金相比,Al-Ti-C中间合金的晶粒细化效率更高;Al-Ti-C中间合金只有在组织中TiC与TiAl3保持适当比例时,才能对纯铝产生良好的晶粒细化效果,不含TiAl3的Al-Ti-C中间合金的晶粒细化作用很微弱;用Al-Ti-C中间合金细化纯铝晶粒时,响应时间短,但衰退较快,且不能通过熔体搅拌法予以消除。分析和探讨了Al-Ti-C中间合金的晶粒细化机理,认为“碳化物理论” 不能充分解释Al-Ti-C的晶粒细化机理,提出“Ti在TiC或TiAl3颗粒表面富集引发包晶反应”的晶粒细化机制。     

Al-Ti-C中间合金对纯镁的细化效果研究

采用不同Ti／C比制备Al-Ti-C中间合金晶粒细化剂，检验其对纯镁的细化效果，并通过光学显微镜（OM）等手段研究了不同相组成的中间合金对纯镁的细化效果的影响。结果表明：Ti／C比分别为8、4、3和2时，Al-Ti-C中间舍金的相组成不同，其中Ti／C比小于4时，相组成为TiC，Al4C3和α-Al基体；含有Al4C3的中间舍金对α-Mg晶粒的细化效果优异，添加量为0．4％的Al-Ti-C对纯镁的细化效果明显；在其它工艺条件不变的前提下，纯镁的最佳细化参数为Ti／C比3，添加量0．6％。     

Al-Ti-C晶粒细化剂制备工艺的研究

利用Al液的高温,使加入其中的Al、Ti、C混合粉末发生SHS反应,制备出了Al-Ti-C中间合金晶粒细化剂,通过扫描电镜（SEM）、光学显微镜（OM）和能谱分析（EDS）等手段,研究了铝粉颗粒大小对制备的Al-Ti-C晶粒细化剂组织结构的影响,考察了制备的Al-Ti-C晶粒细化剂对工业纯Al的晶粒细化效果.结果表明：当铝粉大小为100目～200目的细铝粉时,制备的Al-Ti-C中间合金由块状Al3Ti、粒状TiC和Al基体组成,对工业纯Al具有良好的晶粒细化效果.     

三种中间合金对纯铝晶粒细化作用的对比研究

采用光学显微镜和X射线衍射仪检测分析了Al-5Ti-1B、Al-10Ti和Al-4B三种中间合金的显微组织,并使用这三种合金对纯铝进行了细化实验.结果表明,Al-5Ti-1B中间合金由TiAl3、TiB2和α-Al基体三相组成,Al-10Ti中间合金由TiAl3和α-Al基体两相组成,TiAl3相尺寸不均匀,Al-4B中间合金由AlB2和α-Al基体两相组成.Al-5Ti-1B和Al-10Ti中间合金对于纯铝具有良好的细化作用,Al-4B中间合金对于纯铝几乎无细化效果.TiAl3相时于铝晶粒具有显著的细化作用,在Ti的基础上引入B元素可进一步增强细化作用.     

Al-Ti-C-La中间合金的显微组织及其细化性能研究

以工业纯铝、Al粉、Ti粉、C粉和La_2O_3粉为主要原料,采用铝熔体原位反应法制备新型Al-Ti-C-La中间合金。借助XRD、SEM以及EDS,研究了该中间合金的显微组织和对纯铝的细化效果。结果表明:Al-Ti-C-La中间合金主要由Al基体、长条状Al_3Ti相、颗粒状或团簇状Ti C相以及块状或包裹状Ti_2Al_(20)La相构成。Al-Ti-C-La中间合金的细化效果优于Al-Ti-C中间合金的,且具有良好的抗晶粒细化衰退性能。     

Al-5Ti-B-Ce与Al-5Ti-B-La中间合金对工业纯铝晶粒细化效果的对比

以K2Ti F6、KBF4、Ce、La为原料,采用氟盐反应法制取Al-5Ti-B-Ce与Al-5Ti-B-La中间合金晶粒细化剂,利用光学显微镜(OM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及能谱分析(EDS)等手段,研究了所制得的Al-5Ti-BCe与Al-5Ti-B-La中间合金的第二相形状、大小以及分布等。结果显示,Al-5Ti-B-Ce与Al-5Ti-B-La中间合金的显微组织均由α-Al、块状或条状Ti Al3、Ti B2颗粒,块状Ti2Al20RE组成;中间合金中Ti Al3、Ti2Al20RE分布情况、形状及大小不同,且Ti B2颗粒分布及聚集情况不同。自制Al-5Ti-B-Ce与Al-5Ti-B-La中间合金对工业纯铝都有很好的细化效果。在铝熔体温度770℃、细化剂添加量为铝熔体质量的0.3%、保温10 min的条件下,Al-5Ti-B-Ce中间合金对工业纯铝的细化效果优于从国外某公司进口的和国内某公司生产的Al-5Ti-B中间合金对工业纯铝的细化效果。     

稀土含量对铝中间合金组织和性能的影响

采用纯钛颗粒法制取不同RE含量的AI-Ti-B-RE中间合金,用XRD、SEM及EDS对其进行微观组织分析.对比研究了改变稀土含量对铝中间合金组织和细化性能的影响.结果表明:添加适量的稀土元素能提高中间合金的细化能力:当稀土含量为1wt%时,中间合金中的第二相粒子Al3Ti、TiB2和Ti2A120Ce呈细小块状,尺寸均匀,弥散分布在α-Al基体上,无偏聚现象;在对纯铝的细化性能试验中,其平均晶粒尺寸达到79.34μm,细化效果较好.     

辐照参数对激光引燃自蔓延合成Al-Ti-C中间合金的影响

采用激光引燃自蔓延高温合成技术制备Al-Ti-C中间合金,研究了改变激光辐照参数对合成Al-Ti-C中间合金显微组织结构的影响,并用所制备的中间合金对工业纯铝进行细化试验。结果表明:激光辐照时间为1.0s、功率控制在1000W时,制备的Al-Ti-C中间合金生成TiAl3和TiC粒子弥散分布、TiAl3直径在1.5μm左右,TiC粒子直径为1μm。向工业纯铝中加入0.1%的Al-Ti-C中间合金具有最佳的细化效果,细化后晶粒的尺寸为120μm。     

原料加入温度对Al-Ti-C晶粒细化剂显微组织的影响

采用K2TiF6、石墨粉和纯铝为主要原料的原位反应方法制备了Al-Ti-C晶粒细化剂.通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜和能谱分析等方法分析了Al-Ti-C中间合金的显微组织.试验结果表明,K2TiF6和石墨粉同温下加入时,Al3Ti呈块状分布,不同温度下加入时则呈针状或长条状分布.随着K2TiF6和石墨粉加入温度的不同,Al-Ti-C中间合金中TiC粒子的生成机制也不同.     

Al-Ti-C-RE中间合金的制备及细化性能研究

以工业纯铝、Ti粉、石墨粉、富铈稀土为主要原料,制备了Al-5Ti-0.25C-2RE中间合金,并对纯铝进行了细化试验.通过光学显微镜、X射线衍射、扫描电镜以及能谱分析等方法,研究了该中间合金的微观组织和细化性能.结果表明:Al-5Ti-0.25C-2RE细化剂主要由α-Al基体、TiAl3、TiC、Al20Ti2Ce等相组成;稀土元素的加入促进了TiC的形成;细化剂最佳添加量为0.5wt％,保温120 min,此时细化剂都具有良好的细化效果.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.