烧结温度对原位反应TiB2/B4C复合材料的组织与力学性能的影响

为了降低B_4C的烧结温度,提高B_4C断裂韧性,本文以B_4C、TiO_2、活性炭为原料,采用原位反应法热压烧结制备了TiB_2体积分数为10％的TiB_2/B_4C复合材料。探索了烧结温度对复合材料组织和力学性能的影响规律。结果表明,随烧结温度的提高,复合材料的抗弯强度和断裂韧性先增大后减小,在2050℃时有最大值,分别为544MPa和6.3MPa·m~(1/2),弹性模量和断裂韧性变化不大。随烧结温度的升高,基体和第二相晶粒逐渐长大。采用2050℃/1h/35MPa为最佳烧结工艺。     

烧结温度对BN-ZrB_2-ZrO_2复相陶瓷结构与性能的影响

以h-BN为基体材料,ZrO2、AlN、B2O3和Si等为改性剂,采用反应热压烧结工艺制备BN-ZrB2-ZrO2复相陶瓷,研究了烧结温度对BN基复相陶瓷物相组成、致密化、微观结构及力学性能的影响。结果表明:提高烧结温度可促进ZrB2相的形成,烧结后的复合陶瓷中出现SiAlON相;随烧结温度升高,样品相对密度、抗弯强度和断裂韧性都呈现先升高后降低趋势,烧结温度为1 900℃时材料的相对密度、抗弯强度和断裂韧性最高,分别为95.2%、226.0MPa和3.4MPa·m1/2。ZrB2相的存在显著提高了BN基复相陶瓷的力学性能。与热压烧结纯BN陶瓷相比,BN-ZrB2-ZrO2复相陶瓷的抗弯强度提高了183%,且该复相陶瓷主要以沿晶断裂为主,高温下烧结的样品中出现晶粒拔出现象,并伴随有少量穿晶断裂。     

新型MAX相陶瓷Mo2Ga2C的放电等离子烧结

Mo2Ga2C是一种新型MAX相，该材料粉体已经可以被稳定的制备。但是Mo2Ga2C粉体不容易被烧结为致密的块体。本文采用放电等离子烧结技术(SPS)高温处理Mo2Ga2C粉体，通过对制备样品的物相组成和微观结构的表征，研究Mo2Ga2C的烧结性能。SPS烧结Mo2Ga2C 的最佳工艺参数为：烧结温度700℃，保温时间20min，轴向压力30MPa。在此条件下SPS烧结Mo2Ga2C样品相对密度达到71.81%。延长保温时间比升高烧结温度对Mo2Ga2C的致密化有更明显的助益；而增大轴向压力对样品的致密化产生负影响。相对于热压烧结，SPS可以在较低的温度快速制备Mo2Ga2C样品，但是制备的样品的致密度较低。     

石墨烯纳米片复合氧化锆陶瓷的制备与性能研究

放电等离子体烧结(SPS)技术作为一种比较新的烧结技术已经被广泛用于制备各种材料。本文以3Y-ZrO_2粉体和石墨烯纳米片为原料,采用SPS技术制备了石墨烯纳米片复合ZrO_2陶瓷,利用扫描电镜、透射电镜和X射线衍射仪等对烧结样品的显微结构和晶相进行了表征,同时对所制备材料的密度、显微硬度和断裂韧性进行了测试。结果表明,烧结温度和石墨烯纳米片对所制备样品的显微结构和性能都有显著的影响。随着烧结温度的增加,样品的密度提高,晶粒生长明显。而石墨烯纳米片的引入则显著抑制了ZrO_2晶粒的生长,但是由于分散性问题,其显微硬度和断裂韧性反而略有降低。     

放电等离子烧结SiC/BN复相陶瓷的制备及力学性能

以高纯h-BN和SiC纳米粉体为原料、B_2O_3为烧结助剂,利用放电等离子烧结技术(SPS)快速烧结制备了h-BN–25%SiC复相陶瓷。用X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜对试样的物相组成和显微结构进行分析,研究了h-BN–SiC复相陶瓷的SPS低温烧结行为及烧结温度对烧结试样的致密度、微观结构及力学性能的影响。结果表明:采用SPS烧结技术,在较低温度下即可获得致密度较高的烧结样品,烧结温度的升高,促进了h-BN晶粒的方向性排列,提高了烧结样品的相对密度。随着烧结温度的提高,晶粒尺寸增大,抗弯强度、断裂韧性和弹性模量增大,并具有相同的变化趋势。样品晶粒细小均匀,不同烧结温度样品的断裂方式相同,主要为沿晶断裂,细小SiC颗粒的钉扎效应、晶粒拔出和裂纹偏转提高了复相陶瓷的断裂强度和断裂韧性。在1 600℃烧结所得试样的综合性能较好,其抗弯强度、断裂韧性和弹性模量分别为289.2 MPa、3.45 MPa·m1/2和150.9 GPa。     

烧成温度对MgO-TiO2复合无机陶瓷微滤膜支撑体性能的影响

采用添加造孔剂高温烧结法制备了氧化镁-二氧化钛（MgO-TiO₂）复合无机陶瓷微滤膜支撑体。分别研究了相同烧结制度下不同最高烧结温度、相同最高烧结温度不同的烧结制度下样品的孔隙率、抗弯强度及纯水通量的变化情况。采用热重分析（TG-DSC）、电子扫描电镜（SEM）和万能试验机等对样品进行热分析、观察样品形貌及抗弯强度等性能测试。研究表明,最高烧结温度和烧结制度对样品的性能有很大影响,采用最高烧结温度为1 400 ℃、升温速率分别为4、8、2 ℃/min的1400-482烧结制度所制备的支撑体的性能最佳,孔隙率为37.57%,抗弯强度为108.65 MPa,纯水通量为4 040 L/（m²?h?MPa）。     

放电等离子烧结工艺对ZrB_2-YAG陶瓷力学性能的影响

ZrB2具有优良的物理特性和化学稳定性而应用于许多领域,但是ZrB2难以烧结致密和在高温条件下容易被氧化.为了充分发挥ZrB2的优点,改善ZrB2的缺点,本文采用共沉淀法制备壳核式Al2O3-Y2O3/ZrB2复合粉体,通过放电等离子烧结法制备高致密的ZrB2-YAG陶瓷.研究结果表明:烧结温度由1300℃到1700℃时,陶瓷杨氏模量和断裂韧性都增大;在20MPa前,陶瓷杨氏模量和断裂韧性随着烧结压力增大而逐渐增大;在保温时间小于4min,陶瓷的杨氏模量和断裂韧性随着保温时间的延长而增大.     

AlN-Pr2O3液相烧结SiC陶瓷

以AlN、Pr2O3做为SiC陶瓷液相烧结的复合助剂,选定不同的助剂含量(5wt％～ 20wt％)和不同的助剂摩尔比例(Pr2O3/AlN=1/3、1/1、3/1),在1800～2000℃温度下,采用热压和无压烧结的方法制备SiC陶瓷样品,并对这些陶瓷样品的性能进行了研究.实验结果表明,助剂比1/3组的样品显示出更有效地促进SiC陶瓷致密化,该组样品无压烧结最大相对密度为87％,热压烧结具有最高的相对密度96.1％、维氏硬度23.4 GPa、抗弯强度549.7MPa、断裂韧性5.36 MPa·m1/2,显微结构中可观察到晶粒拔出现象,断裂模式为沿晶断裂.     

浆料直写成形ZrO_2陶瓷制备及烧结

为浆料直写成形工艺制备了一种高固相含量的水基ZrO_2陶瓷浆料,并用该工艺打印陶瓷坯体,1350～1550℃烧结后制备ZrO_2陶瓷样品。研究烧结温度对样品收缩率、密度、气孔率、相结构、力学性能、微观形貌和表面质量的影响,并与其他制造工艺进行性能比较。结果表明:在1550℃烧结2 h,直写成形ZrO_2陶瓷综合性能最佳,其晶粒细小、显微结构均匀、致密性好,相对密度、抗弯强度、硬度和断裂韧性分别为99.2%、676MPa、12.5 GPa和6.2 MPa·m~(1/2)。在挤出增材制造工艺中,烧结样品具有高的致密度和优异的力学性能。     

BNNTs/SiC陶瓷复合材料的制备与性能研究

以SiC为基体,Y_2O_3和Al_2O_3为烧结助剂,氮化硼纳米管(BNNTs)为增韧补强剂,采用喷雾造粒和干压成型方法,通过真空无压烧结工艺制备了BNNTs/SiC陶瓷复合材料。讨论BNNTs添加量和烧结工艺对BNNTs/SiC陶瓷复合材料的致密度、微观结构和力学性能的影响。实验结果表明:采用单因素法得到BNNTs的最佳添加量为1.5 wt.%和压制压力为100 MPa,确定了最佳烧成制度为:最高温度2050℃,保温时间2.5 h。采用阿基米德排水法测试样品密度,其相对密度达到99.0%,通过三点弯曲法和压痕法分别测试了样品的抗弯强度、断裂韧性和维氏硬度。BNNTs/SiC的抗弯强度、断裂韧性和维氏硬度分别达到了546.3 MPa、6.53 MPa·m~(1/2)和26.8 GPa。     

ZrO2-AlN复相材料的制备与性能研究

试样以部分稳定氧化锆（PSZ）和金属Al粉为原料。在N5气氛下经1600℃×4h烧结可制备出以AIN为结合相的ZrO2-AlN复相材料（ZAN）。试验研究了金属Al的氮化反应过程。以及金属Al的加入量对复相材料性能的影响。结果显示：Al粉反应生成AIN的全过程,主要由界面反应和内扩散反应交替完成．且整个反应过程应为扩散机制控制。随金属Al粉引入量的增加、ZAN试样的热膨胀系数减小,抗折强度增大,抗热震性及抗氧化性提高。ZAN-3试样的综合性能优良,其常温抗折强度为73．61MPa,热膨胀系数为6．06×10^-6/℃。室温～1100℃水冷残余抗折强度为4．64MPa。     

Mechanical and tribological properties of alumina-MWCNTs composites sintered by rapid hot-pressing

Alumina – MWCNTs composites were prepared using a novel approach. This process comprises functionalization of MWCNTs and stabilization of alumina-MWCNTs dispersion with subsequent freezing, which resulted in formation of granulated powders with homogeneous distribution of MWCNTs. The granulated powders were sintered by rapid hot pressing (RHP) at 1550 °C. Relative densities, microstructural analysis, tribological properties, fracture toughness and bending strength of prepared composites were investigated to reveal the effect of MWCNTs. Compared to pure alumina, bending strength and fracture toughness of dense alumina-5 vol.% MWCNTs composites decreased about 37% and 18%, respectively. At higher MWCNT contents, strength remained almost constant and fracture toughness slightly increased. Thus, the positive effect of CNTs on fracture toughness was demonstrated despite their counteracting effect on the refinement of the microstructure.     

Neutron adsorption performance of Dy2TiO5 materials obtained from powders synthesized by the molten salt method

Dy₂TiO₅ powders were synthesized by molten salt and solid-state methods. The influences of molten medium on phase compositions and microstructures were analyzed. The addition of molten salt lowered significantly the synthesis temperature and resulted in uniform powders. Green bodies compacted from the prepared powders were pressureless sintered at 1600 °C. Sinterability, mechanical properties and neutron absorption performance of the sintered pellets were studied. Results showed that molten salt synthesis resulted in materials with higher fracture toughness and bending strength, excellent hardness and neutron adsorption performance compared to the solid-state process. The neutron absorption rate reached 86.6% for 8 cm thick pellets.     

超塑性Y-TZP增韧陶瓷超细粉末的研究

用化学共沉淀法制备了3mol％Y_2O_3-ZrO_2超细粉末。利用热分析,x射线,透射电镜,颗粒粒度分析仪分析了粉料的相组成;颗粒形貌、大小;粉料的团聚状态;化学组成的均一性以及其烧结性能,并结合烧结试样的显微结构和力学性能对粉末的性能做出了评价。实验表明,所制备的粉料组成较为均匀;粒度分布窄;团聚体尺寸小,烧结活性高;颗粒粒度约为200(?)。粉料的相组成主要为四方相和约26％的单斜相。3Y-TZP陶瓷材料三点弯曲强度达1479.14MPa,断裂韧性为13.2MPa·m~(1/2),超塑性压缩变形达190％。     

Properties of β-Ca3(PO4)2 bioceramics prepared using nano-size powders

Nano-size β-TCP powders with average grain size of 100 nm were prepared by the precipitation method. The sinterability of the nano-size powders, and the microstructure, mechanical strength and the in vitro degradability of the prepared β-TCP bioceramics were investigated. The results showed that the nano-size powders possessed superior sintering properties as compared to the micro-size powders. The densification temperature and phase transition temperature of β-TCP bioceramics prepared using nano-size powders was clearly lower than that prepared using micro-size powders, and the maximum value of the bending strength, elastic modulus, Vickers hardness and compressive strength of the samples fabricated from nano-size powders were more than two-times higher as compared to those of samples fabricated from micro-size powders. Furthermore, the degradability of the β-TCP bioceramics fabricated from nano-size powders was much lower than for micro-size powders, suggesting the possible control of the degradability of the bioceramics by regulating powder size.     

自生晶须强韧化莫来石材料的研究

采用溶胶－凝胶法制备Al2O3-SiO粉料，并通过二步加热处理工艺制备自生晶须莫来石材料。研究结果表明，凝胶胶化时间、干凝胶预烧温度和粉料粒度以及生坯密度对自生晶须有重要影响，自生晶须对莫来石材料有明显的强韧化作用。     

Fabrication and characterization of porous mullite ceramics with ultra-low shrinkage and high porosity via sol-gel and solid state reaction methods

Porous mullite ceramics with ultra-low shrinkage and high porosity were prepared by solid state reaction between MoO₃ and mullite precursor powders which were synthesized from tetraethylorthosilicate and aluminium nitrate nonahydrate via sol-gel methods. The synthetic process of mullite precursor powder and effects of MoO₃ amount on the phase composition, microstructure, physical properties such as firing shrinkage, open porosity, bending strength, water absorption and bulk density of porous mullite ceramics were investigated. The results indicated that the addition of MoO₃ not only lowered the mullite forming temperature from 985.4 to 853.3 °C, but also restrained densification behavior of samples due to the formation of mullite and Al₂O₃–MoO₃ solid solution, besides, MoO₃ also improves the formability, open porosity and bending strength of samples. The optimal amounts of MoO₃ is 8 wt%, and the resultant samples exhibit outstanding properties, including a low shrinkage rate of 1.86 ± 0.07%, an open porosity of 61.91 ± 0.16% and a bending strength of 9.35 ± 1.11 MPa.     

Toughening macroporous alumina membrane supports with YSZ powders

Macroporous alumina is an important support in membrane fields because of its stabilities to withstand exposure to high temperature, harsh chemical environment and high mechanical strength. However, the essence of brittleness can greatly shorten the life span and restrict the application fields. In this paper, YSZ (ZrO₂ stabilized by 3 mol% Y₂O₃) powders were added into alumina powders to improve the fracture toughness of macroporous Al₂O₃ supports sintered at 1400 °C and 1600 °C. The results show that the fracture toughness and the corresponding bending strength of supports are simultaneously greatly influenced by various YSZ contents. When YSZ content is 6 wt%, the maximum value of the fracture toughness is 3.0 MPa·m^1/2, and the bending strength is up to 90 MPa. By SEM and XRD analysis, the phase transformation of the uniform distribution t-ZrO₂ into m-ZrO₂ is the main cause which improves the fracture toughness of macroporous Al₂O₃ supports. Lowering of the sintering temperature by adding YSZ additives is also discovered here. The fracture toughness of the supports sintered at 1400 °C by adding YSZ powder is higher than that of the supports sintered at 1600 °C without adding any additives.     

具有固定硅铝比的Al2O3-2SiO2纳米颗粒制备:过程优化与粉体转化（英文）

Attempts had been made to synthesize Al2O3-2SiO2 nanopowders by sol-gel method with tetraethoxysilane(TEOS) and aluminum nitrate(ANN) as the starting materials.DTS,TEM,SEM and BET were employed to study the effects of process parameters on the size,specific surface area and structure(morphology) of powders.The alkali-activation reactivity of the powders was tested for manufacturing geopolymers and their hydrothermal reactions were performed for fabricating zeolites.The results show that the optimum process parameters and drying method for preparing Al2O3-2SiO2 nanopowders are as follows:the molar ratio of water and ethanol to TEOS are 0:1 and 12:1 respectively at synthetic temperature of 50 ℃ and the drying method is azeotropic distillation with microwave drying.The average particle diameters of the powders were about 70 nm and the largest BET specific surface area was up to 669 m2·g·1.The compressive strength of the geopolymer and the calcium exchange capacity(by CaCO3) of NaA zeolite prepared with the powders reached to 29 MPa and 366 mg·g·1 respectively.     

PS/CF复合粉末激光选区烧结工艺研究

为提高聚苯乙烯粉末烧结件的强度,制备了聚苯乙烯/碳纤维(PS/CF)复合粉末,采用正交实验方法研究了不同工艺参数对PS/CF复合粉末SLS烧结件弯曲强度的影响,确定了最优工艺参数。结果表明,复合粉末试样的弯曲强度最高可达7.49 MPa,比纯PS粉提高2.88倍;弯曲强度随扫描速度和层厚的增大而减小,随预热温度的增加而增大;PS/CF复合粉末的最优工艺参数为扫描速度1 800 mm/s,预热温度85℃,层厚0.18 mm。