阵列电极技术在腐蚀领域的应用进展

阵列电极是由一系列规则排列的微电极阵列组成的复合电极,可以实现传统电化学测量中对大面积电极的统计平均信号的获取,而且可以给出电极微区的电位和电流大小和分布信息,从而准确表征电极表面的电化学不均匀性。本文就阵列电极技术在腐蚀领域的应用进展,及其优势与不足进行了总结,并对该技术的发展前景进行了展望。     

微细阵列群电极电解加工关键技术研究

提出了基于阴极优化的微细阵列圆柱凸台群电极电化学腐蚀加工法。根据电化学腐蚀基本原理,通过有限元方法分析计算群电极电化学腐蚀加工过程中的电极表面电场分布,以电流密度分布均匀性为目标,优化设计阴极形状,并进行阵列群电极制备。在制备出直径均匀的阵列群电极的基础上,探索用局部涂胶保护法制备大长径比的盘状阵列群电极,用于微细孔电解加工,进一步提高电解加工的定域性。     

丝束电极技术在局部腐蚀研究中的应用

近年来,丝束电极技术作为一种新型电化学测试技术得到快速发展。本文介绍了丝束电极技术的工作原理及其测控技术,重点阐述了该技术在局部腐蚀电化学研究中的应用,并展望了其未来的发展方向。     

短期贮存对金属铜腐蚀电化学行为的影响

采用动电位极化(PDS)、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)、电容测量以及阵列电极等技术研究了Cu的短期贮存对其腐蚀电化学行为的影响。结果表明,金属Cu表面膜呈现p型半导体结构,经过短期贮存后载流子浓度减小,腐蚀电位正移,腐蚀电流密度下降,表面膜对腐蚀阴极过程、阳极过程均有抑制作用。Cu在NaCl液滴下呈现典型的局部腐蚀特征;经过贮存后,电极表面润湿性减弱,腐蚀活性降低,总体平均腐蚀强度减弱,但是局部腐蚀强度反而增强。     

阵列电极法测量聚合物／金属界面电位分布

提出一种微计算机控制的阵列电极技术,用于原位测量金属/聚合物界面电位分布。阵列电极由64根金属丝组成,它们相互绝缘、紧密排列,形成8×8阵列电极。由此可研究有关腐蚀物质如O_2、H_2O等在聚合物涂层中的传输过程,研究聚合物涂层的不均一性及缺陷分布以及研究聚合物/金属界面的腐蚀破坏的电化学机理。     

X70管线钢在热带海水-海泥跃变区的腐蚀行为研究

利用阵列电极技术、线性极化和电化学阻抗等电化学分析技术及腐蚀形貌观察和腐蚀产物物相分析,研究了X70管线钢在海水-海泥跃变区中的腐蚀行为与规律。结果表明,X70管线钢在海水-海泥跃变区形成宏观氧浓差电池,海泥区域及近海水-海泥界面的海水区域为电偶腐蚀阳极区域,海水区域为电偶腐蚀阴极区域;腐蚀后期阶段,海泥下部的电极变为阴极,成为主要的阴极反应区域。海水中的电极腐蚀速率大于海泥中的,而在近海水-海泥界面的区域形成了腐蚀电流峰。海水中高含量的溶解氧促进了电极表面腐蚀产物层的致密化,电荷转移电阻增大;在腐蚀后期,海泥底部硫酸盐还原菌参与了腐蚀反应,生成了硫化物,导致阴极电流密度增大,加快了整个电极的腐蚀速率。     

阵列电极(WBE)联合线性极化技术(LP)研究海水-大气界面区碳钢的腐蚀行为

金属在海水-大气界面的水线腐蚀严重,腐蚀机理复杂,具有重要的科学研究价值。通过阵列电极(WBE)测试技术捕获部分浸泡于海水中的碳钢阵列电极的阴阳极分布规律;通过线性极化技术(LP)测试获得垂直于海水-大气界面的碳钢阵列电极列的腐蚀电流与腐蚀电位;通过电化学阻抗谱(EIS)与腐蚀形貌观察法相结合的方法探讨了垂直于海水-大气界面的碳钢阵列电极列的腐蚀机理差异。结果表明:垂直于海水-大气界面的碳钢分别在水线区域和近海水-大气界面的海水区域存在两个腐蚀峰,腐蚀峰的腐蚀电流是其他区域的3~10倍;大气中的腐蚀电位高于海水中,处于海水中的碳钢腐蚀电位随浸泡时间逐渐升高而处于大气中的腐蚀电位逐渐下降;海水中碳钢的腐蚀产物疏松、附着力差,在大气中则腐蚀产物致密、附着力强;海水-大气界面区碳钢的腐蚀是由电位差、溶解氧浓度、腐蚀产物等多因素控制的。     

电化学测试技术在垢下腐蚀中的应用

针对垢下腐蚀进行了简要分析,着重介绍了电化学测试技术在垢下腐蚀研究领域中的应用现状,并进一步展望了垢下腐蚀研究中电化学测试技术今后的发展方向。目前,线性极化、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)、电化学噪声分析(EN)与丝束电极(WBE)技术是研究垢下腐蚀行为的最优选择。为了弥补采用单一电化学测试技术的不足,两种及以上电化学测试技术联合运用将会成为垢下腐蚀电化学测试技术的主流方向。     

电化学方法和丝束电极在局部腐蚀研究中的应用

综述了常规电化学方法和扫描微探针技术的测试原理和应用现状,重点探讨了丝束电极在金属不同类型局部腐蚀研究中的应用。丝束电极技术能够获得不同位置点腐蚀电位、电流密度,从而获得界面等电位图和电流分布图等信息。丝束电极技术与常规电化学方法和微区扫描探针技术联合应用,可克服丝束电极技术只能测量宏观尺度电流电位分布不均的缺点,扩展丝束电极技术的研究范围。     

金属腐蚀微区电化学研究进展(3) 扫描振动电极技术

近年来,随着微区电化学理论与测试技术的发展,微区电化学技术在腐蚀领域已作为一种重要的测试方法被广泛应用,本文概括了扫描振动电极的基本原理,重点对该技术在金属腐蚀研究领域的应用进行了阐述。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.