色谱技术在检测牛奶中激素类药物残留的应用

当前社会食品的质量安全不容忽视,其中奶制品的食用安全成了整个社会所关注的话题,因此,对于奶制品的安全检查、药物检查是食品研究领域的重点检测方向之一。牛奶中的激素类药物的残留问题是牛奶安全检测中的重要问题,本文阐述了色谱技术在检测牛奶中激素类药物残留的应用,文章最后还对牛奶安全检测的技术方法未来发展趋势进行了探究。     

液质联用技术在兽药多类别、多组分残留 分析中的应用研究进展

兽药残留分析是食品安全实验室最广泛开展的分析项目之一,液质联用技术已成为兽药残留分析的关键技术和研究手段。除进行少数目标组分的定量测定外,多类别、多组分兽药的同时同步分析成为近年来兽药残留分析的发展趋势。液相色谱串联三级四极杆质谱和液相色谱串联高分辨质谱在兽药多残留分析中各有其特点和优势,各国研究者在牛奶、动物组织等动物源性食品中开展了抗生素等多残留的检测研究与应用工作。本文就目前液质联用技术及其在兽药多残留分析中的应用做一概述。     

色谱-质谱联用技术在农药残留中的应用

农药残留严重危害人类健康,需要进行有效检测和严格控制。色谱-质谱联用技术的飞速发展使其在农药残留检测中得到了广泛应用。本文概述了色谱-质谱联用技术和农药残留以及色谱-质谱联用技术在农药残留中的应用,并展望了色谱-质谱联用技术的应用前景。     

基于色谱-质谱联用技术的食品中农药残留高通量非靶向检测技术研究进展

农药残留导致的食品安全事件威胁人们的健康和生命。现阶段食品中的农药残留具有品类多、残留量低且施用未知等特点,检测难度较大。因此,开发食品中农药残留高通量非靶向检测技术具有重要意义。色谱-质谱联用技术因具有高分离、高鉴别、高通量、非靶向等优点,在农药残留检测领域得到了广泛应用。本文对近10年国内外基于色谱-质谱联用技术的食品中农药残留高通量非靶向检测相关报道进行归纳和总结,简要介绍食品中多农药残留检测的现状,重点从多维色谱及高分辨质谱技术的开发、吸附材料及样品前处理技术的改进、化学计量学方法的优化等方面阐述色谱-质谱联用技术在食品中农药残留检测中的应用进展,并对其存在的问题提出相关建议,以期为色谱-质谱联用技术在食品中多农药残留检测领域的相关研究应用提供新的参考依据。     

色谱技术在检测牛奶中激素类药物残留的应用

牛奶中激素类药物残留的检测是保证人们放心食用安全牛奶的重要环节,检测技术是解决此问题的关键。本文分别介绍了色谱技术在检测牛奶中五类激素类药物残留的应用情况,分析不同色谱技术的优缺点,并对牛奶中激素类药物残留检测技术的发展趋势进了展望。     

液质联用技术在水产品药物残留快检中的应用

水产品中各种抗生素、抗菌药、激素和工业污染物残留,已成为当前影响我国水产品进出口的重要因素,如何对水产品中此类残留物质进行快速准确地检测并监管,成为亟待检测工作者解决的问题.为此,通过对目前常用的快速检测方法进行对比分析,笔者寻找到一种较为理想的方法,即利用液质联用技术(液相色谱-质谱联用技术)对水产品中的药物残留进行检测.     

胶体金法定性检测牛奶中林可霉素的应用

对胶体金免疫层析法检测牛奶中林可霉素进行了检出限、重复性、干扰实验、批量检测等的测试,在保证检验结果准确性的前提下,将此方法与高效液相色谱技术、高效液相色谱串联质谱、液相色谱-质谱联用技术(LC-MS/MS)、氮磷气相色谱检测法、薄层色谱、气相色谱等其他检测林可霉素方法相比,此方法样本前处理简单、仪器设备投资少,检测成本低,可作为牛奶中林可霉素药物残留快速筛选的首选方法。     

强极性农药残留检测方法的研究进展

草甘膦等强极性农药大量应用于农业中,其本体及代谢物广泛残留于食品、土壤、水质及生态环境中,因其具有一定的毒害性,如何检测备受人们关注。本文对近年来强极性农药残留检测方法的研究进行了总结,包括衍生法-色谱-质谱联用、非衍生法-液相色谱-质谱联用、离子色谱及离子色谱-串联质谱、毛细管电泳法、ICP-MS或ICP-MS/MS与色谱的联用、快速检测技术（酶联免疫吸附法、免疫传感器法、离子迁移谱（IMS）法、分子印迹-化学传感器法、电化学法）等技术的研究现状和应用情况,为强极性农药及其代谢物残留检测提供参考。     

液相色谱-质谱联用技术在磺胺类药物残留检测中的应用

磺胺类药物残留会通过生物链进入人体,产生蓄积,从而对人体健康造成严重危害。因而,需要一种高效灵敏且快速准确的检测技术来对其残留量进行严格控制。液相色谱-质谱联用技术具有高灵敏度和高速高效等优势,现已被广泛应用于磺胺类药物残留的检测。本文简单概述了磺胺类药物和液相色谱-质谱联用技术,并浅析了液相色谱-质谱联用技术在磺胺类药物残留检测中的应用,以期为磺胺类药物残留的检测提供参考。     

液质联用技术在喹诺酮类药物残留中的应用

喹诺酮类药物残留通过生物链在人体内蓄积,进而危害人体健康。因而,需要一种对其含量进行严格控制并且快速准确、高效灵敏的检测技术。液相色谱-质谱联用技术拥有高速高效、高灵敏度、定性分析和定量分析等优势,因而在喹诺酮类药物残留中得到广泛应用。本文简单介绍了喹诺酮类药物残留和液相色谱-质谱联用技术,简析了液质联用技术在喹诺酮类药物残留检测中的应用,期望为检测喹诺酮类药物残留提供参考。     

牛、羊乳及其乳制品中幽门螺杆菌污染及检测技术研究进展

近年来大量研究已经表明幽门螺杆菌（Helicobacter pylori,Hp）可能是种食源性致病菌,而牛、羊乳是其最可能的感染源。食物中较难分离培养出Hp,而聚合酶链式反应相关技术灵敏度高,能检出样品中微量的Hp,可用于检测牛、羊乳中幽门螺杆菌的污染情况,但是与人类临床方面检测Hp技术的多样性、特异性与成熟性相比,食品中Hp快速而有效的检测方法及相关标准还相对缺乏。本文主要就近年来牛、羊乳及其乳制品中幽门螺杆菌污染及检测技术的研究进展进行综述,为进一步完善Hp传播途径与致病机制等研究提供一些参考。     

Practical Food Safety Interventions for Dairy Production

Consumers are increasingly concerned about the safety of their food and uncertain about food production practices. Potential threats to human health related to dairy products and dairy farming include errors in pasteurization, consumption of raw milk products, contamination of milk products by emerging heat-resistant pathogens, emergence of antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic pathogens, chemical adulteration of milk, transmission of zoonotic pathogens to humans through animal contact, and foodborne disease related to cull dairy cows. Most dairy farmers feel responsible for the safety of milk and beef that originate on their farms, but linkage between farm production practices and the quality of processed products have been weak. The safety of dairy products can be enhanced by adoption of a number of management practices. Sources of microbial contamination of milk must be minimized by adoption of hygienic standards that can be easily evaluated. Uniform adoption of milking practices that reduce microbial contamination of milk should be emphasized. The diagnosis of salmonellosis or listeriosis on a dairy farm should be regarded as an indication that other potentially infected animals may be present in the herd. Coliform counts on bulk tank milk should be routinely performed as an indicator of fecal contamination. A reduction in the national regulatory limit for somatic cells in bulk tank milk should be considered based on potential enhancements in milk safety. Dairy farmers must take responsibility for the market cattle leaving their farms. The inappropriate or prophylactic use of antimicrobial agents must be minimized to ensure that antimicrobial resistance does not develop in animal pathogens. Consumers can have confidence in food safety programs on dairy farms that promote awareness and accountability for the products that are produced.     

2006-2008年广州市部分食品中违法添加物监测结果分析

目的了解广州市部分食品违法添加非食用物质现状。方法 2006—2008年对广州市市售水产品、保鲜食品、豆制品、粮食、蜜饯、蛋及蛋制品、乳及乳制品等进行食品污染物监测,同时进行部分非食用物质的监测。结果水产品、保鲜食品、豆制品中的甲醛检出率分别为21.21%、44.38%、1.14%,其中一份保鲜食品甲醛检出值最高达2 851.00 mg/kg;粮食、蜜饯、豆制品中的甲醛次硫酸氢钠(吊白块)均未检出;蛋及蛋制品中的苏丹红I～IV均未检出;乳及乳制品、含乳饮料中的三聚氰胺检出率分别为17.65%、11.11%,其中乳及乳制品三聚氰胺最高检出值达328.00 mg/kg。结论目前广州市市售部分食品仍存在违法添加非食用物质现象,应引起相关监管部门重视。     

Consumer preferences for the color of unprocessed animal foods

Consumer choices for food products are often based on appearance; one important aspect being product color. We systematically review the literature on consumer preferences for the color of raw beef, pork, poultry, bee honey, cow milk, and chicken eggs to inform future food technology and marketing research; a total of 40 studies were identified. Consumer preferences for pork color vary widely globally and can depend on other demographic factors. A trend toward light and bright beef was observed in six out of eight studies. A pink color was preferred in chicken by consumers in Northern Ireland and Brazil; muscle color uniformity was also related to higher acceptance. Contrarily, a diverse selection of honey colors is preferred; dark golden, yellow, and amber products were liked by consumers across the globe. One study observed a preference for white (over yellowish) milk. Worldwide, white and brown eggshells are preferred nearly equally with considerable differences between continents and regions. Our review highlights the heterogeneity of color preferences for animal products, worldwide; research methods should focus on quantifying colors associated with preferences so that food producers can accurately market their diverse products in regions with corresponding color preferences.     

The contribution of food groups to the nutrient intake and food pattern among pre-school children

A pre-school-based dietary survey, using 7-day records, was carried out in Sweden in the Stockholm area at 12 pre-schools; the survey included 109 of 131 participating children. The present study was designed to describe weekday and weekend food patterns, i.e. the frequency of consumption of food items and the contribution of energy and nutrient intake from different food groups, and to explore how foods are related in pre-school children's diet. At pre-school, all children except one ate vegetables and fruits about once a day, and all children consumed, on average, milk and cheese, meat products, bread and breakfast cereals and fats more than once a day. Milk and cheese products, bread and breakfast cereals and meat products were the primary source of energy and protein. The main source of dietary fibre was bread and breakfast cereals, potatoes and fruits. The “low-nutrient foods”, e.g. confectionery, buns, and soft drinks, contributed 20% of the energy during the weekdays and 33% during the weekend days. When all food groups (g/MJ) were analysed simultaneously in a Principal Components Analysis (PCA), 52% of the variation was explained. The food consumption data were described using four food clusters: milk and cheese products; bread and breakfast cereals; meat, potatoes and cooked cereals; confectionery, buns and soft drinks. In conclusion, the PCA seems to be a useful visual tool for elucidating how foods are related in the diet.     

原料乳——中国乳业发展瓶颈

<正>一直以来,牛奶和乳制品被公认为大自然赐予人类最理想的、最接近于母乳的完美天然食品。牛奶中至少有100多种营养成分,其中水、蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、微量矿物质元素、维生素,免疫活性因子等都是人类赖以生存的营养素。因此,牛奶有“白色血液”、“完全食品”等美称。乳和乳制品已经成为人们非常喜爱的日常食品之一。随着人们生活水平的提高,食品安全、营养概念的增强,及乳制品消费量的激增,原料乳质量、供给量已成为中国乳业发展的瓶颈。原料乳安全质量问题堪忧原料乳的质量是影响乳制品质量的主要因素。奶源的重要性不言而喻,乳品企业如果没有充足的、高品质的原料奶做基础,生产将变成“无本之木,无源之水”。     

基于生物酶解法的牛乳蛋白脱敏技术研究进展

牛乳是婴幼儿主要食物蛋白来源,但也是引起食物过敏的八大类食物之一,研究生产低致敏乳制品对牛乳过敏者具有重要意义.目前,生物酶法是研发低致敏乳制品的主要技术途径.本文详细列举了牛乳过敏蛋白及其能够被识别的致敏表位,介绍了应用生物酶法处理得到低抗原性牛乳蛋白水解产物的技术及其作用效果,并提出了一些对后续研究的思考,为低致敏...     

食品中蜡样芽孢污染特点及检测方法研究进展

蜡样芽孢杆菌引发的食物污染大都是和人们生活息息相关的食品,在特定条件下对人们的身体健康会带来很大危害.文章综述了粮食制品、含乳制品、豆制品及其他易污染食品中蜡样芽胞杆菌的污染特点,并总结了国内外学者最新研究的检测蜡样芽胞的手段,为全面了解蜡样芽孢杆菌污染状况以供制定相关食品限量标准、完善检测方法提供参考.     

乳品中蛋白质检测方法的研究进展

对乳品中蛋白质质量分数的各种检测方法进行了评述。蛋白质的质量分数是评价乳品质量的重要指标。近年来,围绕着乳品蛋白质的食品安全事件接连发生,对人们的生命和健康造成了极大的危害。目前,传统的评价乳品蛋白质的检测方法均存在着一定的缺陷,并给不法分子带来可乘之机,而现代的仪器分析方法尚不成熟。因此,开发出更加合理的蛋白质测定方法成为研究的焦点课题。     

Perceptions of peanuts and related products by Thai consumers in the U.S.

A study was conducted to identify perceptions of Thai consumers toward peanuts and related products using a food/food-use appropriateness matrix and to identify new peanut products that exhibit good potential for being accepted by Thais. Most respondents were highly educated young Thai adults who had resided in the U.S. for 4 years or less. Factor analysis of the matrix consisting of sixteen peanut and related products and fourteen use situations identified two food (snack food and every day food) and three use groups (general use, special occasion and value/convenience). The snack food group was deemed appropriate for special occasions and children, while the every day food group was appropriate for general use and when concern existed about value and convenience. The every day food group was also perceived as being appropriate for snacking. Three peanut-based products representing good potential for acceptance were identified as ice cream type, milk type and non-peanut butter spread type.