浅谈玻璃生产过程中影响现场温度测量准确度的因素

温度测量是工业、农业、国防和科研等部门最普遍的测量项目。在玻璃的生产过程中也不例外，处处都存在着温度测量过程，如：熔窑的温度测量、锡槽各区、退火窑的各区温度测量等等。在实际的测量过程中，由于被测的对象不同，以及测量条件的差异，尽管是测量同一参数，但其测量方法、测量设备、测量人员不一样，测量的结果都有可能与真实值不一致，这就存在着一个测量值接近于真实值的准确程度，即测量准确度的问题。在现场温度测量过程中，影响温度测量准确度的主要因素有测温仪表的基本误差和附加误差。     

凝结式蒸汽干度测量方法与应用

依据能量守恒原理和凝结式蒸汽干度测量原理，研制了凝结式蒸汽干度测量装置，并对该装置进行了测量精度的定量分析，分析结果显示其干度测量精度可达到98％，并得出了提高该装置测量精度的内部测量部件的匹配模式，同时制定了该装置的现场安装方案，现场应用实验表明这一干度测量装置具有在线实时测量的实用性。     

基于有偏卡尔曼的双冗余热电阻数据滤波方法

针对水下生产控制系统温度测量系统中单个传感器易受水下复杂环境影响，出现温漂、测量精度低等问题，设计了一种双冗余温度测量传感器（采用两个热敏元件进行温度测量）。利用基于有偏卡尔曼的扩维融合方法进行数据处理，提高传感器融合测量精度。定义一个相似矩阵，用于在融合之前剔除故障传感器的测量数据，进一步提高测量结果的可靠性。实验结果表明：双冗余温度测量传感器具有精度高、抗干扰性能强的优点。     

Leeport QUICK IMAGE——半自动的视像测量仪

测量时，使用投影仪测量非常方便，只要把工件放好，位置对准便可测量。然而，需要测量多个尺寸位置或大量检测时，便不太合适。碰到以上问题，人们常常会想起光学视像测量仪。它可以编程及进行自动测量，而且精度高，对于检测量大的工件，是最合适的选择。在价格方面，     

水质测量设备，测量方法和废水处理方法

本发明提供了一种水质测量设备，无需依赖于测量条件下流入测量槽的水的流入速率，可以防止任何悬浮物在水的测量过程中的沉积，同时可以避免水质测量探针的检测部分附近的滞留点或卡曼涡流现象。本文提供的水质测量设备包括具有测量水入水口和出水口的水质测量槽。     

基于机理分析的方法实现催化裂化反应预测转化率,产品产率？…

基于机理分析，实现了催化裂化反应再生系统预测化率和产品产率的在线软测量，对软测量的算法设计，软测量算法的实现，现场软测量应用及验证予以叙述，表明具有一定的实有价值。     

精密测量技术及应用——坐标测量机的选择及应用

人类社会的发展与进步，与测量技术密不可分，可以这样说，我们通过测量技术认识世界，大到宇宙天体，小到我们的生产、生活、学习的各个方面。无不与测量设备发生联系，在制造领域，测量技术的发展推动了制造业日新月异的变革，现代的测量技术，不是用简单的尺子，而是将“计算机作为仪器、软件作为仪器”，并紧紧依托网络传递信息的智能测量方式，这种测量为生产效率及产品质量的提高创造了先决条件，更为现代制造业的发展插上了腾飞的翅膀。测量技术不仅是产品品质评定的技术手段，而且是引导人们由宏观向微观，由粗略到精细，贯穿人类进步全过程的关键技术，更是全球经济迅猛发展的催化剂和核心推动力之一，模具作为高技术精密产业，更离不开现代测量技术的支持。     

DDC型电刷镀镀层厚度自动测量装置的研制

叙述了电刷镀镀层测量的特殊性，即要求在加工过程中不破坏镀层的情况下具有较高的测量精度。目前常用的有电磁法、涡流法、Ｘ射线法、扫描电镜法等，其测量精度虽高，但价格昂贵，且不适合于现场的动态测量，而研制的ＤＤＣ型在线自动测量装置却能满足上述要求，本文还叙述了ＤＤＣ型镀层厚度自动测量装置的工作原理、结构与测量精度。     

轻组分对原油凝点、粘度的影响

未经过原油稳定处理的乍得原油、苏丹原油含有大量的轻组分，两种原油密封测量的凝点比常规测量的分别低2.5℃，1℃；在密封测量的初始温度以下1℃处，密封测量的粘度比常规测量的大；随着温度的降低，常规测量的粘度比密封测量的大，温度越低两者之间的差值越大。在28℃,51/s的条件下，苏丹原油密封测量与常规测量相比粘度减小47.71﹪；在26℃,51/s的条件下，乍得原油的减小64.93﹪     

定量包装秤测量结果的不确定度评定

针对我公司尿素产品的秤量，采用的定量包装秤，通过建立数学模型，合理地赋予被测量结果之值的分散性和与测量结果相关联的参数，通过数学计算，展示测量结果与测量约定真值之间的一致程度进行分析评定。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating prepared via facile sol-gel process

A highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating was obtained from a new bis-silylated precursor, which was synthesized from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and m-xylylene diisocyanate (m-XDI) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and verified by ¹H MAS NMR. For direct comparison purposes, an SiO₂ coating was also prepared by the Stöber method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the reactant. Interestingly, the coating obtained from the polysilsesquioxane sol exhibited a much higher moisture resistance capability than its counterpart, which was attributed to its more compact feature between nanoparticles as characterized by N₂ absorption experiment and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, its high transparency of about 92% showed potential for application in the protection of optical crystals.