迈向新世纪的我国十大集装箱港

·上海港 1996年上海港仍以绝对优势雄居榜首,全年共完成货物吞吐量1.638亿吨。国际集装箱吞吐量再创历史新高,达到197万TEU,超过计划指标19.4％,比1995年净增44万箱,增幅高达29％,这一数字亦比全国港口集装箱吞吐量增幅高出了4个百分点。目前从上海港始发的国际集装箱航线已达19条,集装箱航班多达335班。     

北美集装箱的发展前瞻

随着集装箱化的发展,美洲的集装箱业出现了前所未有的投资与发展的机遇。美国,加拿大的许多集装箱港口加大投入,改进设施以适应日益增长的集装箱吞吐量的要求。加之美洲东面海岸同远东贸易的发展及大型集装箱船在该航线上的投入,预测美洲集装箱业发展前景乐观。     

港口堆场规模与集装箱吞吐量关系研究——以北仑港为例

针对目前尚不完善的集装箱堆场规划问题,讨论了港口堆场规模与集装箱吞吐量的关系,按堆场类型,分别研究了前方堆场规模、后方堆场规模与集装箱吞吐量的关系,同时考虑了堆场的工作时间、集装箱堆箱层数以及各种不平衡系数对集装箱堆场规模的影响,给出了前后方堆场规模与吞吐量等因素的关系式,对目前港口堆场规划具有一定参考意义。以北仑港为例,首先建立数学模型得出了目前北仑港各港区的堆场需求规模,再将结果与现状情况对比,作出分析,得出目前北仑港的堆场规模满足各港区的集装箱疏散,论证了数学模型的合理性。最后对未来北仑港各港区堆场规模进行了预测,并对未来北仑港集装箱发展提出了建议。     

逻辑斯蒂增长模型在集装箱运量长期预测中的应用

多因素动态生成系数法是目前集装箱吞吐量预测方法中最为成熟、应用最为广泛的预测方法。该办法首先确定外贸年增长率预测外贸量,然后通过生成系数得到集装箱吞吐量预测值。然而,在进行中长期集装箱吞吐量预测时,未来外贸年增长率的确定经常缺乏依据,导致长期预测结果精度较差。论文通过利用逻辑斯蒂增长模型进行中长期经济增长预测,再利用经济增长与外贸量的回归分析进行外贸量预测来解决这一问题,最终完成了天津港2005~2020年集装箱吞吐量预测的任务。从原理和结果上看,逻辑斯蒂增长模型是更为适宜和先进的方法,可以用来改进多因素动态生成系数法,提高中长期集装箱预测的精度。     

上海国际航运中心集装箱港口体系研究

上海国际航运中心的两个主要集装箱港口——上海港和宁波港,由于其集装箱吞吐量经过近15年来的高速增长,都已经成长为世界集装箱大港。文章利用现有集装箱港口体系理论,研究上海港国际航运中心的集装箱港口体系,并对上海国际航运中心未来的集装箱运输体系提出构想。     

世界十大集装箱港口

以集装箱箱数计,吞吐量最大的十个港口是:纽约2065000箱;鹿特丹1900000箱;香港1830000箱;新加坡1340009箱;神户1261134箱;高雄1144522箱;基隆942526箱;汉堡930338箱;圣胡安857277箱;不来梅/不来梅哈芬819940箱。以集装箱货物吨数计,吞吐量最大的十个港口是:神户2128.5万吨;鹿特丹1890万吨;新加坡1876.7万吨;巴生港1450万吨,长滩1342.3万吨;横滨1305万吨;纽约1235     

对大连港集装箱运输发展趋势的初步探讨

海上集装箱运输的发展已有近三十年的历史了,目前它已形成了一套完整的运输体系。集装箱运输具有的巨大优越性已为世界各国航运界所公认。近一、二十年,集装箱海上运输发展极为迅速。集装箱码头不断增多,吞吐量日益增大,集装箱船日趋大型化。据1981年底的有关资料介绍,在世界95个国家和地区的315个港口中,有941个集装箱泊位(另有滚装船泊位615个,载驳船泊位56个),集装箱吞吐量达4011万箱。1980年吞吐量为3651万箱。1981年比1980年增长9.8%。     

欧洲港口集装箱运输前景光明

随着经济一体化的整体推进,欧洲港口集装箱运输进入了良性发展轨道。据英国远洋航运咨询有限公司(OSC)预测,在未来12年内,欧洲港口集装箱吞吐量将为现在的两倍以上,其中支线运输量增长最快。 据预测,欧洲港口集装箱吞吐量将从1996年的     

集装箱里“招鬼”的水蜜桃

“亚欧之星”号是艘集装箱船,正在码头吊装集装箱。吊完最后一波集装箱时,太阳已经落山了。船上轮机长毕飞还在集装箱周围转悠。这是一只特殊的冷藏集装箱,专门运送蔬菜鲜果。他将最后固锁检查完毕,又测了箱中的温度,才走进船舱的餐厅。谁知刚坐在餐桌前,值班水手跑了进来,“毕云飞,冷藏集装箱的温度计出了问题!”     

东亚集装箱制造业发展势头强劲

目前集装箱制造业一个新的时代已经出现,中国及东南亚国家以明显优势登上了集装箱制造业的王者宝座。许多工厂的年增加产量超过30％。而在过去,欧洲、日本的主要集装箱制造商由于成本居高不下而丧失了市场竞争力,其产量日渐下跌。 据英国海洋咨询服务有限公司预测,由于     

On the parametric resonance of container ships

This work deals with parametric resonance which poses a great danger especially for container ships sailing in following or head seas. Important parameters that are effective in roll resonance are pointed out. For this purpose, a containership is taken as an example to analyze its stability in longitudinal waves based on the method worked out by American Bureau of Shipping (ABS). Unfavorable sailing conditions such as heading and speed, which directly depend on the environmental conditions, have been determined for this particular ship. These conditions may be reported to the master to guide him to keep his ship out of parametric resonance zones. Numerical details of the procedure have been worked out and provided as well.     

The first experience the transportation of deep-water methane hydrates in a container

Deep-water experiments on the transportation of collected samples of methane hydrates from a lake’s bottom to a support container were carried out as part of the MIRY na Baikale (2008–2009) expedition run by the Russian Academy of Sciences. High pressures and low temperatures are necessary for gas hydrates stability. As a sample of the hydrate is lifted to the water’s surface, it intensively decomposes into water and methane gas. To reduce the decomposition, we used a container in which the hydrate’s sample occurs in a gas medium rather than in water, which results in a substantial reduction in the rate of the heat exchange. At that, the gas for the container’s filling was supplied by the hydrate itself due to its partial decomposition. To estimate the method’s efficiency, we observed the hydrate’s decomposition during lifting from a depth of 1400 m using different transportation techniques such as gas- or water-filled containers or fixing the sample in the manipulator’s arm of the submersible. The sample in the gaseous medium was the only one that was safely delivered on board the support container, while the two others completely decomposed during the transportation. It is remarkable that all the samples started to decompose simultaneously at a depth of 380 m but their decomposition occurred at different rates.     

Emergency surveillance for marine pests after the grounding of the container vessel,MV Rena

ABSTRACT

The grounding of the MV Rena in 2011 necessitated urgent entry of salvage vessels into New Zealand. Two, a cargo barge and tug, had been idle in Australia before mobilisation and had well-developed biofouling assemblages that included non-indigenous species new to New Zealand. Surveillance for the species was initiated in Tauranga harbour, Astrolabe Reef and Mōtītī Island, where the vessels had operated. Response personnel were trained to recognise and report the organisms and active surveys were implemented, including reinspection of the vessels after treatment of the biofouling, dive and shoreline searches, and trapping. Although none of the risk species was detected, the biosecurity risk from the vessels changed during the response, from initially acting as a vector for species new to New Zealand to later transporting non-indigenous species from coastal ports to the arena of operations. The study highlights a need for better integration of biosecurity risk management into forward planning for maritime incidents.     

集装箱船货舱区结构设计和强度评估研究

基于NAPA Steel软件,实现某集装箱船货舱区的3D结构设计,并输出2D的CAD图纸.同时,在结构设计模型的基础上直接生成三舱段结构的初始有限元模型,参照CCS规范要求对模型进行修改完善后,应用MSC.Nastran软件对其进行了强度分析和屈曲计算,获得了该舱段结构强度的详细信息,并根据评估结果来完善结构设计.与传统的2D结构设计模式相比较,3D结构设计方法能有效地提高设计质量和效率.     

Experimental studies on the slowly varying drift motion of a berthed container ship model

The effects of free-surface waves on the floating structures are of great importance in the offshore industry. Among the six degrees of motions of a surface ship the absence of restoring forces in surge, sway and yaw led to critical situations for moored ships in the recent times. The order of forces in horizontal plane and their exciting frequencies are matters of interest. The resonance with the presence of moored chains led to many accidents in the recent past. The lines in dry conditions may not give good damping and in wet condition they may trigger the system to chaotic motions and jumps. Two different loading conditions of a container ship model are tested with waves in laboratory conditions in two different drafts. The mooring lines are chosen as per scale law and the energy under the response spectrum is determined from the plots. The results give new insights into the movement of a berthed ships subjected to waves. Response of the moored ship to different loading conditions in different water depths are discussed in this paper. The paper gives the order of energy due to first-order and slowly varying movement of a berthed container model in a towing tank.     

火灾中集装箱船剩余极限强度研究

采用ISO规定的火灾的标准温度—时间曲线建立船体结构的火灾模型。基于能量守恒原理建立热传导微分方程,计算热传导、对流和辐射对结构温度分布的影响。考虑火灾发生位置的差异性,分析得到着火区域的温度场。根据高温下钢材的力学性能,针对火灾发生位置的不同,利用非线性有限元方法,分析火灾对集装箱船剩余弯曲极限强度(中拱、中垂)的影响。结果表明,集装箱船不同位置发生火灾时,对船体结构极限强度的影响具有显著差异。船舱某一位置发生火灾时,对船体梁中拱和中垂极限强度的影响也分别不同。对集装箱船火灾的瞬态分析结果表明,火灾对船体梁极限强度的衰减作用主要发生在火灾发展过程中的前期,船体梁极限强度的衰减速度随火灾发展的时间逐渐减慢。     

Sloshing waves in electrified fluid layers in an excited rectangular container

This work aims to demonstrate the dynamical properties of the free interface separating two bounded layers of electrified Newtonian fluids inside a parametrically excited boxed basin. The mathematical model of the investigated problem is contacted with the linearized Navier–Stokes equation of viscous fluids and Maxwell equations together with the boundary conditions that are solved utilizing Laplace transform. Solutions of the governing equations in time domain are then numerically calculated by using Durbin's numerical inverse Laplace transform scheme. Graphical illustrations of the accomplished numerical results are provided to examine the influence of some selected parameters on the stability picture of the interfacial waves as well as the electric surface charge distribution. The numerical results proposed that the electric Euler number Eu, promotes the instability of the wave motion whatever the values of the frequency of oscillation and the destabilizing effect of Eu becomes weaker at larger values of the frequency; while a dual effect (in) stabilizing of the frequency of oscillations is reported whether the electric effects exist or not. This irregular influence of the frequency oscillation has also been monitored regarding to the forces exerted on the side wall of the container.     

Two phase modal analysis of nonlinear sloshing in a rectangular container

Sloshing, or liquid free surface oscillation, in containers has many important applications in a variety of engineering fields. The modal method can be used to solve linear sloshing problems and is the most efficient reduced order method that has been used during the previous decade. In the present article, the modal method is used to solve a nonlinear sloshing problem. The method is based on a potential flow solution that implements a two-phase analysis on sloshing in a rectangular container. According to this method, the solution to the mass conservation equation, with a nonpenetration condition at the tank walls, results in velocity potential expansion; this is similar to the mode shapes used in modal method. The kinematic and dynamic boundary conditions create a set of two-space-dimensional differential equations with respect to time. The numerical solution of this set of differential equations, in the time domain, predicts the time response of interfacial oscillations. Modal method solutions for the time response of container sloshing due to lateral harmonic oscillations show a good agreement with experimental and numerical results reported in the literature.     

三向载荷联合作用下的大型集装箱船结构可靠性研究

大型集装箱船（LCS）具有较大的甲板开口,抗扭刚度非常低。在恶劣海况下航行时,大型集装箱船可能会遭遇斜浪的作用,此时船体将受到三向载荷的联合作用,水平波浪弯矩和扭转波浪弯矩可能会接近甚至超过垂向波浪弯矩,船体可能因发生组合变形而破坏。因此有必要研究大型集装箱船在三向载荷联合作用下的结构可靠性。在研究三向载荷联合作用下各维度极限强度的相互关系的基础上,提出了大型集装箱船的极限承载能力的可靠性评估方法,并对目标船在各浪向角下的结构可靠性进行评估。结果表明：目标船在0°浪向角下的失效概率最高;考虑水平波浪弯矩影响后目标船的结构可靠性有所降低;扭转波浪弯矩对目标船船中剖面的结构可靠性影响较小。