鼠类动物与人类旋毛虫感染关系的研究

目的 初步探讨鼠类动物与人类旋毛虫感染的关系。方法在室内和野外生境捕获鼠类动物，鉴定种类，肌肉压片检查旋毛虫幼虫，ELISA测定血清旋毛虫特异性抗体。结果1.02％的鼠类动物查到旋毛虫幼虫，旋毛虫血清抗体阳性率为20.30％。其中家栖和野栖鼠类旋毛虫病原检查感染率与血清抗体阳性率分别是1．85％和24．49％，0和8.57％，差异均无显著性（P均〈0.01〉。结论旋毛虫病流行区鼠类动物旋毛虫感染率较高，家栖鼠类旋毛虫感染率高于野栖鼠，与人类及家养动物感染相关。     

鼠类动物与人类旋毛虫感染关系的研究

目的初步探讨鼠类动物与人类旋毛虫感染的关系。方法在室内和野外生境捕获鼠类动物,鉴定种类,肌肉压片检查旋毛虫幼虫,ELISA测定血清旋毛虫特异性抗体。结果1.02%的鼠类动物查到旋毛虫幼虫,旋毛虫血清抗体阳性率为20.30%。其中家栖和野栖鼠类旋毛虫病原检查感染率与血清抗体阳性率分别是1.85%和24.49%,0和8.57%,差异均无显著性(P均<0.01〉。结论旋毛虫病流行区鼠类动物旋毛虫感染率较高,家栖鼠类旋毛虫感染率高于野栖鼠,与人类及家养动物感染相关。     

长江南京段江滩鼠类日本血吸虫感染调查

目的了解鼠类在南京市阳性钉螺形成中的作用。方法用鼠夹法和鼠笼法捕获老鼠，调查南京市部分江滩的鼠类分布和鼠密度，对捕获鼠进行分类并解剖观察血吸虫感染情况。结果共放置鼠夹和鼠笼3865个，捕获鼠类8只，其中黑线姬鼠3只，沟鼠5只。经解剖均未发现有血吸虫寄生。结论鼠类在南京市阳性钉螺形成中的作用较小。     

旋毛虫对昆明小鼠最小感染剂量的实验研究

为观察旋毛虫感染昆明小鼠的最小剂量, 将70只雄性昆明小鼠随机均分7组, 每只鼠分别经口感染旋毛虫肌幼虫30、 25、 20、 15、 10、 5及3条, 感染后6周剖杀。取完整膈肌, 压片、 镜检、 计数虫荷。小鼠全身肌肉经人工胃液消化后计数肌肉虫荷。结果, 压片镜检法和人工消化法的幼虫检出率, 感染30、 25、 20、 15及10条旋毛虫肌幼虫的小鼠均为100% (10/10); 感染5条旋毛虫肌幼虫的小鼠, 两种方法幼虫检出率分别为70% (7/10) 和100% (10/10); 感染3条旋毛虫肌幼虫的小鼠, 两种方法均未检出幼虫。感染旋毛虫的小鼠膈肌和肌肉虫荷与感染剂量均呈正相关(r=0.759, P＜0.05; r=0.638, P＜0.05)。旋毛虫经口成功感染昆明小鼠的最小剂量为5条幼虫。     

旋毛虫幼虫在大鼠与小鼠肌肉分布及囊包内幼虫数量的观察

目的观察不同剂量旋毛虫感染大鼠与小鼠后幼虫在肌肉内的分布及囊包内的幼虫数量。方法将30只昆明小鼠和30只SD大鼠均随机分为轻、中、重度感染组(每组10只),分别按每g克体重1、5、20条肌幼虫经口感染。感染后42d剖杀,取不同部位肌肉称重后压片镜检,观察不同部位每克肌肉虫荷(larvaepergram,lpg)及囊包内幼虫数量。结果大鼠在轻度感染时以咬肌虫荷最高,中、重度感染时分别以膈肌和舌肌虫荷最高;小鼠在轻度感染时以咬肌虫荷最高,中、重度感染时均以膈肌虫荷最高。在大鼠肌肉8028个囊包中,含1、2、3条幼虫的囊包分别占97.91%、1.95%及0.14%;在小鼠肌肉7559个囊包中,含1、2、3条幼虫的囊包分别占97.33%、2.54%及0.13%。小鼠肌肉多幼虫(2～3条)囊包的检出率明显高于大鼠(χ2=5.644,P<0.05)。多幼虫囊包的检出率在大鼠和小鼠均随感染剂量的增加而升高(χ2大鼠=42.656,P<0.05;χ2小鼠=45.713,P<0.05);在含3条幼虫囊包的肌肉,重度感染的大鼠和小鼠肌肉分别占81.82%(9/11)与100%(10/10)。未发现含有4条及4条以上幼虫的囊包。结论对鼠类旋毛虫感染的流行病学调查时应首选咬肌进行病原学检查,其次为膈肌或舌肌;进行肌肉活检或肉类检疫时发现含3条幼虫的囊包提示为重度感染。     

广州市2006～2007年鼠疫宿主动物监测结果分析

目的 了解广州市鼠疫宿主动物的种群构成及数量分布情况.为鼠疫防治T作积累基础资料.方法 采用夜笼法.对捕获鼠类及检获蚤类进行鉴定;计算鼠带(染)蚤率和蚤指数;用鼠疫IHA法检测鼠疫FI抗体.结果 捕获鼠形动物1 709只,分属2目2科4属7种.其中啮齿日动物1 615只,食虫目动物94只,总鼠密度(捕获率)为10.39%,鼠密度(捕获率)为9.83%:在194只鼠形动物中发现染蚤鼠40只,检获蚤84只,鼠体表蚤经鉴定为印鼠客蚤、猫栉首蚤;鼠染蚤率为20.62%,总蚤指数为0.43;黄胸鼠蚤指数为0.56;未查出鼠疫FI抗体.结论 褐家鼠仍是广州市主要鼠种,主要蚤种是印鼠客蚤,未发现鼠间鼠疫流行迹象.     

河南省商丘地区猪旋毛虫感染调查

目的了解河南省商丘地区猪的旋毛虫自然感染情况。方法在河南商丘某县农村的3个生猪屠宰点,收集屠宰猪的膈肌样本,分别应用压片镜检法和人工消化法对肌肉样本进行旋毛虫检验。结果 273头屠宰猪均为圈养猪,肌肉样本应用镜检法与消化法的幼虫检出率分别为0（0/273）与3.30%（9/273）（χ2=7.230,P〈0.05）,阳性肉样的平均每g肌肉虫荷（larvae per gram,lpg）为0.48。结论河南省商丘地区农村圈养猪的旋毛虫感染率较高,但感染度较低;在旋毛虫病低度流行区应使用消化法对猪肉进行旋毛虫检验。     

肉类中旋毛虫成囊前期幼虫检验方法及其影响因素

目的观察人工消化法(artificial digestion method)和贝氏法(Baermann's technique)检验肉类中旋毛虫成囊前期幼虫(pre-encapsulated larvae,PEL)的效果及其影响因素。方法将45只小鼠随机分为3组(每组15只),分别经口感染20、10、5条旋毛虫肌幼虫,感染后18d剖杀,将3组小鼠肌肉剪碎后,分别应用国际旋毛虫病委员会(International Commis-sion on Trichinellosis,ICT)推荐的消化法(简称ICT-消化法)、国家标准-猪旋毛虫病诊断技术(GB/T186452-2000)中规定的消化法(简称国标-消化法)及贝氏法进行PEL的检验。结果ICT-消化法、国标-消化法与贝氏法对感染20条旋毛虫幼虫的小鼠肌肉中PEL的检出率均为100%(15/15)(χ220=0.000,P>0.05);感染10条幼虫小鼠肌肉,3种方法的PEL检出率分别为93.33%(14/15),93.33%(14/15)及100%(15/15)(χ120=1.645,P>0.05);感染5条幼虫的小鼠肌肉,3种方法的PEL检出率分别为63.33%(19/30),90%(27/30)及100%(30/30)(χ52=18.866,P<0.05)。感染旋毛虫后18d的小鼠肌肉分别消化1h、2h、3h、4h与5h,PEL死亡率分别为8.49%(53/624)、29.77%(181/608)、58.46(449/768)、67.83%(407/600)、84.70%(515/608),PEL的死亡率随消化时间的延长而升高(χ2=920.772,P<0.05)。结论对肉类中旋毛虫成囊前期幼虫检疫时,贝氏法明显优于消化法。     

大理地区鼠类动物肝毛细线虫感染情况调查

目的　调查大理地区鼠类动物肝毛细线虫感染的情况。　方法　在室内和室外采用捕鼠笼、鼠夹和电子捕鼠器捕捉鼠类动物 ,并确定其种类 ,解剖检查和镜检肝毛细线虫感染情况。　结果　共捕获鼠类动物 113 2只 ,分属 3目 6科 13属 2 3种 ,齐氏姬鼠为野外常见种 ,褐家鼠为室内优势种。感染肝毛细线虫的鼠共 2 3 8只 ,分属 2目 8种 ,感染率为2 1.0 2 %。家栖鼠类感染普遍 ,感染率为 76.83 % ,以褐家鼠和黄胸鼠感染率较高 ,分别是 77.0 1%和 77.46%。野栖鼠类感染率低 ,为 4.47% ,但斯氏家鼠感染率可达 3 8.81%。　结论　大理地区鼠类肝毛细线虫感染相当普遍 ,家栖鼠类感染率较高 ,预防人群肝毛细线虫的感染是十分必要的。     

河南省小动物宿主肝毛细线虫病流行病学调查

目的调查分析河南省小动物宿主感染肝毛细线虫病流行现状。方法根据地理方位和地理特征选择7个县为调查点，在户外捕捉鼠类等动物，鉴定种类，解剖取鼠肝用直接压片法镜检肝毛细线虫感染情况。结果共捕获各种鼠类和其他动物15种1188只，其中啮齿目动物11种，1169只。优势鼠种为褐家鼠、大仓鼠、黄胸鼠、小家鼠和黑线姬鼠。6种鼠157只检出肝毛细线虫感染，平均感染率为13．62％。感染率最高的为家栖鼠类，其中褐家鼠25．83％，黄胸鼠12．90％，小家鼠10．00％。地区分布以汝南县鼠感染率最高，为23．83％；郑州市惠济区1．76％。环境分布以村周鼠感染率最高，为30．34％；村内19．49％，田地17．24％。结论河南省鼠肝毛细线虫分布十分广泛，部分地区鼠类感染较为严重。开展人肝毛细线虫流行病学调查和防治十分必要。     

青少年高血压的研究进展

随着人们生活和行为方式的改变,高血压发病明显呈年轻化趋势。在青少年时期识别高血压病高危人群有助于早期进行有效干预和治疗,降低未来高血压的发生率及其严重性。现试从青少年高血压的诊断、发病因素、特点、治疗策略等方面的研究进展作一综述。     

Morbidity in cardiovascular diseases in immigrants in Sweden

INTRODUCTION: Although immigration to Sweden has increased in the last few decades, the incidence rates of cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease in immigrants are unknown. The aim of the present study is to estimate whether place of birth affects the incidence rates of cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was designed as a follow-up study on morbidity in cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease between 1 January 1997 and 31 December 1998, including three and a half million persons with age range 35-64 years, of whom 550 000 were born abroad, from the database MigMed consisting of the whole Swedish population. Incidence rates and relative risks were estimated by indirect standardization and a proportional hazard model. RESULTS: The age-adjusted risk of coronary heart disease was higher in most foreign-born groups than in Swedes. For example, in nine of 12 male groups, the relative risks varied between 1.1 and 2.2, and in seven of 12 female groups, the relative risks varied between 1.4 and 2.5. When also adjusting for level of education and employment status, the risks were still high, but on a lower level. CONCLUSIONS: Foreign-born people possess an over-risk of cardiovascular or coronary heart disease(CVD/CHD) compared with Swedish-born persons, also when level of education and employment status are taken into account.     

Pulmonary sporotrichosis in Oklahoma in susceptibilities in vitro

Six cases of pulmonary sporotichosis were observed in 2 institutions in Oklahoma City, Okla. Three of the patients were treated with iodides with or without surgery. Although one patient required a second course of iodides, the patients have remained well after at least 34 months of follow-up. Three patients treated with amphotericin B, single course as well as multiple courses, and other antifungal agents (hydroxystilbamidine and miconazole) have all relapsed. These cases and a reviewed of more than 40 cases of pulmonary sporotrichosis susceptibilities of Sporothrix schenckii that we observed in vitro suggest that amphotericin B is not an effective agent for the treatment of pulmonary sporotrichosis. It is our opinion that the treatment of choice for pulmonary sporotrichosis is a supersaturated solution of potassium iodide. If the patient is allergic to the medication or fails to respond, then a combination of amphotericin B plus flucytosine may be tried.     

C·肉毒杀鼠素(冻干剂)应用研究

目的为研究C·肉毒杀鼠索对杀灭达乌尔黄鼠(简称黄鼠)的大面积应用情况和对家畜、家禽的毒害作用,进行了C·肉毒杀鼠素的应用研究.方法大面积投毒采用ES-2药饵撒播机[1],间隔约80m进行条投.羊、鸡采用直接灌胃.结果大面积应用的灭鼠率为83.72%.对羊、鸡最高剂量分别为500万MLD、150万MLD,均未出现中毒现象.结论 C·肉毒杀鼠素是较为理想的草原大面积杀灭黄鼠的理想、首选药物.     

Differences in outcome in primary angioplasty in women.

BACKGROUND: In acute myocardial infarction (AMI), primary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) has proved to be the best therapeutic approach. Several factors have been associated with worse outcome in AMI in females. Are there differences in outcome in women undergoing PTCA for AMI? AIM: To evaluate gender influence on clinical outcome and in-hospital mortality in patients with AMI who undergo primary percutaneous interventions. METHODS: We studied 245 consecutive patients (72 women, 29.4 %), who underwent primary PTCA between January 2000 and December 2001. The following parameters were analyzed: risk factors for coronary artery disease including hypertension, diabetes, smoking, hypercholesterolemia and family history, previous AMI, PTCA or angina, pain-to-balloon time, extent of coronary disease and outcome. RESULTS: Female patients were older (67.9+/-11.6 vs. 59.6+/-13; p < 0.001) with a higher prevalence of hypertension (65.3 % vs. 47.4 %; p < 0.05) and angina (29.0 % vs. 16.0 %; p < 0.05) and lower prevalence of smoking (27.8 % vs. 54.3 %; p < 0.001). Pain-to-balloon time was longer in women (6.8+/-4.1 vs. 5.4+/-3.7 hours; p < 0.05). Extent of coronary disease was similar in both groups. Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors were used in 84.7 % of women and 90.8 % of men. The frequency of hemorrhagic complications (5.6 % vs. 5.2 %) and arrhythmias (15.3 % vs. 10.4%) and in-hospital mortality (9.7 6.4 %) were higher in females, although without statistical significance (p = NS). Hospitalization time was similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the growing awareness of a gender bias in therapeutic approaches to AMI, there are still some differences in outcome, with a trend towards higher mortality rates in women. Older age and longer pain-to-balloon time could account for this.