Cancer statistics, 2018

Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the numbers of new cancer cases and deaths that will occur in the United States and compiles the most recent data on cancer incidence, mortality, and survival. Incidence data, available through 2014, were collected by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program; the National Program of Cancer Registries; and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. Mortality data, available through 2015, were collected by the National Center for Health Statistics. In 2018, 1,735,350 new cancer cases and 609,640 cancer deaths are projected to occur in the United States. Over the past decade of data, the cancer incidence rate (2005‐2014) was stable in women and declined by approximately 2% annually in men, while the cancer death rate (2006‐2015) declined by about 1.5% annually in both men and women. The combined cancer death rate dropped continuously from 1991 to 2015 by a total of 26%, translating to approximately 2,378,600 fewer cancer deaths than would have been expected if death rates had remained at their peak. Of the 10 leading causes of death, only cancer declined from 2014 to 2015. In 2015, the cancer death rate was 14% higher in non‐Hispanic blacks (NHBs) than non‐Hispanic whites (NHWs) overall (death rate ratio [DRR], 1.14; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.13‐1.15), but the racial disparity was much larger for individuals aged <65 years (DRR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.29‐1.32) compared with those aged ≥65 years (DRR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.06‐1.09) and varied substantially by state. For example, the cancer death rate was lower in NHBs than NHWs in Massachusetts for all ages and in New York for individuals aged ≥65 years, whereas for those aged <65 years, it was 3 times higher in NHBs in the District of Columbia (DRR, 2.89; 95% CI, 2.16‐3.91) and about 50% higher in Wisconsin (DRR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.56‐2.02), Kansas (DRR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.25‐1.81), Louisiana (DRR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.38‐1.60), Illinois (DRR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.39‐1.57), and California (DRR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.38‐1.54). Larger racial inequalities in young and middle‐aged adults probably partly reflect less access to high‐quality health care. CA Cancer J Clin 2018;68:7‐30 . © 2018 American Cancer Society .     

2018年甘肃省武威市恶性肿瘤流行特征及2010-2018年变化趋势分析北大核心CSCD

[目的]分析2018年武威市恶性肿瘤发病与死亡特征及2010-2018年恶性肿瘤发病与死亡变化趋势.[方法]按照国家癌症中心制定的数据质量审核评价标准,对武威市符合质量控制标准要求的肿瘤登记点上报的恶性肿瘤发病、死亡和人口数据进行汇总分析.按性别和年龄组分层计算发病(死亡)率、标化发病(死亡)率、0～74岁累积率等统计指标.利用Joinpoint线性回归模型计算2010-2018年武威市恶性肿瘤发病率、死亡率的年度变化百分比(APC),分析恶性肿瘤发病和死亡趋势.中标率和世标率分别采用2000年全国普查标准人口年龄构成和Segi世界标准人口年龄构成计算.[结果]2018年武威市恶性肿瘤发病率为267.89/10万,中标率为192.21/10万,世标率为208.31/10万,累积发病率(0～74岁)为24.30％;恶性肿瘤死亡率为131.38/10万,中标率为93.71/10万,世标率为105.02/10万,累积死亡率(0～74岁)为11.51％.男性中标发病率和中标死亡率均高于女性.恶性肿瘤发病率在70～74岁年龄组达到发病高峰,死亡率在75～79岁年龄组达到高峰.2018年武威市恶性肿瘤发病前10位依次为胃癌、女性乳腺癌、肺癌、食管癌、肝癌、结直肠癌、宫颈癌、子宫体癌、卵巢癌、前列腺癌,占全部新发恶性肿瘤的79.38％;恶性肿瘤死亡前10位依次为胃癌、肝癌、肺癌、食管癌、结直肠癌、胰腺癌、女性乳腺癌、宫颈癌、脑及中枢神经系统肿瘤、胆囊癌,占全部死亡恶性肿瘤的90.35％.2010-2018年武威市恶性肿瘤中标发病率呈下降趋势(APC=-7.3％,95％CI:-17.6％～4.3％),中标死亡率呈下降趋势(APC=-1.2％,95％CI:-7.5％～5.5％),差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05).[结论]武威市恶性肿瘤发病和死亡水平呈平稳趋势,发病率和死亡率依旧相对偏高,防控形势严峻.胃癌、食管癌、肺癌、肝癌、乳腺癌等病种是武威市癌症防控工作的重点.     

2018年江苏省恶性肿瘤流行现状及2009—2018年变化趋势分析

[目的]分析江苏省2018年恶性肿瘤发病和死亡情况及2009—2018年变化趋势。[方法]利用全省质控合格的48个肿瘤登记处的2018年肿瘤登记数据,分城乡、性别计算不同癌种的年龄别发病（死亡）率,并结合2018年全省户籍人口资料,估算全省恶性肿瘤发病（死亡）数、发病（死亡）率、中国人口标化率（中标率）、世界人口标化率（世标率）和0～74岁累积发病（死亡）率,以及前10位恶性肿瘤发病（死亡）顺位等指标。利用江苏省16个登记处2009—2018年肿瘤登记数据,采用Joinpoint回归模型计算全部恶性肿瘤发病（死亡）中标率的平均年度变化百分比（AAPC）,分析变化趋势。中标率和世标率分别采用2000年中国人口普查标准人口年龄构成和Segi世界标准人口年龄构成进行计算。[结果] 2018年江苏省估计新发和死亡恶性肿瘤病例分别为26.72万例和16.79万例。全省恶性肿瘤发病率及其中标率分别为341.60/10万和184.62/10万,死亡率及其中标率分别为214.63/10万和102.20/10万。恶性肿瘤发病率和中标率均为城市高于农村,而死亡率及其中标率均为农村高于城市。肺癌、胃癌、结直...     

2018年河南省恶性肿瘤发病与死亡情况及2014—2018年趋势分析

[目的]分析河南省2018年恶性肿瘤流行现状及2014—2018年变化趋势。[方法]收集河南省各肿瘤登记处数据并评估数据质量,分城乡、性别及年龄计算登记人群的发病率和死亡率,结合人口数据估计2018年全省恶性肿瘤发病和死亡情况。人口标化率按照2000年全国普查标准人口年龄构成（中标率）和Segi世界标准人口结构（世标率）进行计算,2014—2018年恶性肿瘤变化趋势使用Joinpoint回归模型分析。[结果] 2018年河南省估计恶性肿瘤新发病例数285 770例,发病率为262.03/10万,中标率为201.40/10万,其中男性中标率（211.36/10万）高于女性（194.05/10万）,城市地区中标率（210.18/10万）高于农村地区（197.23/10万）;男性发病顺位前5位依次是肺癌、胃癌、肝癌、食管癌和结直肠癌,女性发病顺位前5位依次乳腺癌、肺癌、食管癌、宫颈癌和甲状腺癌。2018年河南省估计恶性肿瘤死亡病例数168 268例,死亡率为154.29/10万,中标率为110.70/10万,其中男性中标率（141.75/10万）远高于女性（81.74/10万）,农村地区（1...     

Ovarian cancer statistics, 2018

In 2018, there will be approximately 22,240 new cases of ovarian cancer diagnosed and 14,070 ovarian cancer deaths in the United States. Herein, the American Cancer Society provides an overview of ovarian cancer occurrence based on incidence data from nationwide population‐based cancer registries and mortality data from the National Center for Health Statistics. The status of early detection strategies is also reviewed. In the United States, the overall ovarian cancer incidence rate declined from 1985 (16.6 per 100,000) to 2014 (11.8 per 100,000) by 29% and the mortality rate declined between 1976 (10.0 per 100,000) and 2015 (6.7 per 100,000) by 33%. Ovarian cancer encompasses a heterogenous group of malignancies that vary in etiology, molecular biology, and numerous other characteristics. Ninety percent of ovarian cancers are epithelial, the most common being serous carcinoma, for which incidence is highest in non‐Hispanic whites (NHWs) (5.2 per 100,000) and lowest in non‐Hispanic blacks (NHBs) and Asians/Pacific Islanders (APIs) (3.4 per 100,000). Notably, however, APIs have the highest incidence of endometrioid and clear cell carcinomas, which occur at younger ages and help explain comparable epithelial cancer incidence for APIs and NHWs younger than 55 years. Most serous carcinomas are diagnosed at stage III (51%) or IV (29%), for which the 5‐year cause‐specific survival for patients diagnosed during 2007 through 2013 was 42% and 26%, respectively. For all stages of epithelial cancer combined, 5‐year survival is highest in APIs (57%) and lowest in NHBs (35%), who have the lowest survival for almost every stage of diagnosis across cancer subtypes. Moreover, survival has plateaued in NHBs for decades despite increasing in NHWs, from 40% for cases diagnosed during 1992 through 1994 to 47% during 2007 through 2013. Progress in reducing ovarian cancer incidence and mortality can be accelerated by reducing racial disparities and furthering knowledge of etiology and tumorigenesis to facilitate strategies for prevention and early detection. CA Cancer J Clin 2018;68:284–296 . © 2018 American Cancer Society .