髓母细胞瘤与幕上原始神经外胚叶肿瘤中RASSF1A基因的甲基化差异

目的通过研究髓母细胞瘤与幕上原始神经外胚叶肿瘤（SPNET）中RASSF1A基因的甲基化改变,探讨颅内原始神经外胚叶肿瘤（PNET）的不同亚型中该基因的表遗传学差异及其意义。方法收集25例原发髓母细胞瘤,9例原发SPNET,3株髓母细胞瘤细胞系和2株SPNET细胞系。采用甲基化特异性聚合酶链反应（MSP）检测RASSF1A基因启动子区的甲基化状态。应用去甲基化试剂5-aza-2’deoxycytidine处理存在基因表达缺失的细胞系,探讨基因表达与甲基化之间的关系。结果100％（25／25）的原发髓母细胞瘤、6／9的原发SPNET及全部PNET细胞系中均检测到RASSFIA基因的甲基化。相反,该基因甲基化在全部正常组织（包括2例小脑,5例大脑）中均未检测到。并且,RASSF1A在SPNET中的甲基化率明显低于髓母细胞瘤（Fisher精确检验,P=0．014）。在经去甲基化试剂处理的PNET细胞中,该基因表达得以恢复,证明甲基化与该基因沉默相关。结论RASSF1A甲基化是肿瘤特异性的,RASSF1A甲基化与PNET的发生有一定关联,不同亚型的PNET之间RASSF1A基因的不同甲基化状态提示髓母细胞瘤和SPNET是表遗传学上存在差异的两类肿瘤。     

肾细胞癌RASSF1A基因启动子区甲基化状况与表达水平研究

目的检测19例肾细胞癌患者癌组织及癌旁组织Ras相关区域家族蛋白1A（RASSFlA）基因启动子区甲基化情况并检测其mRNA表达水平，探索两者之间的联系。方法收集肾细胞癌患者癌组织及相应癌旁组织19份，分别提取其基因组DNA，以甲基化特异性PCR（Methylation special PCR，MSP）法检测RASSFlA基因启动子区甲基化情况。并以QPCR法检测了RASSFlA基因的mRNA表达水平。结果19例中有lO例肾细胞癌患者癌组织存在高甲基化，mRNA表达水平表达降低，二者之间存在显著负相关性（r=-0．8734，P〈0．01）。结论肾细胞癌中RASSFlA基因启动子区存在高甲基化，并抑制该基因的表达。     

Correlation between the DNA global methylation status and progesterone receptor expression in normal endometrium,endometrioid adenocarcinoma and precursors

Endometrial carcinomas are the most common malignancy of the female genital tract and the third most common cancer in women. Progesterone and oestrogen receptors (PRs, ERs) are the most widely documented prognostic and predictive factors in endometrioid adenocarcinoma. Besides the hormonal pathway involved in the progression of preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions, alterations of the DNA methylation status have been shown to be an early signal of tumorigenesis. In this study, we show that in normal endometrium, during the proliferative phase, DNA methylation and PR expression are high, with a significant decline towards the end of the secretory phase and a gradual increase in non-atypical and atypical endometrial hyperplasia; they reach their highest level in grade I, then decrease significantly in grade-II and grade-III endometrioid adenocarcinomas. During each stage, a significant positive correlation is observed between DNA methylation and PR (P<0.0001). The strong parallelism between DNA methylation and PR expression precludes establishing a precise determination regarding the timing of these events, clearly involved in the genesis of endometrioid adenocarcinoma.     

RASSF1A promoter methylation and 3p21.3 loss of heterozygosity are features of foregut, but not midgut and hindgut, malignant endocrine tumours

The Ras-association domain family 1A (RASSF1A) tumour suppressor gene is inactivated in a variety of solid tumours, usually by epigenetic silencing of the promoter and/or allelic loss of its locus at 3p21.3. RASSF1A induces cell cycle arrest through inhibition of cyclin D1 accumulation. In this work, 62 endocrine tumours from different sites in the gut were investigated for methylation of the RASSF1A promoter using the polymerase chain reaction, the presence of 3p21.3 deletions by loss of heterozygosity analysis, and cyclin D1 expression by immunohistochemistry. Methylation was found in 20/62 (32%) cases and was restricted to foregut tumours; deletion at 3p21.3 was found in 15/58 (26%) informative cases and restricted to malignant foregut tumours; cyclin D1 hyper-expression was found in 31/58 (53%) cases and correlated with RASSF1A methylation. Our data suggest that RASSF1A is involved in the development of endocrine tumours derived from the foregut only, and that the presence of both RASSF1A methylation and 3p21.3 deletion is associated with malignancy. These results may provide a rationale for foregut-targeted therapy for aggressive endocrine carcinomas entailing the use of demethylating agents.     

RASSF1A及其在肿瘤发生中的作用

RASSF1A（Ras-assotiation domain family 1 A）基因是一个新型抑癌基因。目前的研究已经在许多肿瘤中发现了这个基因的失活。虽然这个基因的失活可因基因缺失或突变引起，但最常见的原因还是该基因的启动子区甲基化紊乱。这种表形遗传学改变被证实是肿瘤形成的一个早期事件，是肿瘤形成的主要因素之一。RASSF1A有多个结构域，被认为是一种潜在的Ras癌蛋白效应分子，能与活化的Ras结合，调节凋亡及细胞周期信号通路，在细胞的凋亡、增殖、分化及维持细胞的稳定中发挥多种生物学效应，与肿瘤的发生发展密切相关。     

抑癌基因RASSF1A微卫星变异与宫颈癌发生发展的关系

目的 探讨抑癌基因RASSF1A微卫星变异在宫颈癌发生发展中的作用及其与HPV感染的关系.方法 选择RASSF1A基因的两个微卫星多态标记位点,采用PCR技术对宫颈组织进行杂合性丢失与微卫星不稳定性的检测,同时检测宫颈组织中HPV16的感染状况.结果 两位点的LOH发生率在宫颈癌组织临床分期及病理分级之间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).双位点的LOH及MSI在宫颈癌有无淋巴结转移间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).RASSF1A基因的LOH发生率在HPV16感染阳性组中明显高于阴性组(P＜0.05).结论 RASSF1A基因的改变是宫颈癌发生过程中的较晚期事件,RASSF1A基因的LOH与MSI对于宫颈癌的筛查、早期诊断及判断预后可能具有临床实用价值.RASSF1A基因的LOH与HPV16感染二者共同作用在宫颈癌的发生发展过程中更有意义.     

人RASSF1A基因的真核表达载体的构建及其表达

目的 通过构建人RASSF1A基因的真核表达载体,为研究其在肿瘤细胞凋亡、细胞周期阻滞、细胞增殖抑制等方面奠定基础.方法 采用RT-PCR从人外周血的单个核细胞RNA中扩增出人RASSF1A基因的全长cDNA,利用DNA重组技术将其插入到真核表达栽体pcDNA3.1(+)中获得重组质粒.利用脂质体将重组质粒转染入人鼻咽癌细胞株CNE-2中,采用RT-PCR.westem-blot检测RASSF1A的瞬时表达.结果 酶切图谱分析及基因测序证明人RASSF1A基因已被完整、正确地插入到pcDNA3.1(+)质粒载体中,RT-PCR及Western-blot结果显示转染细胞的RASSF1A表达水平上调.结论 成功构建了RASSF1A基因的真核表达栽体pcDNA3.1(+)/RASSF1A.     

Angiogenic factors in normal endometrium and endometrial adenocarcinoma

In the endometrium, angiogenesis plays important roles not only in tumor growth but also in the menstrual cycle. The purpose of the present paper was to investigate immunohistochemically the correlation between angiogenic factor expression and angiogenic score in normal and neoplastic endometrium. Immunohistochemical staining for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin (Ang)-1, Ang2, Tie2, CD34 and CD105 was performed on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues from 31 normal endometrium and 85 endometrial adenocarcinoma. VEGF, Ang1, Ang2 and Tie2 expression was localized in the cytoplasm of glandular and tumor cells. The levels of each angiogenic factor were different in the phases of the menstrual cycle and each layer of normal endometrium. In general, VEGF and Tie2 expression was higher in adenocarcinoma than in normal epithelial cells. Conversely, Ang1 and Ang2 expression was higher in normal epithelium than in adenocarcinoma. The angiogenic score (CD105/CD34) tended to be higher in the adenocarcinoma than in the normal epithelium. It is suggested that the angiogenic pathway and the role of these factors seem to differ between normal tissue and carcinoma of the endometrium.     

SHMT1基因启动子甲基化与缺血性卒中相关

目的探究丝氨酸羟甲基转移酶(SHMT1)基因甲基化与缺血性卒中的关系。方法采用甲基化特异性实时定量PCR测定290名健康对照组和141例缺血性卒中病例组(卒中组)的SHMT1甲基化水平。结果卒中组SHMT1甲基化水平为24.87%(16.97～35.46)高于对照组的6.58%(2.43～15.14)(P<0.05)。在调整相关危险因素后,SHMT1甲基化是卒中的危险因素(OR=1.051, 95%CI=1.034～1.068)。受试者工作特征曲线下面积为0.804,95%CI=0.760～0.849 (P<0.01)。在对照组发现尿酸与SHMT1甲基化相关(r_s=0.17,P<0.01),在卒中组发现三酰甘油与SHMT1甲基化相关(r_s=0.18,P<0.05)。SHMT1甲基化表达与mRNA的表达呈负相关(r=-0.472,P<0.01)。结论缺血性卒中患者中SHMT1基因启动子呈高甲基化状态,SHMT1低表达,且SHMT1高甲基化是卒中的危险因素。     

Association of RASSF1A hypermethylation with risk of HBV/HCV-induced hepatocellular carcinoma: A meta-analysis

BackgroundResearchers have discovered a large number of DNA methylation patterns in human cancer. These cancer-specific methylation patterns can provide information for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cancer. Methylation studies can find new biomarkers based on epigenetic analysis and apply these biomarkers to clinical oncology. Many studies on the association between RAASF1A methylation status and susceptibility to hepatitis B virus (HBV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have reached controversial conclusions. Hence, the current review comprehensively assessed the correlation between Ras association domain family 1A (RASSF1A) methylation and the risk of the HCV/HBV-induced HCC.MethodsThe appropriated publications were extracted in EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases using STATA 5.0 software. The odds ratios (ORs) with 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) of RASSF1A methylation were computed.ResultsA total of 1015 HBV/HCV-related HCC samples, 124 non-HBV/HCV-related HCC (NBNC-HCC) samples, and 1225 nontumorous controls were extracted and examined in this research. The frequency of the methylated RASSF1A in the HBV/HCV-related tumor cases displayed a significantly increased OR compared with the overall nontumor samples (OR = 19.372, 95 % CI = 11.060–33.931, P = 0.000). The frequency of the methylated RASSF1A in HBV/HCV-related neoplasm cases displayed a significantly increased OR compared with the non-HBV/HCV-related neoplasm (NBNC-neoplasm) samples (OR = 2.150, 95 % CI = 1.398–3.308, P = 0.000). Compared with normal, chronic hepatitis B or C, cirrhosis, and paracancerous samples, the pooled OR of the RASSF1A promoter methylation in the HBV/HCV-induced HCC samples was 62.785(95 % CI = 35.224–111.909), 25.07 (95 % CI = 13.85–45.36), 6.89 (95 % CI = 3.33–14.264) and 9.02 (95 % CI = 0.91–89.80), respectively. The rate of RASSF1A hypermethylation was robustly correlated with tumor size and vascular invasion, and the pooled OR was 0.346 (95 % CI = 0.210 – 0.569) and 0.081 (95 % CI = 0.022 – 0.303), respectively.ConclusionResults showed robust associations between RASSF1A gene methylation in promoter region and enhanced HBV/HCV-related HCC susceptibility, thereby revealing that RASSF1A methylation status may serve as an important indicator for HCC oncogenesis.     

Galectin-1 is up-regulated by RASSF1A gene in human gastric carcinoma cell line SGC7901

We have previously shown that overexpression of RASSF1A inhibits the growth of human gastric cancer SGC7901 cells, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In this study, the differential protein expression by RASSF1A gene in human gastric cancer cell line SGC7901 was determined by 2-D gel electrophoresis combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and bioinformatics. Differential expression analysis of the protein profiles by RASSF1A gene identified a total of 35 protein spots, of which 10 were up-regulated and 25 were down-regulated. Eight proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF MS: Galectin-1, TRP-14, ACBP, PSMB5, PSMB4, TIM, vimentin, CD79α. RASSF1A up-regulated the mRNA expression of Galectin-1, TRP-14, ABCP in SGC7901. RASSF1A also led to an increased expression of Galectin-1 protein in SGC7901 confirmed by western blotting and immunocytochemistry analysis. RASSF1A inhibited the activity of NF-κB in SGC7901 cells. These data indicated that Galectin-1 may be playing a role in RASSF1A signaling in SGC7901.     

Increased DNA methylation status of the serotonin receptor 5HTR1A gene promoter in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

Background

Epigenetic changes may play a role in the etiology of psychotic diseases. It has been demonstrated that the serotonin receptor, 5HTR1A, is implicated in schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BPD). The aim of this study was to investigate the methylation status of a promoter region of the 5HTR1A gene in BPD and SCZ patients.

Methods

Our study included 58 BPD and 40 SCZ (DSM-IV criteria) as well as 67 control subjects. DNA was extracted from blood leukocytes and high-resolution melt (HRM) method was used for analysis.

Results

Non-parametric analysis of variance (Kruskal-Wallis) within groups was significant: H = 67.6; p < 0.0001. The Mann-Whitney U-test showed increased methylation level in both BPD (Z = − 7.4; p < 0.0001) and SCZ (Z = 4.2; p < 0.0001) compared to controls. No effect either of age or gender by own, was observed. ANCOVA revealed a modest effect of age/gender covariance (F = 3.99; p < 0.048).

Limitation

We used a peripheral tissue. The relationship between methylation of blood and brain DNA is not well known. Data need to be replicated in a brain tissue.

Conclusion

We observed increased DNA methylation in the promoter region of the 5HTR1A gene of SCZ and BPD. This could explain the reported decrease of the receptor expression. The current study supports the growing interest of DNA methylation in psychopathology.     

定量检测子痫前期孕妇血浆中超甲基化的RASSF1A基因

目的 探讨子痫前期孕妇血浆中超甲基化的Ras相关区域家族1A(ras association domain family 1A,RASSF1A)基因的水平变化及应用价值.方法 选择晚期妊娠子痫前期患者60例为实验组,其中轻度和重度子痫前期各30例;正常晚期孕妇60名为对照组.提取血浆游离DNA,经甲基化敏感的限制性内切酶处理,实时定量检测酶切前、后RASSF1A基因的浓度,同时检测β肌动蛋白(β-actin)基因以确保酶的完全消化.结果 子痫前期孕妇血浆中超甲基化的RASSF1A基因含量为正常妊娠组的3.31倍.轻、重度子痫前期患者浓度有差异,中位数分别为1659.00 copies/mL及2036.50 copies/mL(P<0.05).结论 子痫前期孕妇血浆中的超甲基化RASSF1A基因含量明显升高,且浓度水平与子痫前期的严重程度相关.     

RASSF1A基因甲基化与肿瘤的关系

RASSF1A(Ras association domain family 1 Agene) 是RAS相关结构域家族RASSF1基因的转录本A, 它编码一组RAS效应蛋白,它的启动子高甲基化及其基因外失活已在多种人肿瘤细胞株和原发性癌组织中普遍存在,它在多种恶性肿瘤的发生和诱导细胞凋亡的过程中发挥作用。     

Retracted: Promoter Methylation of the RASSF1A Gene may Contribute to Colorectal Cancer Susceptibility: A Meta‐Analysis of Cohort Studies

This meta‐analysis of published cohort studies was conducted to evaluate whether promoter methylation of the RASSF1A gene contributes to colorectal cancer (CRC) susceptibility. A range of electronic databases were searched without language restrictions. Meta‐analysis was conducted using the STATA 12.0 software. Crude risk differences (RD) with their 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated. In this meta‐analysis, 11 clinical cohort studies with a total of 630 CRC patients were included. The pooled results revealed that the frequency of RASSF1A gene methylation in cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in benign, adjacent, and normal tissues (cancer tissues vs. benign tissues: RD = 0.25, 95%CI = 0.13–0.38, P < 0.001; cancer tissues vs. adjacent tissues: RD = 0.32, 95%CI: 0.20–0.45, P < 0.001; cancer tissues vs. normal tissues: RD = 0.38, 95%CI: 0.26–0.50, P < 0.001; respectively). Subgroup analysis by ethnicity demonstrated that RASSF1A promoter methylation also exhibited a higher frequency in cancer tissues among both Asians and Caucasians (all P < 0.05). Our meta‐analysis has shown positive correlations between RASSF1A promoter methylation and CRC susceptibility. Thus, detection of RASSF1A promoter methylation may be utilized as a valuable diagnostic marker for CRC.     

启动子DNA甲基化调节胃癌中PDX1基因表达

目的明确PDXl启动子DNA甲基化,探讨启动子甲基化对PDXl在胃癌中表达的调节作用。方法收集3例胃癌活检组织,免疫组化检测PDXl蛋白表达：吉西他滨处理3株胃癌细胞,RT—PCR检测不同药物剂量和作用时间下PDXlmRNA表达;构建PDXl报告基因,检测启动子活性及吉西他滨处理前后启动子活性的变化;甲基化特异性PCR（MSP）检测3株胃癌细胞和8对配对胃癌组织中PDXl启动子甲基化状态。结果免疫组化结果显示胃癌中PDXl表达低于正常胃黏膜;RT—PCR显示吉西他滨使PDXlmRNA重获表达,且随剂量和时间依赖性。F383有最强启动子活性,吉西他滨显著增加了PDXl启动子活性（P〈0．05）。F383在AGS、BCG823、SGC7901中呈DNA完全甲基化状态;87．5％的胃癌组织出现F383部分甲基化,12．5％出现完全甲基化。癌旁正常组织仅有37．5％出现F383部分甲基化,未出现完全甲基化,两者比较有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论PDXl启动子存在DNA高甲基化,抑制了胃癌中PDXl的表达。     

肺癌患者RASSF1A启动子甲基化状态及其基因表达水平

目的探讨肺癌RAS相关区域家族1A(RASSF1A)启动子CpG岛甲基化状态和基因表达水平与肺癌发生的关系。方法用甲基化特异性PCR检测RASSF1A启动子CpG岛甲基化状态,实时定量PCR检测RASSF1A mRNA的表达水平。结果在肺癌组织中RASSF1A启动子甲基化频率为53.33%(24/45),在正常肺组织中发生甲基化的频率为13.04%(3/23)(P<0.05)。正常肺组织中RASSF1A mRNA全部表达,肺癌组织中表达缺失率为28.89%(13/45),且表达量低于正常肺组织(P<0.05);不同年龄、性别、肿瘤大小、恶性程度、肿瘤分类中其表达量无显著差异;RASSF1A甲基化与其mRNA表达水平下降密切相关。结论肺癌中RASSF1A基因启动子甲基化频率明显升高,其表达普遍下调或缺失,提示RASSF1A启动子甲基化在肺癌发生、发展中起一定作用。     

Fibulin-1基因启动子区域甲基化与食管癌的关系研究

目的:检测食管癌Fibulin-1基因启动子区域甲基化的情况,探讨其相关的临床意义.方法:选取黄石市中心医院2014年1月至2016年2月收治的食管鳞状细胞癌患者96例,另取同期黄石市中心医院因食管良性病变手术切除的食管组织40例作为对照.Fibulin-1基因启动子甲基化使用亚硫酸盐修饰后PCR检测.免疫组织化学检测显示Fibulin-1蛋白表达.结果:食管癌患者中Fibulin-1基因启动子甲基化阳性率为36.5％,显著高于对照组的15.0％(x2=2.517,P=0.036).免疫组织化学检测显示Fibulin-1基因启动子甲基化标本中Fibulin-1蛋白阳性表达率为90.2％.食管癌患者男女性别和不同年龄之间Fibulin-1基因启动子甲基化率无显著性差异(P＞0.05).Ⅲ,Ⅳ临床分期患者Fibulin-1基因启动子甲基化率为43.1％,显著高于Ⅰ,Ⅱ临床分期患者的28.9％(x2=2.426,P=0.046).肿瘤有淋巴结转移患者Fibulin-1基因启动子甲基化率为44.4％,显著高于无淋巴结转移患者的26.2％(x2=2.438,P=0.041).肿瘤中、低分化患者Fibulin-1基因启动子甲基化率为42.6％,显著高于高分化患者的25.7％(x2=2.431,P=0.043).结论:Fibulin-1基因启动子在食管癌组织中高甲基化,Fibulin-1基因启动子高甲基化与食管癌的临床分期、肿瘤分化程度以及有无淋巴结转移密切相关.     

Prognostic significance of the infiltrative pattern invasion in endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium

The prognostic significance of the invasive type of carcinoma cells in endometrial carcinoma is not defined. We evaluated the prognostic significance of the invasive type, as well as the immunostains of p53, c-erbB-2, Ki-67 antigen and MDM2 in endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma. This prospective analysis comprised 112 patients with endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterine corpus who had undergone surgery and were traced for more than 5 years after the operation. They were divided into recurrence (16 patients) and non-recurrence (96 patients) groups. The invasive type of carcinoma cells was divided into expansile, mixed (expansile and infiltrative) and infiltrative pattern. The difference in the invasive type (P < 0.001) and p53 expression (P = 0.004) between the recurrence and non-recurrence groups was significant in the univariate analysis. Moreover, the invasive type was significant in the multivariate analysis (P = 0.004). In contrast, the difference in MDM2 expression, c-erbB-2 expression and the Ki-67 labeling index in both groups was not significant in the univariate analysis. The infiltrative pattern of the invasive type (P < 0.001) and p53 expression (P = 0.043) were significantly related to a poor prognosis in the Kaplan-Meier method using the log-rank test. In conclusion, the current study indicated that the infiltrative pattern of the carcinoma cells is a predictor for poor prognosis in endometrioid adenocarcinoma in the uterine corpus. It was also indicated that p53 immunostains are useful as a predictor, but Ki-67 antigen, c-erbB-2 and MDM2 stains are not.