基于灵敏度分析的页岩气净化流程的模拟与优化

原料气中酸性气体与水等杂质的脱除净化是页岩气下游加工与利用的基础。应用化工流程模拟软件对页岩气脱酸与脱水流程进行模拟,旨为气体净化工业的实践提供理论与技术指导。在脱酸流程模拟中,采用灵敏度分析的方法讨论并优化了吸收剂再生进料位置、再生塔回流比等参数对脱酸流程的影响。脱水流程模拟中,提出了页岩气水含量与水露点的关联方法,为脱水标准的选取提供依据;采用汽提法解决了高浓度吸收剂的再生问题,使流程能够满足更高的脱水要求。     

羟胺肟化装置无机液净化和废水汽提系统流程模拟

以70kt／a环己酮肟生产装置中无机工艺液净化和废水汽提系统为实例,说明如何使用ASPEN PLUS 11．1流程模拟软件建立全流程工艺模拟及调试过程,将软件计算结果与设计和实际生产数据作对比,可供工艺设计和生产管理人员在进行环己醇肟生产装置净化和汽提系统改造设计时参考和借鉴。     

联醇技术流程模拟优化分析探讨

对甲醇合成工艺进行了评述,提出联醇法甲醇合成工艺重要意义。采用管壳式合成塔,使用C207型甲醇合成催化剂,建立联醇法甲醇合成工艺系统模型,借助化工稳态模拟软件,对甲醇合成流程进行了全流程模拟,得到该流程的基本工艺数据。利用化工稳态软件中的灵敏度分析工具从循环量变化、原料气组成、原料气中的甲醇含量等方面论述了操作条件变化对甲醇合成的影响,并进行优化研究。     

基于灵敏度分析的挤出平缝口模优化设计

给出了以直接微分法计算稳态非线性系统设计灵敏度的方法。在基于挤出平缝口模熔体流动机理分析的基础上，建立了口模内熔体流动数学模型。并把设计灵敏度分析法和数值成型模拟技术相结合，运用于口模流道优化设计中，降低挤出平缝口模的出口速率变化率，从而改善了产品质量。通过实例验证，提出的口模优化设计方法非常有效。     

焦油粗酚的分离与精制流程模拟

基于一种新型的煤焦油粗酚产品分离加工方案,通过Aspen Plus对其进行了流程模拟,并通过对关键因素的灵敏度分析,讨论了相应因素的变化趋势,确定了其最优的加工方案,并给出了下一步工作建议。     

衣架式口模设计灵敏度分析

在对衣架式口模体溶液机理分析的基础上,对衣架式口模中熔体的流动行为进行了合理的假设和间化,采用Hele-Shaw流动模型和幂率粘率模型,建立了衣架式口模内的非弹性,非牛顿熔体在等温条件下流动数学模型,将灵敏度分析理论与成型模拟结合运用于衣架式口模流道优化设计中,降低了衣回式口模的出口横向速率变化率。     

真空变压吸附分离氮气甲烷流程灵敏度分析与优化

首先采用实验室自制椰壳活性炭为吸附剂,进行了氮气/甲烷(65%/35%)原料气的真空变压吸附工艺(VPSA)分离实验。通过对比实验和gPROMS 动态模拟软件的分离效果,对变压吸附数学模型进行了验证,证明了所采用数学模型的准确性。在此基础上,对影响产品气甲烷纯度、回收率的关键决策变量进行了灵敏度分析。分析结果表明:产品气纯度主要由原料气流量和置换气流量来进行调控,产品气回收率则需要关键变量共同的作用才能实现最大化。依据灵敏度分析结果,对两塔分离氮气甲烷混合气的变压吸附工艺进行了动态优化。在最优的工况下,可以将进料组成为35%的甲烷富集到75%,回收率达到97.08%;从而达到对于废混合气的高效回收利用。     

数值模拟和优化变压吸附流程研究进展

有效的变压吸附数值模拟和优化能够替代耗资耗时的变压吸附模化实验研究,并对新型变压吸附流程进行快速地评估。本文概述了数值模拟和优化变压吸附流程中涉及的偏微分和代数方程组,比较了一维、二维以及三维模型在描述变压吸附流程中的应用。简介了模拟变压吸附流程的数值方法,对模拟中相邻步骤边界条件的切换方式、偏微分方程组的离散形式和离散方法进行了评述。阐述了国内外变压吸附流程优化的研究进展,对优化中涉及的循环稳态定义方法、最优化算法进行了比较和分析。列举了国内外模拟和优化变压吸附在制氧、制氢、二氧化碳捕集等方面的研究实例和相关变压吸附优化的商业化软件,指出数值模拟和优化变压吸附流程目前面临的问题和未来发展的前景。     

工业双级氨水吸收制冷系统的模拟与优化

应用Aspen Plus模拟软件,采用改进的PSRK 性方法,完成了某厂双级氨水吸收制冷系统的模拟.分析了影响系统制冷系数ξ的因素,确定了装置的最佳分流比,得出了高低压吸收系统出口氨水浓度与ξ的定量关系,提出了几种强化吸收的方法.     

原油常减压蒸馏装置的流程模拟及参数优化

根据某原油常减压蒸馏装置的工艺流程,采用Aspen Plus软件对装置的初馏塔、常压塔和减压塔进行流程模拟计算,获得了各产品的温度、流量等关键参数及减压塔侧线产品的馏程曲线,并与实际数据对比,二者吻合良好. 分析了塔板温度和气液相流量沿塔板的分布,运用灵敏度分析工具对相关参数进行优化,优化后常压塔柴油收率可增加0.22 t/h,常压塔热负荷降低6.3%,减压塔轻油收率上升0.18%,减压塔热负荷降低11.2%.     

氨法烟气脱硫工艺过程模拟与优化

为了进一步研究氨法烟气脱硫工艺过程,以非平衡级传质理论为依据,利用化工流程模拟软件Aspen Plus建立填料吸收塔脱除SO2过程的数值计算模型,分析和优化操作参数对脱硫效果的影响,模拟结果与文献值吻合较好。模型计算结果表明:脱硫率随着吸收液pH值和液气比的增大而增大;随着进口SO2质量浓度和进口烟气流量的增大而降低,并得出吸收液pH值及液气比在氨法烟气脱硫效率影响因素中占主要位置。所建立的氨法烟气脱硫工艺过程模型准确合理,模拟结果可为脱硫系统实际运行调节各操作参数对脱硫效果的影响提供参考和借鉴。     

油页岩气体热载体干馏过程模拟

运用Aspen Plus软件,将油页岩定义为常规物流、非常规物流和常规惰性固体物流的混合物流,结合油母质热解机理、总包一级热解动力学模型,建立了油页岩气体热载体干馏炉模型。在干馏炉正常运行温度下,对油页岩中有机质及其热解产物页岩油、热解气体、半焦等物质的质量进行了计算和分析,并对不同温度下有机质及其热解产物的质量进行了计算和分析。模拟结果与干馏炉设计运行参数符合较好,能方便的对不同温度下热解产物的质量进行预测。     

Displacement of shale gas confined in illite shale by flue gas: A molecular simulation study

The shale gas is an unconventional supplementary energy to traditional fossil energy, and is stored in layered rocks with low permeability and porosity, which leads to the difficulty for exploration of shale gas. Therefore, using CO₂ gas to displace shale gas has become an important topic. In this work, we use molecular simulations to study the displacement of shale gas by flue gas rather than CO₂, in which flue gas is modeled as a binary mixture of CO₂ and N₂ and the shale model is represented by inorganic Illite and organic methylnaphthalene. CH₄ is used as a shale gas model. Compared to the pure CO₂, flue gas is easily available and the cost of displacement by flue gas would become lower. Results indicate that the pore size of shale is an important factor in the process of displacing shale gas and simultaneously sequestrating flue gas, while the flue gas N₂-CO₂ ratio shows a small effect on the process of CH₄ displacement, because the high partial pressure of flue gas is the main driving force for displacement of shale gas. Moreover, the geological condition also has a significant effect on the process of CH₄ displacement by flue gas. Therefore, we suggest that the burial depth of 1 km is suitable operation condition for shale gas displacement. It is expected that this work provides a useful guidance for exploitation of shale gas and sequestration of greenhouse gas.     

煤气净化污水氨回收的流程进展及优化

煤气净化后,大量的氨进入煤气污水中,氨作为应用较为广泛的工业原料,这部分氨应加以回收,净化废水的同时获得无水液氨,创造经济效益。介绍了无水液氨工艺流程的优化过程。     

油页岩炼制过程技术经济分析

我国油页岩资源储量大, 开发油页岩可以缓解我国石油短缺问题。但迄今少有研究对现有的油页岩炼制的能量利用情况和经济效益进行系统量化分析。本文以油页岩典型炼制工艺:抚顺炉工艺和瓦斯全循环炉工艺为案例, 对两种工艺建模和模拟, 根据模拟结果分析两种工艺物流和(火用)流情况, 分析单元中质量损失和(火用)损失的组成和主要因素。基于物流和能流对两种工艺进行经济性能分析。结果表明:以油页岩处理量为418t/h为基准规模, 抚顺炉工艺的(火用)损失比瓦斯全循环炉工艺的(火用)损失高出19.5%;经济方面, 瓦斯全循环炉工艺投资费用为16.9亿元, 较抚顺炉工艺的投资费用高5.1亿元, 但是瓦斯全循环炉工艺多生产5.4t/h页岩油和84.8MW电力, 所以其投资利润率为18.6%, 较后者提高了10个百分点。     

Flue gas cleaning by periodic absorption

Simulations and designs are presented of conventional and periodic SO₂ absorption from exhaust gases using salt water as absorption solvent. Operating conditions resemble those of a maritime operation, involving relatively small amounts of SO₂, so the separation is in the linear region. The advantages of periodic operation, as already demonstrated for conventional distillation remain valid for absorption processes: Less tall towers, than staged towers are possible, or substantially less salt water is required for the process employing periodic cycling.     

基于层次分析法优化天然气净化工艺

为了避免杂质腐蚀设备或因低温冻结而堵塞换热器,天然气在进入液化装置前需对其进行净化处理,即脱除天然气中的酸性气体(CO₂、H₂S)和水分。本文选用二乙醇胺(DEA)法脱除天然气中的酸性气体,用三甘醇(TEG)法脱除天然气中的水分,通过耦合DEA法和TEG法得到最终天然气净化工艺,且达到净化指标要求。但由于工程手册只能给出工艺参数的大概范围,尚无法得到最优的工艺方案,因此本文首先应用化工模拟软件HYSYS8.4对天然气工艺过程进行模拟计算,然后在工艺参数推荐范围内设定9组推荐方案,引入系统评价方法中的层次分析法,并基于Matlab程序计算,对9组推荐方案进行多目标综合评价,最终确定最优的净化组合方案。本文可为天然气净化工艺和其他工艺方案的优选提供指导。     

Structure optimization of tailored ionic liquids and process simulation for shale gas separation

Shale gas, as a potential substitute for energy source, requires important processing steps before utilization. The most common separation technology applied is distillation, which is energy-intensive. With good stability, non-volatility, and tailored properties, ionic liquids (ILs) are regarded as novel potential solvents and alternative media for gas absorption. Therefore, a new strategy for hybrid shale gas separation processing, where IL-based absorption together with distillation is employed for energy-efficient and cost-economic gas processing, is developed. In this work, a three-stage methodology for shale gas separation process is proposed: IL screening, where a systematic screening method with two options (database screening and computer-aided design based on universal quasichemical functional-group activity coefficient model) is established; suitable ILs are selected as promising candidates; process design and simulation, where separation schemes and important design issues in the IL-based processes are determined; and, process evaluation, where the performance of the final separation process is evaluated and verified.     

页岩油冷凝回收油洗工艺模拟与优化

针对我国页岩油冷凝回收油洗工艺尚不成熟的问题,提出了一种用于油页岩干馏油气冷凝回收的油洗工艺,并运用PRO/II流程模拟软件对工艺流程进行模拟,分析模拟结果表明,所提出的油洗工艺能够有效地完成页岩油的冷凝回收,并将油气粗分为净油气、汽油、柴油和重油。针对所提出流程能量利用率低的缺点进行流程改造优化,优化后的热量回收率提高了约14.63%,并且能够获得高品位热源,能量匹配更加合理。同时对油洗塔汽油回流量进行了分析,确定最优的汽油回流量为3100 kg/h。     

Toward more cost‐effective and greener chemicals production from shale gas by integrating with bioethanol dehydration: Novel process design and simulation‐based optimization

A novel process design for a more cost‐effective, greener process for making chemicals from shale gas and bioethanol is presented. The oxidative coupling of methane and cocracking technologies are considered for converting methane and light natural gas liquids, into value‐added chemicals. Overall, the process includes four process areas: gas treatment, gas to chemicals, methane‐to‐ethylene, and bioethanol‐to‐ethylene. A simulation‐optimization method based on the NSGA‐II algorithm for the life cycle optimization of the process modeled in the Aspen HYSYS is developed. An energy integration model is also fluidly nested using the mixed‐integer linear programming. The results show that for a “good choice” optimal design, the minimum ethylene selling price is $655.1/ton and the unit global‐warming potential of ethylene is 0.030 kg CO₂‐eq/kg in the low carbon shale gas scenario, and $877.2/ton and 0.360 kg CO₂‐eq/kg in the high carbon shale gas scenario. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 1209–1232, 2015