大规模天线的增益来源与发展现状研究

基于当前的多天线技术发展,多天线系统通过分集、复用、波束赋型等增益,极大的提升了系统的效率,大规模天线技术通过超过百副的天线数量,配合5G高频率资源,可进一步扩展系统覆盖,降低干扰,提高系统的容量。同时,文章探讨了目前大规模天线技术的发展情况。     

毫米波大规模MIMO系统混合波束成形技术综述

毫米波通信和大规模多输入多输出（Multiple-Input Multiple-Output,MIMO）技术是5G的关键候选技术,在提高5G系统各项性能指标上潜力巨大。混合波束成形作为毫米波大规模MIMO系统中的关键点,能在系统性能和实现复杂度上取得较好平衡,受到业界和学术界广泛关注。首先给出了混合波束成形经典系统模型和常用信道模型,根据信道状态信息获取方式的不同,从基于理想信道条件和基于波束配对两个方面分析和归纳了现有的混合波束成形方案,最后指出了混合波束成形未来发展趋势以及尚未解决的难点。     

基于SICL的宽频带毫米波多波束阵列天线设计

为实现第五代移动通信技术(5G)毫米波阵列天线的多波束扫描,提出了一种基于基片集成同轴线(Substrate Integrated Coaxial Line, SICL)的宽频带毫米波多波束阵列天线。多波束阵列天线主要包括基于SICL的宽频带毫米波罗特曼透镜和基于SICL馈电的宽频带磁电偶极子天线,罗特曼透镜腔体采用平板波导结构,移相段采用非色散结构SICL,设计了一种平板波导透镜腔体和SICL移相段的宽频带匹配结构实现宽频带罗特曼透镜。采用SICL耦合馈电的宽频带磁电偶极子天线作为多波束阵列的辐射单元,易于直接与基于SICL的罗特曼透镜连接使用,可实现宽频带波束扫描。基于此设计了一种7个波束端口、9个阵列单元的宽频带多波束阵列天线。仿真结果表明,该罗特曼透镜的-10 dB阻抗带宽约为42%(20.5～31.5 GHz),磁电偶极子天线的-10 dB阻抗带宽约为45%(20.5～32.5 GHz),组成的多波束阵列天线在20.5～31.5 GHz(约42%)频带内可实现±30°的波束扫描,天线结构简单紧凑、剖面低、易集成且能实现宽频带波束扫描,适用于5G毫米波通信。     

5G大规模天线阵列波束权值自优化系统

大规模天线波束赋形技术是5G的重要技术之一,本文基于用户最小化路测数据,采用大数据分析算法,真实模拟出用户三维分布,拟合出天线最佳波束权值,增强了无线网络的覆盖能力,激发了5G流量增长.     

高频通信技术

毫米波是第5代移动通信系统的重要通信技术,利用大带宽承载大量信息,有效提升系统的吞吐量。第3代合作伙伴计划(3GPP)已经对毫米波频段做了划分,各个国家逐步对频谱进行分配。毫米波因其频谱特性,需要与大规模天线阵列结合使用,获得波束赋形增益。通过对波束设计与波束管理等核心技术的创新,实现热点高速传输。同时,通过高低频无线协作组网的方式,实现整个区域内的基础覆盖,以适应不同的通信场景需求。     

毫米波通信中的波束管理标准化现状和发展趋势

Massive MIMO是5G系统中实现多千兆吞吐量、提升频谱效率和网络性能最有前景的技术之一。在5G新空口(New Radio,NR)系统中,采用大规模天线阵列的混合波束赋形技术已成为解决高频传播损耗、提升高频通信频谱效率的常见方法。文章根据5G NR标准化进展,对现有波束管理流程进行系统综述,介绍Rel-15和Rel-16版本下波束管理的演进过程,并结合未来5G-Advanced标准演进方向,提出针对UE多面板配置的传输增强方案,基于干扰感知和AI预测的波束管理技术以及多站点协作传输场景下TRP快速切换的波束管理流程。     

面向5G的大规模MIMO天线的波束规划及天线选型探讨

大规模MIMO天线技术作为5G技术的关键,在解决超高容量和多用户连接的问题上极具优势。天线的实际增益效果与多波束的管理和天线的选型紧密相关。基于此,本文先行阐述了大规模MIMO天线的波束形成技术,提出了不同场景下的多套波束规划方案,并进一步地对不同覆盖场景给出天线选型建议,为5G的网络设计与建设提供切实可行的参考依据。     

面向6G的毫米波多频段多天线信道测量系统构建及实测验证

毫米波是5G和6G无线通信系统的关键技术.设计满足6G多频段、多天线、高动态范围需求的信道测量系统是6G无线信道研究面临的首要挑战.针对这一需求,本文构建了一种毫米波多频段多天线信道测量系统,可以覆盖24.25～28.5 GHz、31.8～33.4 GHz、37～42.5 GHz等毫米波频段,支持最高16×16天线配置.首先介绍该信道测量系统的架构与性能指标,提出多通道并行校准方案以及测量数据处理算法;其次,基于该信道测量系统开展26 GHz室内外场景的信道测量实验,分析路径损耗、时延扩展以及奇异值扩展等信道统计特性.通过对实测结果分析,验证了该信道探测器用于毫米波段测量的有效性.     

5G毫米波基站的OTA 校准与测试方法研究

5G毫米波基站采用大规模多输入多输出(Massive MIMO)阵列的形式,且空口(Over the Air, OTA)测试将成为首选的5G 毫米波基站测试方案。文中针对数字波束成形形式的5G 毫米波基站大规模MIMO 阵列,给出了相应的OTA 校准与测试解决方案,提出了波束等效全向辐射功率(Beam Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power,BEIRP)的概念,并将传统的射频传导测试指标进行了波束域的拓展,即定义了波束误差矢量幅度(Beam Error Vector Magnitude,BEVM)和波束邻道功率抑制比(Beam Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio,BACLR)的指标。通过仿真与实验, 验证了相关方法、指标的可操作性与合理性,以期对5G 毫米波测试规范的制订有参考价值。     

5G毫米波移动终端测试关键OTA技术研究

对于5G通信,极高的数据速率和极可靠的低延迟的技术场景中,毫米波的大带宽是非常具有吸引力的关键技术。对于5G毫米波移动终端设备,由于支持系统级动态波束赋形和无法使用天线连接器,使得毫米波性能评估从传统的传导测量转向系统级的OTA测试。首先探讨了5G毫米波测试的背景,对三种用于毫米波移动终端的OTA测试方法,分析了其在5G毫米波终端测试中的适用性和局限性,接下来研究毫米波OTA测试方法面临的挑战及相应的解决方案,最后对毫米波移动终端测试技术进行总结。     

新无线接入技术NR-MIMO赋形研究

5G-NR为一种新的接入技术,以满足广泛的需求,包括增强的移动带宽、大规模机器式通信、超可靠和低时延通信等。新的无线接入技术能支持高达100GHz的宽频率范围。但对于6GHz以上的高频通信,存在着明显的路径损耗和穿透损耗。解决这一问题的其中一个解决方案是部署大型天线阵列以获得高波束赋形增益。因此,研究包括模拟/数字/混合波束形成在内的各种波束赋形的增强型大规模MIMO在内的新型无线电接口的多天线方案是十分必要的。     

太赫兹超大规模3D MIMO系统中的波束斜视补偿技术

太赫兹通信技术凭借超大带宽的优势成为未来6G的关键技术之一。超大规模天线技术可以提供巨大的空间分集,提升频谱效率,同样在6G无线通信系统中起到关键作用。在基于移相器的大规模MIMO（multiple-input multiple-output）混合预编码中,由于太赫兹频段的超大带宽,不同频率的子载波信道具有不同的等效空间方向,发射端波束形成时,将带来严重的波束斜视问题。与此同时,随着天线规模的不断增长,超大规模天线技术的应用更进一步扩大了波束斜视造成的影响。针对超大规模天线阵列带来的波束斜视现象放大问题,本文利用3D MIMO平面天线阵列来改善这一状况。为进一步改善太赫兹频段超大带宽引起的波束斜视,在3D大规模MIMO系统的基础上,本文提出了基于两层移相器结构的混合预编码方案,利用第二层移相器,对不同频率的子载波进行补偿。实验结果表明,本方法可以有效地弥补波束斜视带来的阵列增益损失,实现接近最优的系统性能。      

THz antennas design,developments, challenges,and applications: A review

Terahertz (0.1–10 THz) wireless communication will be the future technology to reach a top-notch data rate. THz is one of the most promising candidates for 6G systems because it provides enormous bandwidth, up to 100 GHz, and a massive data rate of up to 1 Tbps. THz antennas, antenna arrays, and MIMO antenna arrays in 6G are hot research topics for implementing 6G wireless communication systems. The 6G aims to continue to enhance the features of the 5G as it is capable of achieving the maximum high-speed data rate, excellent reliable communication, massive connectivity, and very low latency connectivity. The 6G requirements need high-gain antenna arrays and MIMO antenna arrays to combat the effect of atmospheric losses in high frequencies. An in-depth discussion of the planar THz antennas that have been extensively used in THz applications like imaging, sensing, and Internet-of-Things (IoT) has been conducted. The study of the THz antennas, antenna arrays, and MIMO antennas on different conducting materials such as copper and graphene, which are designed on different dielectric substrates such as polyimide, quartz, liquid crystalline polymer, and polytetrafluoroethylene, has been carried out in detail. Metamaterial, photoconductive, plasmonic antennas, and THz beamforming are significant parts of THz communications. This paper also provides antennas and antenna arrays based on them.     

一种用于5G 移动通信终端的双频MIMO天线系统

为满足5G 移动通信系统对信道容量的要求,提出了一种应用于5G 移动终端的双频多输入多输出(MIMO)天线系统。它由沿移动终端两个长边垂直放置的八个天线单元组成。该天线系统可以覆盖中国工业和信息化部(MIIT)所规划的3.3 ~ 3.6 GHz 和4.8 ~ 5 GHz 两个频段,且低频段和高频段的天线效率分别高于61% 和50%。通过优化各天线的相对位置和放置方向,使得各端口之间的隔离度优于15 dB。为更好评估天线系统性能,计算了MIMO天线的包络相关系数(ECC)和信道容量(CC)。所得该MIMO 天线系统在工作频段内ECC均小于0.1,且信道容量峰值可以达到36.8 bps/ Hz。同时,制作并测量了MIMO 天线样品,测试结果与仿真结果表现出良好的一致性。     

Hybrid Beamforming for Massive MIMO Using Rectangular Antenna Array Model in 5G Wireless Networks

Fifth and future generation (5G and B5G) wireless networks aim to serve users with higher data rates and lower latency. Data traffic due to the rapid growth in communication has motivated the study of Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems. They utilize multiple antennas in both transmitter and receiver sides. It is necessary to improve the existing technology to achieve fast and reliable communication. In this research work, a rectangular array antenna based hybrid beamforming in a massive MIMO model has been proposed to improve the spectral efficiency of the system. Thus channel capacity with small RF chains is used. To achieve the high signal strength in the main lobe, Chebyshev tapering has been used to suppress the side lobes signals. In this manner, the proposed Hybrid Beamforming for Massive Output MIMO has been realized with a small complexity and higher spectral efficiency. In this research work, the spectral efficiency of both proposed Hybrid and fully-digital beamforming with a different number of RF chains for a various number of antennas at the transmitter, the receiver side has been analyzed. From the simulation results, it has been observed that the proposed rectangular array antenna based Hybrid beamforming in a massive MIMO system reduces the computational complexity up to 99% as compared with conventional fully digital beamforming to achieve the same spectral efficiencies, which is a productive model for 5G wireless networks.

     

5G大规模MIMO增强技术及发展趋势

大规模MIMO技术是5G的关键技术之一,其原理是当基站天线数量远远大于终端天线数量的时候,基站到各个用户之间的干扰趋于消失,为更好地应用大规模MIMO技术提升系统容量和用户频谱效率,3GPP对相关技术进行了标准化。首先介绍了3GPP在Rel15阶段对大规模波束赋形的传输方案和波束管理等关键技术的标准化情况,然后重点分析描述了Rel16阶段大规模MIMO的增强技术,包括多点(TRP)/多面板(panel)发送以及多波束发送等关键技术,未来大规模MIMO的发展趋势将根据实际应用部署对相关的技术做进一步增强。     

Beam Tracking Particle Filter for Hybrid Beamforming and Precoding Systems

Because millimeter wave (mmWave) systems can span notably wide spectral bands, mmWave systems are expected to dominate fifth-generation (5G) communication systems. Due to the short wave-length of mmWave radiation, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems can use massive antennas and precoding technology to overcome signal attenuation in mmWave channels. However, the cost and power consumption of radio frequency (RF) chains would increase substantially with the number of antennas. Hence, hybrid beamforming was proposed to reduce the number of RF chains in massive MIMO systems. Hybrid beamforming involves RF beamforming matrix construction and baseband precoding matrix derivation. This study focused on the design and implementation of an algorithm for the RF beamforming matrix construction for mobile environments. Accordingly, this study presents a mixture particle filter that exploits the temporal continuity of beam clusters in a mobile mmWave channel to reduce the computational complexity of RF beamforming matrix construction. Moreover, this beam-tracking particle filter is based on parallel processing architecture to support the tracking of multiple beam clusters in the mmWave channel. Finally, the beam-tracking particle filter was implemented on a field-programmable gate array platform and was verified in a hybrid beamforming system for mmWave MIMO systems. The particle filter processor achieved a maximal throughput of 9.198k matrices/s with a clock rate of 192 MHz, which could support a speed of up to 88.5 km/h for mobile users.

     

Energy-efficient hybrid beamforming for millimeter-wave-based massive multiple-input multiple-output system

The advanced wireless communication system requires abridged energy consumption, enhanced data rate, and good signal coverage. The massive MIMO technology for 5G systems has been developed to accommodate several users simultaneously with superior throughput. The claim for high data rate wireless communication services is expanding quickly as time goes. Thus, the key difficulty is that as the number of users grows, the number of phase shifters grows as well, causing the system to consume more power; as a result, the system's energy efficiency decreases. Hybrid beamforming has recently emerged as an attractive technique for millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication systems. The analog beamformer in the RF domain and digital beamformer in the baseband are coupled through a minimal number of RF chains in hybrid beamforming architecture. Hybrid beamforming utilizes fewer RF (radio frequency) chains than the total number of antennas to have a lower energy consumption design. The hybrid beamforming for a mmWave-based massive MIMO system through different phase shifter selection mechanisms is proposed to achieve the highest energy efficiency for mmWave communications systems. The fully connected with phase shifter selection, sub-connected with phase shifter selection (SPSS), and fully connected and sub-connected with phase shifter selection with halved and doubled switches are considered for this research. The simulation results show the SPSS with halved switch outperforms on energy efficiency.