浅析MDEA对H_2S、CO_2的选择性吸收

介绍了天然气的广泛用途,天然气的主要产区,高含硫普光气田的生产运行指标,胺法吸收的工艺流程。通过MDEA溶剂对H_2S,CO_2吸收的反应方程式,反应过程,反应速率,阐述了胺法吸收的反应原理。从胺液吸收温度,天然气与胺液的气液比,吸收塔板层数,溶剂浓度,消泡剂的注入几个方面分别剖析了MDEA对H_2S,CO_2的吸收影响,印证了MDEA溶剂的优良特性以及其对酸性气吸收的选择性。     

MDEA-MEA混合醇胺脱硫脱碳的模拟计算

实验研究了N-甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)和乙醇胺(MEA)混合有机胺水溶液吸收煤气中H_2S和CO_2的过程。采用严格的混合溶剂电解质理论建立了气体吸收的热力学计算模型,并用模拟计算软件(ASPEN PLUS)计算了H_2S和CO_2混合气的吸收过程,计算值和实验值符合良好。实验数据和模拟计算结果表明,采用混合醇胺脱硫具有较好的脱硫效率和选择性,符合目前工业装置对脱硫的要求。     

Absorption of CO2 by aqueous diethanolamine (DEA) solutions in a high shear jet absorber

CO₂ diluted with N₂ was absorbed by aqueous DEA solutions in a high shear jet absorber consisting of a high pressure stainless steel vessel with a pressure nozzle at the top. The results show that equilibrium conditions can be rapidly reached under high shear conditions. CO₂ removal expressed by moles of CO₂ absorbed per mole of DEA increased with gas flow rate and decreased with liquid flow rate. The overall mass transfer capacity coefficient K_g a was found to increase with gas flow rate and solution concentration. K_g a went through a maximum with solution flow rate. Increasing the CO₂ partial pressure was found to decrease K_g a.     

Application of Gas Absorption Theories to o-Cresol Ozonation in Water

The reaction rate between ozone and o–cresol in aqueous solution at pH 2 has been studied. According to the absorption theories, the kinetic regime of the process in the experimental conditions investigated, corresponds to an irreversible fast pseudo-first order reaction between non-dissociated o-cresol and ozone. Similar values for the rate constant are deduced from the different theories. Therefore the film theory, having a simple mathematical basis, seems to be the most appropriate model for this kinetic study.     

Concat工艺用于H2S废气制H2SO4

论述了山西化肥厂Ｃｏｎｃａｔ硫酸工艺回收低浓度Ｈ２Ｓ废气的原理和特点,对焚烧系统进行核算,以期装置的投运。     

煤焦在气化合成气中高温气化反应特性

在固定床管式炉反应器中进行了煤焦在H₂O、CO₂、H₂和CO混合气氛中气化特性的实验研究,考察了反应温度、原料气组成和加煤量对产物气组成以及碳转化率的影响。实验结果表明,在各实验条件下,合成气与煤焦反应后CO流量均增加最多,H₂少量增加。煤焦与CO₂的反应受到明显抑制。混合气体通过与煤焦反应可以提高有效气（CO+H₂）的含量,实验条件下反应出口气体中有效气浓度比反应结束时最多提高3.3个百分点。反应速率受气化剂之间的竞争和气化产物的抑制作用较为明显,在1100℃和1300℃时,煤焦在相同气化剂流量的合成气中的最高反应速率分别只有在纯气化剂（水蒸气或CO₂）中最高反应速率的49%和69%。受到多种气体组分之间的相互影响,气体在孔道里的扩散和吸附对反应影响更加显著,随机孔模型可以较好地拟合此类反应,而不考虑孔结构的均相模型和缩芯模型拟合度较差。     

Synthesis of Silica Nanofluid and Application to CO2 Absorption

Abstract

This study focused on the synthesis of stable nanofluids and their direct application to the CO₂ absorption process. A sol-gel process was used as the synthesis method of nanoparticles in nanofluid. The particle size and stability were determined by SEM image and zeta potential of the nanofluid. Three types of nanofluids containing approximately 30 nm, 70 nm, and 120 nm particles were synthesized and all nanofluids had a stable zeta potential of approximately ? 45 mV. Addition of nanoparticles increased the average absorption rate of 76% during the first 1 minute and total absorption amount of 24% in water. The capacity coefficient of CO₂ absorption in the nanofluid is 4 times higher than water without nanoparticles, because the small bubble sizes in the nanofluid have large mass transfer areas and high solubility.     

红外线分析仪在煅烧炉气中CO2测量的应用

讨论了二氧化碳红外线分析仪在实际生产中的使用经验及日常维护中的注意事项。     

碳酸钠溶液吸收H2S气体的传质性能及数学模型分析

采用Na2CO3溶液在填料塔中分别吸收高、低浓度H2S气体,通过测定总体积传质系数(KGa),采用基于Box-Behnken设计的响应面分析方法研究吸收液流量、浓度和气体流量对KGa的影响,建立了Na2CO3溶液吸收高、低浓度H2S的二次响应曲面模型. 结果表明,在高、低H2S吸收体系中,各因素对KGa的影响规律基本一致,在低浓度H2S吸收体系中对KGa的影响更大. KGa与3个因素之间不是简单的单调函数关系,吸收液流量和浓度具有较强的相互增效作用. 处理H2S浓度为2.16%(j)、气体流量为720 L/h的体系时,当吸收液浓度为0.082 mol/L、其流量为11.28 L/h时,KGa最大;处理H2S浓度为20.1%(j)、气体流量为720 L/h的体系时,吸收液浓度为0.764 mol/L、其流量为11.28 L/h时,KGa最大.     

浅谈燃气H2S含量对制氢转化炉炉管的危害

96年以来，随着公司高硫原油加工量的增多，燃气脱硫能力存在瓶颈，特别当生产异常时，系统燃气硫含量过高，制氢转化炉长期燃烧高硫燃气，导致HK－40辐射炉管的损伤开裂，对流炉管腐蚀穿孔，本文结合实际生产工况和典型损坏事例，来分析腐蚀机理和对策。     

Solubility of H2S and CO2 in sulfolane

The solubility of H, S and CO₂ in sulfolane (tetrahydrothiophene-1, 1—dioxide) has been measured at 40°C and 100°C at pressures up to 2350 kPa and 5900 kPa respectively. The Henry's constants obtained from the data are in agreement with those of Rivas and Prausnitz.     

动力波法脱除化肥厂煤气中的H_2S

利用自制的动力波实验装置,以氢氧化钠溶液为脱硫剂,模拟煤气组成,研究了不同操作条件下脱硫效率的变化。得到了装置达到最高脱硫效率时的相应操作条件。实验中发现,同样操作条件下,随着处理柱塔径的增加,脱硫率下降。因此得出:塔中心处净化效率高,塔壁处低,塔径越大,总净化效率越低。对高负荷的生产设备可采用"多中心效应"的方法,强化传质过程,提高总净化效率。在此基础上,对动力波工业装置进行设计。     

Methanol Synthesis from CO2, CO,and H2over Cu(100) and Ni/Cu(100)

The catalytic activity of Cu(100) and Ni/Cu(100) with respect to the methanol synthesis from various mixtures containing CO₂, CO, and H₂have been studied in a combined UHV/high pressure cell apparatus at reaction conditions,P_tot=1.5 bar andT=543 K. For the clean Cu(100) surface it is found that admission of CO to a reaction mixture containing CO₂and H₂does not lead to an increase in the rate of methanol formation, which indirectly suggests that the role of CO in the industrial methanol process relates to the change in reduction potential of the synthesis gas. For the Ni/Cu(100) surface it is found that Ni does not promote the rate of methanol formation from mixtures containing CO₂and H₂. In opposition, admission of CO to the reaction mixture leads to a significant increase in the rate of methanol formation with a turnover frequency/Ni site∼60×the turnover frequency/Cu site at Ni coverages below 0.1 ML making it a rather substantial promoting effect. It is found that the admission of CO to the synthesis gas creates segregation of Ni to the surface, whereas this is not the case for a reaction involving CO₂and H₂. It is suggested that CO acts strictly as a promotor in the system and we ascribe the increase in activity to a promotion through gas phase induced surface segregation of Ni.     

Equilibria of H2S and CO2 in triethanolamine solutions

The equilibrium solubility of H₂S and CO₂ has been measured in 2.0, 3.5 and 5.0 mol/L triethanolamine solutions. Data were obtained at temperatures of 25°, 50°, 75°, 100° and 125°C at partial pressures of the acid gases ranging from 0.01 to 6360 kPa. Enthalpies of solution were calculated from the solubility data.     

Comparison of Various Alkaline Solutions for H2S/CO2‐Selective Absorption Applied to Biogas Purification

Biogas is a common renewable energy resource. A very important stage of biogas upgrading, studied in the present work, is its purification from H₂S traces. The selective absorption of H₂S and CO₂ into oxido‐alkaline solutions containing hydrogen peroxide and into amine solutions was compared by performing absorption test runs in a cables‐bundle scrubber at 293.15 K and atmospheric pressure. The absorption rate and selectivity for H₂S over CO₂ were determined for various solute partial pressures, different alkaline absorbents and hydrogen peroxide concentrations in the scrubbing liquid, and different pH values. Higher H₂S‐selective absorption performances with oxido‐alkaline solutions than with amine solutions could be observed provided that the solution is at a low pH value (9.5) and contains a sufficient hydrogen peroxide concentration.     

Modelling of equilibrium solubility of CO2 and H2S in aqueous diglycolamine (DGA) solutions

Information on acid gas solubility in solvents utilized is needed for the design of gas plants. A mathematical model for the prediction of equilibrium solubility of CO₂ and H₂S in aqueous 2-amino-2-(ethoxy)ethanol (DGA) solutions is presented. The equilibrium constants, K₁ and K₂, representing a simple proton transfer reaction and the carbamate formation reaction, respectively, were found to be functions of temperature and free acid gas concentration. In addition, K₂, was affected by DGA concentration as well. Model predictions agree favourably with experimental data.     

Dispersion polymerization of MMA in supercritical CO2 in the presence of poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate-co-1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctylmethacrylate)

Various random copolymers of poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate-co-1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctylmethacrylate) (p(PEGMA-co-FOMA)) with different poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chain length (M_n = 300, 475, and 1100) and different FOMA content have been synthesized in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂) via free-radical polymerization. The copolymers containing above 50 wt% FOMA could be used as a stabilizer for the polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) in scCO₂. For PEGMA (300) and PEGMA (475) copolymers, the copolymeric stabilizer with 67–69 wt% FOMA content was shown to be optimal to produce micrometer-size spherical PMMA powder. The size of pendant PEG group and the composition of copolymer as well as the concentration of MMA affected on the size of PMMA particles and the stability of PMMA latexes in CO₂.     

Solubility of H2S,CO2 and their mixtures in an AMP solution

The solubility of H₂S, CO₂ and their mixtures in a 3.43 molar solution of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) has been determined at 50°C at partial pressures between 4 and 5650 kPa. A mathematical model has been used to correlate the data for the individual gases in the solvent. The parameters obtained have been used to predict the partial pressures in the four-component system. In general the predicted values are in good agreement with the experimental data.     

H(2)O(2) in CO(2): sustainable production and green reactions

Hydrogen peroxide is a "green" oxidant whose relatively high cost has prevented it from being applied to commodity chemical processing. Interestingly, those attributes of the current H(2)O(2) process that contribute to the high cost also contribute to its nonsustainable features. We have consequently explored the generation of hydrogen peroxide both by the AQ route and directly from hydrogen and oxygen using liquid CO(2) as the solvent, because CO(2) provides some unique advantages to H(2)O(2) synthesis.