Robust SVC controller design for improving power system damping

The design of a robust controller for a static VAr compensator (SVC) to improve the damping of a power system is presented. The main contributions of the paper are to formulate and to solve the power system damping control problem using robust optimization techniques, and to synthesize the controller with explicit consideration of the system operating condition variations. Nonlinear simulations using the PSCAD/EMTDC software packages have been conducted to evaluate the performance of the closed-loop system. The results have indicated that the designed controller can provide positive damping to the system under a wide range of operating conditions     

Improved fuzzy logic controller for SVC in power system damping using global signals

Static Var Compensator (SVC) is a shunt-type FACTS device, which is used in power systems primarily for the purpose of voltage and reactive power control. In this paper, an improved fuzzy logic-based supplementary controller for SVC is developed for damping the rotor angle oscillations and to improve the stability of the power system. The generator speed and the electrical power are chosen as global input signals for the proposed fuzzy logic controller (FLC). The effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed control is demonstrated with single-machine infinite bus (SMIB) system, three-machine nine-bus WSCC system and New England 10-machine system, which shows the improvement over the use of a fixed parameter controller and existing FLC.     

应用储能系统抑制电力系统低频振荡原理研究

基于线性化等面积法则和小干扰分析方法,提出储能系统抑制电力系统低频振荡的原理和方法.通过对装有储能系统的单机无穷大系统进行理论分析和仿真测试,结果表明储能阻尼控制能够提供系统阻尼,且控制储能系统和电力系统之间的有功功率交换获得阻尼的效果比控制无功功率交换获得阻尼的效果要好的多.     

利用储能抑制互联电力系统联络线功率振荡的研究

在Δδ-Δω相平面上分析了利用储能抑制系统功率振荡的可行性及物理意义,证明了在单机无穷大系统中,储能按与转速差成反相相位或与发电机功角成-90°相位输出有功功率时,可以有效地为系统提供阻尼转矩。接着给出了用留数法设计阻尼功率振荡控制器参数的过程。以留数法为指导,分析了储能安装地点和反馈输入信号对抑制功率振荡效果的影响,得出了储能安装在联络线两端比安装在联络线中间具有更好的阻尼效果,以及采用相角差作为反馈输入的控制效果优于以线路功率作为输入信号的结论。由于实际电力系统中,系统相角差物理意义较模糊且不易测量,提出了一种以合成功角差作为反馈输入的控制方法,在潮流反转、发电机出力变化等多种工况下验证了所提出的控制方法的有效性。     

Mode selective damping of power system electromechanical oscillations for large power systems using supplementary remote signals

This paper presents the design of local decentralized power system stabilizer (PSS) controllers, using selected suitable remote signals as supplementary inputs, for a separate better damping of specific inter-area modes, for large-scale power systems. System identification technique is used for deriving lower order state-space models suitable for control design. The lower-order model is identified by probing the network in open loop with low-energy pulses or random signals. The identification technique is then applied to signal responses, generated by time-domain simulations of the large-scale model, to obtain reduced-order model. Lower-order equivalent models, thus obtained, are used to design each local PSS controller separately for each of the inter-area modes of interest. The PSS controller uses only those local and remote input signals in which the assigned single inter-area mode is most observable and is located at a generator which is most effective in controlling that mode. The PSS controller, designed for a particular single inter-area mode, also works mainly in a frequency band given by the natural frequency of the assigned mode. The locations of the local PSS controllers are obtained based on the amplitude gains of the frequency responses of the best-suited measurement to the inputs of all generators in the interconnected system. For the selection of suitable local and supplementary remote input signals, the features or measurements from the whole system are pre-selected first by engineering judgment and then using a clustering feature selection technique. Final selection of local and remote input signals is based on the degree of observability of the considered single mode in them. To provide robust behavior, H_∞ control theory together with an algebraic Riccati equation approach has been applied to design the controllers. The effectiveness of the resulting PSS controllers is demonstrated through digital simulation studies conducted on a sixteen-machine, three-area test power system.     

Development of self-commutated SVC for power system

A 50-MVA self-commutated Static Var Compernsator (SVC) using the worlds's largest GTO thyristors rated 6 kV-2500 A has been developed for voltage control of electric power systems. The rated dc voltage is 16.8 kV which is four times higher than the highest one manufactured so far. To achieve the high dc voltage, eight GTO thyristors are connected in series. Voltage unbalance between GTOs during switching transient was investigated. A new overcurrent limiting method is proposed, since conventional fuse protection cannot be applied due to such high voltage. Newly developed technologies for this large and high-voltage self-commutated SVC are described. Although simple star-delta connection transformers are used, harmonics generated from SVC are almost equivalent to the 24-pulse converter by shifting the pulse timing appropriately. The PWM control based on 150 Hz is applied and the SVC is designed to continue operation during system faults. The performance of the controller is tested successfully by a simulator, and typical rest results are introduced.     

Application of eigenvalue assignment techniques for damping power frequency oscillations

Two eigenvalue (or pole) assignment methods, using complete and incomplete (output) state feedback, are proposed for the improvement of the dynamic response of a practical power system.     

A decentralized nonlinear feedback controller with prescribed degree of stability for damping power system oscillations

Nonlinear feedback linearization techniques are being used for transforming nonlinear power system dynamics into closed loop systems, whose dynamics are linear over wide range of operating conditions. This facilitates use of linear techniques for designing feedback controllers to damp out oscillations. The advantage of using such feedback controllers is that they do not depend on the system operating conditions unlike the conventional controllers, for example a conventional power system stabilizer. A nonlinear feedback law is proposed in this work, which converts a nonlinear power system into closed loop decentralized linear time varying systems. A feedback controller has been designed using linear quadratic regulator with prescribed degree of stability to stabilize the decentralized linear time varying systems. The performance of the proposed method has been tested on a 16-machine, 68-bus system representing interconnected New England Test system (NETS) and New York Power System (NYPS).     

考虑SVC影响的电力系统多目标交易计划

提出一种基于最优潮流、计及SVC影响,同时考虑经济效益和环境效益的电力系统多目标交易计划模型.首先对各单目标确定性模型求解,得到目标函数值,其次对目标值进行一定程度的伸缩,并定义目标隶属度函数,将确定性问题模糊化.接着采用最大满意度法将多目标问题转化为单目标问题,然后采用非线性规划方法求解,得到新的潮流结果.仿真结果验证了算法的有效性.     

Static VAR system auxiliary controllers for damping torsional oscillations

A new concept is presented according to which a midpoint-located static VAR system (SVS) with appropriate auxiliary control can be simultaneously employed for damping torsional oscillations and enhancing the steady state power transfer limit. Two new SVS auxiliary control signals designated as computed internal frequency (CIF) and computed rotor frequency (CRF), which can be locally synthesized, are proposed. Various locally available signals for SVS control are examined in respect of their ability to stabilize all the torsional modes. It is shown from eigenvalue analysis that with a suitable choice of signal and SVS auxiliary controller parameters, the desired objective can be achieved even when the transmission line is compensated at a level where one of the torsional modes is critically destabilized.     

Reinforcement learning based backstepping control of power system oscillations

This paper proposes a reinforcement learning based backstepping control technique for damping oscillations in electric power systems using the generators excitation systems. Decentralized controllers are first designed using the backstepping technique. Then, reinforcement learning is used to tune the gains of these controllers to adapt to various operating conditions. Simulation results for a two area power system show that the proposed control technique provides better damping than (i) conventional power system stabilizers and (ii) backstepping fixed gain controllers.     

Battery energy storage-based system damping controller for alleviating sub-synchronous oscillations in a DFIG-based wind power plant

This paper presents the issue of the Sub-synchronous resonance (SSR) phenomenon in a series compensated DFIGbased wind power plant and its alleviation using a Battery Energy Storage-based Damping Controller (BESSDCL). A supplementary damping signal is developed considering the angular speed deviation and is incorporated into the BESS control system. Wide-area Measurement System data is used to determine the angular speed deviation. A linearized system model is developed to perform eigenvalue analysis, and to detect and examine unstable SSR modes. The variation of wind speed and three-phase fault are also taken into consideration to validate the robustness of the controller. To further verify the efcacy of the proposed damping controller, time-domain simulations are performed using MATLAB/Simulink. The application of the proposed BESSDCL stabilizes all the unstable system modes efectively at wind speeds of 7 m/s, 9 m/s, and 11 m/s, and at 40%, 50%, and 60% series compensation levels, as well three-phase fault conditions.     

双馈风电场阻尼系统次同步振荡的无功功率控制策略

引入无功-转速型传递函数,推导了双馈风电场无功功率对系统贡献的阻尼系数大小和性质的表达式,并基于分析获得的提供系统正阻尼条件,优化设计无功功率环附加阻尼控制策略抑制次同步振荡。以双馈风电场接入IEEE第一标准测试系统为例,基于Dig SILENT/Power Factory仿真平台对双馈风电场无功功率附加阻尼控制时的系统运行性能进行仿真比较。理论分析和时域仿真结果表明,推导的阻尼系数表达式以及得到的正阻尼范围条件可以有效分析双馈风电场无功功率对系统次同步振荡的作用,提出的风电场无功功率附加阻尼控制策略能在全次同步频段内提供最优正阻尼,且抑制效果优于有功功率附加PSS阻尼控制。     

独立电力系统电压源型LCL逆变器虚拟阻尼控制

在独立电力系统中,LCL逆变器作为电压源为电网提供稳定电压,其输出谐振是影响电力系统稳定性的重要因素之一。为了提高系统稳定性,对LCL逆变器输出谐振抑制方法进行了研究,在目前采用的前馈解耦双闭环控制系统的基础上进行改进,引入虚拟阻尼代替实际阻尼,通过有源控制,选取合理的采样点和反馈位置,得到一种基于滤波电容电压前馈的虚拟阻尼控制方法。理论分析和仿真验证表明:该方法避免了额外并联实际电阻所造成的系统损耗,同时有效降低了系统输出阻抗,提高了系统的稳定裕度。     

Reactive current control through SVC for load power factor correction

This paper discusses a new technique for controlling SVCs (Fixed Capacitor–Thyristor Controlled Reactor) in power systems with the aim of canceling the reactive current component of the load. A complete model of the SVC with its control circuit is set up and simulated in the EMTDC program. The generated harmonics from the proposed SVC controller are considered to design simple tuned filters to cancel the undesirable harmonic components. The effect of these filters is considered as well in the SVC control design, so that the reactive current component absorbed by the combination of the load, SVC, and filters is eliminated. The proposed control technique is compared with respect to a standard PI-based SVC controller.     

Optimal SSSC design for damping power systems oscillations via Gravitational Search Algorithm

In recent years, various heuristic optimization methods have been developed. Many of these methods are inspired by swarm behaviors in nature. In this paper, a new optimization algorithm namely Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) based on the law of gravity and mass interactions is illustrated for designing Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) for single and multimachine power systems. In the proposed algorithm, the searcher agents are a collection of masses which interact with each other based on the Newtonian gravity and the laws of motion. The proposed method has been compared with some well-known heuristic search methods. The obtained results confirm the high performance of the proposed method in tuning SSSC compared with Bacteria Foraging (BF) and Genetic Algorithm (GA). Moreover, the results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller to improve the power systems stability over a wide range of loading conditions.     

Use of power system stabilizers for damping inter-area oscillations in the south systems of the Mexican electrical grid

This paper documents research conducted to investigate the use and tuning of power system stabilizers (PSSs) to improve small-signal dynamic performance of the Mexican interconnected system (MIS). The analysis focuses on the control of a critical inter-area mode associated with the interaction between the southeastern and western regions of the system and a critical local mode. Study results include the determination of critical system modes more controllable by existing PSSs and the use of supplementary control actions to damp low-frequency inter-area modes of oscillation. Results for both, small and large perturbations are presented to illustrate the placement and tuning of PSSs at several appropriate locations throughout the system.     

基于振荡能量消耗的HVDC和SVC附加阻尼控制

系统的总振荡能量和振幅对应,消耗振荡能量的元件对振荡衰减的贡献为正,具有正阻尼。提出了一种以消耗振荡能量为目标的阻尼控制设计方法,推导了高压直流输电(HVDC)和静止无功补偿器(SVC)的附加阻尼控制策略。该方法统一了基于能量函数下降的一大类阻尼控制策略设计方法,并为这类方法建立了严格的理论基础。控制策略的设计还需要考虑对其他元件振荡能量消耗情况的影响。研究了考虑负荷的SVC附加阻尼控制策略,在附加控制中引入频率偏差项增加负荷的振荡能量消耗,增强阻尼控制的效果。仿真结果验证了控制策略的有效性。     

On the eigenvalue control of electromechanical oscillations byadaptive power system stabilizer

The eigenvalue control strategy, which utilizes an adaptive power system stabilizer, is presented for the decentralized control of damping and frequency of electromechanical oscillations in power systems. The control procedure includes the complete identification of the decoupled subsystem model in real-time from local measurements only and the assignment of its estimated electromechanical eigenvalue by the change of stabilizer parameters. The robustness and efficiency of the proposed adaptive controller to enhance overall system stability are illustrated by several examples, including the three-machine power system model     

SVC的模糊变结构控制对电力系统稳定性的影响

在非线性变结构控制理论与模糊控制理论的基础上 ,将二者结合起来进行SVC模糊变结构控制器(FVSC)的设计。该控制器引入经可调整模糊控制规则推理得出的附加控制信号来改善系统的阻尼特性 ,同时结合自动电压调节器改善电压特性的。针对输电线上装设SVC的单机—无穷大系统进行的仿真计算表明 :SVC的模糊变结构控制方式与变结构控制、常规控制方式相比 ,在能够明显地改善电力系统的稳定性的同时 ,可以抑制暂态响应中的电压波动 ,并且能够适应系统运行工作点的变化