绿激光各术式治疗前列腺增生的差异研究

目的比较绿激光各种术式治疗前列腺增生的安全性及有效性。方法回顾性对比分析本院自2016年5月至2018年5月2年内绿激光各种术式,包括绿激光前列腺汽化术(GL-PVP)、绿激光前列腺汽化切割术(GL-PVRP)、绿激光前列腺剜除术(GEL-EP)治疗前列腺的手术时间、出血量、膀胱冲洗时间、术后导尿管留置时间等近期临床指标。对于术后3个月随访的尿流动力学数据、术后国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)评分改变值、术后生活质量评分(QOL)评分改变值、国际勃起功能指数问卷调查表评分(IIEF评分)差值、术后并发症等远期临床指标进行组间分析。结果GL-PVP组、GL-PVRP组、GEL-EP组患者的术前一般数据[年龄、术前前列腺体积、术前前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)、术前IPSS评分、术前QOL评分、术前最大尿流率(Qmax)、术前膀胱残余尿(PUR)、IIEF之间]差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。相比术前,患者在术后最大尿流率(Qmax)、术后膀胱残余尿(PUR)、术后IPSS评分、术后QOL评分改善较术前差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。组间比较中,PVP、PVRP、EP三种术式治疗BPH的平均手术时间、术中平均出血量、持续膀胱冲洗时间、留置导尿管时间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。而在术后IPSS改变值、术后QOL改变值、尿流率改变值、膀胱残余尿改变值、国际勃起功能指数问卷调查表评分差值、术后并发症发生率等方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论绿激光可以有效地、安全地治疗前列腺增生,相比PVRP及GL-EP术,PVP术手术时间更短,术中出血量更少,术后膀胱冲洗时间更短,留置尿管时间更短。     

经尿道前列腺气化电切术治疗42例前列腺增生的疗效观察

目的探讨经尿道前列腺气化电切术治疗前列腺增生的效果。方法采取随机双盲法将85例前列腺增生患者分为经尿道前列腺电切术组(TURP组)43例和经尿道前列腺气化电切术(TUVRP组)42例,对比2组手术时间、术中出血量和膀胱冲洗时间,治疗前后IPSS评分、QOL评分、最大尿流率(Qmax)和剩余尿量。结果 TUVRP组与TURP组比较,手术时间和膀胱冲洗时间较短,术中出血量较少,P<0.01。术后随访6个月,IPSS评分和QOL评分较低,Qmax较高,剩余尿量较少,P<0.01。结论 TUVRP术治疗BPH具有手术时间短、膀胱冲洗时间较短、术中出血量较少等优势,在改善前列腺症状、降低剩余尿量、提高患者生活质量,效果肯定。     

经尿道钬激光前列腺剜除术治疗大体积良性前列腺增生

目的:评价经尿道钬激光前列腺剜除术(HoLEP)治疗大体积良性前列腺增生(BPH)的价值。方法:BPH患者60例,前列腺重量均>100g,分为HoLEP组(n=32)和耻骨上经膀胱前列腺切除术组(n=28),比较两组手术时间、术中出血量和术后膀胱冲洗时间、导尿管留置时间、住院时间;术后3个月随访,比较两组患者IPSS、生活质量评分(QOL)、最大尿流率(Qmax)、剩余尿量(PVR)等指标的变化。结果:HoLEP组与耻骨上经膀胱前列腺切除术组比较手术时间有所延长(P<0.01),但术中出血量减少(P<0.01),膀胱冲洗时间、导尿管留置时间、术后住院时间明显缩短(P<0.01)。术后3个月,两组IPSS、QOL、Qmax、PVR较自身术前显著改善(P<0.01),组间比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:HoLEP治疗大体积BPH具有与开放性前列腺切除术相似的疗效,同时手术安全性高、患者痛苦小、术后恢复快,是一种更适合于大体积BPH治疗的手术方式。     

铥激光前列腺剥橘式切除术与经尿道前列腺电切术治疗良性前列腺增生的比较研究

目的比较经尿道铥激光前列腺剥橘式切除术(TmLRP-TT)与经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)的安全性和近期疗效。方法124例良性前列腺增生(BPH)患者随机分为2组,66例行TmLRP-TT,58例行TURP。术前2组年龄、前列腺体积、前列腺特异性抗原、国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、最大尿流率(Qmax)、剩余尿量(PVR)数值比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。监测并记录手术前后血电解质、手术时间、术后膀胱持续冲洗时间、导尿管留置时间、术后住院天数、手术并发症。术后3个月随访Qmax、PVR、IPSS、生活质量评分(QOL)等指标。对以上各项指标进行统计学分析。结果TmLRP-TT组和TURP组手术时间分别为(57.4±16.2)min及(50.9±13.9)min,导尿管留置时间(1.9±0.5)d及(3.6±0.7)d,术后住院天数分别为(4.8±1.4)d及(6.7±2.2)d,2组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。TmLRP-TT、组术中出血极少,术后无需膀胱冲洗,无低钠血症发生; TURP组有3.4%(2/58)术中输血,术后膀胱冲洗时间(2.7±0.6)d,44.8%(26/58)术后出现不同程度的低钠血症。术后3个月,2组患者IPSS、QOL、Qmax、PVR均较术前显著改善(P<0.01),而组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论与TURP相比,TmLRP-TT治疗BPH切割精准、出血少、恢复快、并发症少、安全性高,近期疗效和TURP相似,在临床上有良好的应用前景。     

经尿道2μm激光前列腺剜除术及前列腺电切术治疗大体积良性前列腺增生的疗效比较

目的 比较经尿道2μm激光前列腺剜除术及前列腺电切术治疗大体积良性前列腺增生的疗效及安全性。方法 收集2011~2013年间79例在我院手术治疗的前列腺体积>80mL患者的临床资料,其中经尿道2μm激光前列腺剜除术45例,前列腺电切术34例,比较两组病例的手术时间、切除的腺体组织重量、术中出血量、持续膀胱冲洗时间、留置尿管时间、手术并发症及手术前后最大尿流率(Qmax)、残余尿量(PVRU)、国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、以及生活质量评分(QOL)情况。结果 79例患者均一次手术成功,两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、持续膀胱冲洗时间、留置尿管时间比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组术中所切除的前列腺体组织重量无统计学差异(P>0.05);两组术后发生暂时性尿失禁、泌尿系感染、二次出血的例数比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组均无死亡病例;两组患者Qmax、PVRU、IPSS及QOL评分较术前均有明显改善(P<0.05),但两组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 对于前列腺体积>80mL的大体积BPH患者,在做好围手术期准备、术者经验丰富的情况下,经尿道2μm激光前列腺剜除术和TURP均有明显的临床效果,特别是经尿道2μm激光前列腺剜除术更具有术中出血少、安全性高、并发症少等优点。     

经尿道选择性绿激光和电切同期治疗浅表性膀胱肿瘤合并良性前列腺增生的疗效比较

目的评价经尿道选择性绿激光汽化术和电切术两种手术方法同期治疗浅表性膀胱肿瘤(SBT)合并良性前列腺增生(BPH)的疗效及安全性。方法对42例确诊的SBT合并BPH患者,随机分为激光组和电切组,分别应用经尿道选择性绿激光汽化术和电切术同期治疗膀胱肿瘤和前列腺增生。术后均辅以化疗药物膀胱内灌注。对国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量评分(QOL)、最大尿流率(Qmax)、术中出血量、留置尿管时间、肿瘤复发情况及手术并发症(前列腺包膜及膀胱穿孔、闭孔神经反射、电切综合证)等指标进行比较。结果两组肿瘤均一次手术成功,3个月后IPSS、QOL及Qmax均较术前有显著差异(P0.05)。激光组术中出血量、留置尿管时间以及手术并发症与电切组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),两组治疗后在IPSS、QOL、Qmax及肿瘤复发情况方面比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论选择性绿激光和电切都是治疗SBT合并BPH的有效方法,但绿激光在术后恢复及安全性方面优于电切。     

TURP联合2μm激光治疗大体积BPH的疗效

目的：探讨经尿道前列腺电切术（TURP）配合2μm激光联合治疗大体积BPH的价值。方法：对32例BPH患者（前列腺重量均〉100g）随机采用2μm激光与TURP加2μm激光两种手术方法治疗,其中2μm激光治疗14例,TURP加2μm激光治疗18例,对两组疗效进行比较。结果：两组手术前后国际前列腺症状评分（IPSS）、生活质量评分（QOL）、最大尿流率（Qmax）均较术前显著改善,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。2μm激光组手术时间平均（142．5&#177;32．0）min,TURP加2μm激光组则为（110．2&#177;28．0）min,后者明显短于前者,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。两组术中出血量、术后膀胱冲洗时间和导尿管留置时间之间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：TURP加2μm激光联合治疗大体积BPH具有与2μm激光治疗相似的疗效,同时能有效减少手术时间,是一种更适合于大体积BPH治疗的手术方式。     

经尿道绿激光分叶汽化剜除术治疗良性前列腺增生

目的探讨经尿道绿激光分叶汽化剜除术治疗良性前列腺增生(BPH)的安全性及临床疗效。方法采用经尿道绿激光分叶汽化剜除术治疗BPH患者87例,观察平均手术时间、绿激光能量消耗、术后膀胱冲洗时间、术后留置导尿管时间、手术并发症,记录并计算手术前后国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量评分(QOL)、残余尿量及尿流率改变等指标的差异。结果本组患者手术均获成功,手术时间平均(58.5±15.5)分钟。无电切综合征、大出血等严重并发症发生。术中均未输血,术后留置导尿管时间(2.8±0.6)天。IPSS、QOL、Qmax等指标均较术后改善明显,随访期内疗效满意。结论经尿道绿激光分叶汽化剜除术用于BPH的治疗,手术时间短,术中出血少,术后恢复快,为一种有效的微创治疗方法。     

经尿道前列腺等离子双极电切剜除术治疗良性前列腺增生效果分析

目的探讨经尿道前列腺等离子双极电切剜除术(TUPKEP)和经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)治疗良性前列腺增生(BPH)的效果及安全性。方法将80例BPH患者根据不同手术方法分为2组,每组40例,分别实施TUPKEP(研究组)和TURP(对照组)。比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、术后膀胱冲洗时间、住院时间、并发症发生率及手术前后最大尿流率(Qmax)、残余尿量(RUV)、国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)和生活质量(QOL)。结果研究组手术时间、术中出血量、术后膀胱冲洗时间、住院时间均优于对照组,术后尿道狭窄、继发性出血、电切综合征等并发症发生率均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组患者术前Qmax、RUV、IPSS以及QOL评分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后3个月2组患者Qmax、RUV、IPSS以及QOL评分均优于术前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);但2组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 TUPKEP和TURP治疗BPH,均具有显著效果,但TUPKEP创伤小,术后并发症少,恢复时间短,安全性高。     

1470 nm半导体激光前列腺剜除治疗大体积前列腺增生:前瞻性随机对照研究

目的:探讨1470 nm半导体激光前列腺剜除术(DiLEP)治疗大体积前列腺增生(BPH)的疗效和安全性。方法:选择大体积(≥80 mL)BPH患者84例,按照随机数字表法分为两组,每组42例,接受1470 nm DiLEP为DiLEP组,接受经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)为TURP组。比较两组手术时间、腺体切除质量、术中出血量等围手术相关指标,出院后对两组随访3个月,比较两组术前及术后3个月残余尿(PVR)、最大尿流率(Q_(max))、生活质量(QOL)评分和国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS);并比较两组术后尿失禁、尿道狭窄等并发症的发生情况。结果:与TURP组比较,DiLEP组手术时间更短(P0.01)、术中出血量更少(P0.01),腺体切除质量更大(P0.01),术后膀胱冲洗时间、尿管留置时间更短(P0.01);术后3个月两组PVR、Q_(max)、QOL评分、IPSS评分均显著改善(P0.01),组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后DiLEP组并发症发生率低于TURP组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:1470 nm DiLEP手术所需时间短,切除腺体组织多、出血量少,术后膀胱冲洗时间短,导尿管留置时间短,术后并发症少,治疗大体积BPH效果显著,安全性好。     

Increased cytokine secretion in patients with failed implants compared with patients with primary implants

All total joint replacements generate wear debris; yet, some implant prostheses fail while others survive despite the presence of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene particulate. It was hypothesized that patients with failed hip implants who have osteolysis will secrete higher inflammatory cytokines than patients receiving total joint replacements. Our study evaluated the peripheral blood monocyte response to varying polyethylene particle volume ratios through cytokine quantification in two patient populations: patients having revision surgery for failed total hip replacements (failed implant group) and patients having primary total hip surgery for osteoarthritis of the hip (primary implant group). We observed elevation of all three proinflammatory cytokines tested (interleukin-6, interleukin-1, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) in response to polyethylene particulate challenge when compared with the controls in both patient groups. The population with failed implants also had a higher absolute cytokine response to polyethylene exposure compared with the control patients having primary implants. These findings suggest that patients with failed implants have a greater inflammatory cytokine response to polyethylene than seen in patients with primary implants.     

Relations with cancer patients

A patient suffering from cancer expects to be cured by surgery, irradiation or chemotherapy. Despite of great progress in treating malignant tumours a great deal of these patients come to death due to their disease. This fact is known to the patients. Therefore, their personal attitude is often characterised by anxiety, hopelessness and impairement of their ability to communicate. Surgeons should know this and pay more attention to the special psychic situation of their tumour patients.     

Assessment of sexual activity in patients with back pain compared with patients with neck pain

Recent research has shown significant adverse effects of chronic low back pain on sexual activity in 46% of patients. To establish whether and how chronic low back pain adversely affects sexual activity, a questionnaire-based study was conducted on a patient group (low back pain) and a comparison group (neck pain). Patients were administered a visual analog scale, a series of conventional questionnaires, and a specifically designed sexual activity questionnaire covering frequency of intercourse before and since onset of pain, discomfort during intercourse, satisfaction with sexual life, and comfortable and uncomfortable basic coital positions. Patients with low back pain reported more interference than did patients with neck pain, and women with low back pain were more affected than men. Compared with the other groups, women with low back pain had greater reduction in frequency of intercourse, more marked discomfort during intercourse, and more interference with their sexual lives. The most pain generating position was prone for both genders, and the most comfortable one was supine. Sexual impairment, more marked in women, seems to be related to the triggering of pain by intercourse and to psychologic factors.     

Renal function in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm. Comparison with hypertensive patients

AIMS: Renal dysfunction occurs occasionally after the repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), and preoperative renal function is considered as one of the potential causes. The present study was designed to evaluate and compare renal function and risk factors of AAA patients with those of hypertensive patients. METHODS: We prospectively examined 95 patients with AAA and 72 patients with essential hypertension (HT) without other cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Renal function, urinary albumin excretion (UAE) and renal scintigraphy were compared. Kidney size was calculated using ultrasonography. RESULTS: Serum creatinine and creatinine clearance in AAA patients was worse than in HT patients. Smoking status was more apparent in AAA patients. Renal artery stenosis occurred in 8 patients with AAA. Renal scintigraphy showed normal function in 19%, hypofunction in 69% and severe dysfunction in 12% of the AAA patients, and normal function in 42% and hypofunction in 58% of the HT patients (p < 0.0001). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that renal function was related to age, UAE, CVD, smoking status and kidney size for all patients, UAE, CVD, smoking status and kidney size for AAA patients, and age and kidney size for HT patients. CONCLUSION: Renal function of AAA patients was worse than HT patients without other CVD. The risk factors for renal dysfunction were different between AAA and HT patients. These preoperative conditions may relate to the postoperative renal dysfunction seen in AAA patients.     

阿德福韦酯治疗慢性乙型肝炎致低磷性骨软化症8例

目的：进一步探讨阿德福韦酯（ADV）所致低磷性骨软化症的临床特点。方法回顾性分析2010至2012年共收治的8例慢性乙型肝炎患者经ADV治疗所致低磷性骨软化症的临床表现、治疗和转归。结果8例患者均在服用ADV后出现低磷血症及骨质疏松，其主要临床表现为乏力、多发骨痛，进行加重至行走障碍；低血磷、低尿酸和高碱性磷酸酶血症、骨密度检查提示骨质疏松。经停用ADV、对症补钙、补磷治疗后患者的血磷恢复正常，疼痛缓解，骨质疏松改善。结论 ADV可引起低磷性骨软化症；补充磷、维生素D3及钙剂治疗可恢复。