基于直线感应加速器的非相干太赫兹源设计

太赫兹波的产生途径有很多,本文通过理论设计和数值计算模拟了利用强流直线感应加速器神龙一号来产生 THz波。神龙一号直线感应加速器能够产生最大能量~20 MeV、束流强度~2 kA、脉冲宽度~60 ns 的脉冲电子束,脉冲电子束以不同能量通过偏转半径不相同的偏转磁铁后可以辐射出具有连续频率的太赫兹波。模拟计算了不同能量下的电子束通过偏转半径分别为0.2 m、0.5 m和1 m的偏转磁铁后得到的太赫兹波频率与电子束能量、磁铁偏转半径等的关系,太赫兹波的频率范围可达0.1 THz~9 THz,最大瞬时辐射功率~0.5 W。最后根据神龙一号直线感应加速器漂移段布局,设计得到偏转半径为0.5 m的偏转磁铁结构以及模拟结果。     

基于相对论超短电子束的THz源

THz波的产生有多种途径,清华大学加速器实验室正致力于发展基于相对论电子束的高峰值功率的THz辐射源。本文分别从高峰值流强的单束团与基于激光整形的多脉冲束团序列出发,介绍实验室在宽谱高电场梯度和准单频可调谐THz辐射等方面的研究进展。高亮度电子束团由新一代光阴极电子枪产生,经3 m行波加速管加速,能量可达~50 MeV,采用速度压缩机制可使束团长度达到百飞秒量级。该超短相对论束团可通过多种机制产生高峰值功率的THz辐射,目前,实验室已通过相干渡越辐射(CTR)获得单脉冲能量18μJ的THz辐射输出。同时,提出了一种结合欠压缩工作模式和漂移压缩方法的新束团压缩方案,可进一步将束团压缩至几十飞秒,有望获得频率范围为0.1 THz~30 THz的超宽谱THz辐射。本文同时介绍了多脉冲超短电子束序列的束团测量实验结果,通过模拟研究验证了基于该束团序列CTR产生高功率、可调谐准单频THz辐射的可行性,并进行了相应的实验方案设计。     

中物院太赫兹自由电子激光:设计、运行及升级

中物院太赫兹自由电子激光(CTFEL)装置是我国第一台基于超导加速器的高重复频率、高平均功率太赫兹自由电子激光装置。CTFEL利用光阴极直流高压电子枪和超导加速器产生约8 MeV电子束在波荡器中产生自发太赫兹(THz)辐射,并在光腔中受激放大获得饱和输出。得益于在0.7~4.2 THz频谱范围内连续可调以及平均功率大于10 W的特性,CTFEL为材料动力学、太赫兹成像、太赫兹生物学等领域提供了独特的研究平台。自2018年开放成为用户装置以来,每年提供不少于1000 h的稳定出光。未来CTFEL将在现有基础上升级成为红外太赫兹自由电子激光装置,实现太赫兹频率全覆盖以及最大功率大于100 W的目标,力争成为世界先进的长波长自由电子激光装置。     

太赫兹自由电子激光放大器研究

太赫兹自由电子激光(FEL)是获得高功率太赫兹辐射的重要途径,目前运行的太赫兹FEL装置基本上都采用振荡器结构,若采用FEL放大器模式,则可产生具有更高峰值功率的太赫兹辐射。本文以北京大学超导电子直线加速器的束流参数为基础,通过模拟分析确定了太赫兹FEL放大器对太赫兹种子源、电子束流及波荡器等的要求。模拟结果显示,太赫兹种子的峰值功率在10 W以上即可实现太赫兹FEL放大;在较易实现的参数条件下,可获得峰值功率数兆瓦的太赫兹辐射。     

太赫兹自由电子激光放大器研究

太赫兹自由电子激光(FEL)是获得高功率太赫兹辐射的重要途径,目前运行的太赫兹FEL装置基本上都采用振荡器结构,若采用FEL放大器模式,则可产生具有更高峰值功率的太赫兹辐射。本文以北京大学超导电子直线加速器的束流参数为基础,通过模拟分析确定了太赫兹FEL放大器对太赫兹种子源、电子束流及波荡器等的要求。模拟结果显示,太赫兹种子的峰值功率在10 W以上即可实现太赫兹FEL放大;在较易实现的参数条件下,可获得峰值功率数兆瓦的太赫兹辐射。     

高平均功率太赫兹自由电子激光装置设计

为满足材料和生物医学等研究需要,中国工程物理研究院(中物院)提出了高平均功率太赫兹自由电子激光(THz FEL)用户装置研制项目。该装置采用准连续波运行的工作模式,太赫兹平均功率约为10 W。通过调节电子束能量和摇摆器的磁场强度,装置输出波长可在100μm(3 THz)~300μm(1 THz)进行调节,以满足不同用户的研究需要。装置主要包括电子源、主加速器、混合型摇摆器、激光谐振腔、太赫兹传输与探测系统等。装置将使用直流高压光阴极注入器作为电子源,主加速器为超导加速器,超导加速器后的电子束能量约8 MeV。该装置将建立成为一个用户装置。     

基于光学技术的太赫兹相干辐射源研究

由于太赫兹辐射的独特性质和潜在的应用价值, 国内外关于太赫兹波的产生和探测的研究正呈现日益繁荣的景象, 目前太赫兹相干辐射源的研究已成为太赫兹技术领域最重要的前沿课题之一。介绍了产生太赫兹相干辐射的三种主要途径：一是光学技术, 它从高频向低频发展, 其代表为太赫兹激光器, 如气体激光器、半导体激光器和量子级联激光器等; 二是电子学技术, 它由低频向高频发展, 如微波管、固体微波源等; 三是光电子技术, 其频率由1 THz向两侧展宽, 采用超快激光脉冲触发产生太赫兹脉冲。设计了基于光学技术的太赫兹相干辐射系统, 该装置根据气体振转能级跃迁原理, 采用高压直流激励方式产生受激辐射, 波导管谐振腔体, 工作气体为N2, CD4和D2, 经过优化设计, 预计可以产生1.54 THz和1.58 THz的波连续输出。     

基于光丝阵列的太赫兹辐射增强方法

基于飞秒激光光丝阵列,从实验上实现了太赫兹(THz)辐射的增强。结果表明,使用阶跃型相位板产生光丝阵列,在相同飞秒脉冲能量下,相比于单光丝情况,光丝阵列辐射THz信号强度被增强,且THz信号强度与光丝数目成正比。当入射能量为5.8 mJ时,8根光丝时辐射的THz能量为31.73 nJ,辐射效率为5.47×10~(-6)。所提方法有望解决飞秒激光辐射THz过程中的能量饱和问题。     

中国工程物理研究院红外太赫兹自由电子激光装置总体设计

中国工程物理研究院红外太赫兹自由电子激光装置是一台用于材料、光谱、生物、医学等领域前沿研究的多功能用户装置,在实验室现有的太赫兹自由电子激光装置（CTFEL）基础上,拟新增两套2×9-cell超导加速单元和两台波荡器,将电子能量提升至最大50 MeV,输出频率覆盖范围拓展至0.1～125 THz,最大宏脉冲功率大于100 W。同时,采用跑道型束线设计,拟建设一台小型能量回收型直线加速器实验研究平台。本文主要介绍了中国工程物理研究院红外太赫兹自由电子激光装置的总体设计、工作模式以及用户实验站布局。     

基于整形飞秒激光脉冲泵浦光电导天线的宽带太赫兹辐射研究

飞秒激光脉冲泵浦光电导天线可以产生宽带太赫兹脉冲辐射。采用具有缓慢上升-快速下降整形脉冲包络的飞秒激光脉冲与光电导天线作用产生宽带太赫兹辐射,基于Drude-Lorentz模型计算了太赫兹辐射的规律,并讨论了激光脉冲脉宽和半导体载流子寿命对太赫兹辐射产生的影响。研究结果表明,尽管这种整形飞秒激光脉冲的能量有所损失,但是这种泵浦方式能够比普通飞秒激光脉冲泵浦光电导天线产生更宽的太赫兹辐射。该结果为实验上基于光电导天线产生宽带太赫兹脉冲辐射提供了新的思路     

A THz Spectroscopy System Based on Coherent Radiation from Ultrashort Electron Bunches

A spectroscopy system will be discussed for coherent THz transition radiation emitted from short electron bunches, which are generated from a system consisting of an RF gun with a thermionic cathode, an alpha-magnet as a magnetic bunch compressor, and a linear accelerator for post-acceleration. The THz radiation is generated as backward transition radiation when electron bunches pass through an aluminum foil. The emitted THz transition radiation, which is coherent at wavelengths equal to and longer than the electron bunch length, is coupled to a Michelson interferometer. The performance of the spectroscopy system employing a Michelson interferometer is discussed. The radiation power spectra under different conditions are presented. As an example, the optical constant of a silicon wafer can be obtained using the dispersive Fourier transform spectroscopy (DFTS) technique.     

Coherent emission and gain from a bunched electron beam

The radiation from a modulated electron beam, such as that produced in a radio-frequency accelerator, passing through a magnetic undulator is analyzed. The authors show that in a waveguide free electron laser (FEL), this may lead to an emission of a significant amount of coherent radiation in the far infrared to millimeter wave range. A simple and powerful method of calculating the spectral distribution of the radiated power is presented along with an analysis of the gain and the saturated power. The experimental results of spontaneous emission measurements on an RF driven FEL, are presented and compared to theoretical predictions     

Free Electron Lasers as a High-power Terahertz Sources

Free electron lasers (FEL) are the lasers which utilize the phenomenon of stimulated undulator radiation. Now they are the most powerful sources of electromagnetic radiation with frequency tunable from 1 to 10 THz. Contrary to most lasers, motion of an electron in the FEL may be described by classical mechanics and classical electrodynamics. Therefore they belong to the family of vacuum electronic devices, such as traveling wave tubes or klystrons. The basics of the FEL physics are discussed. General considerations are clarified through some examples. The Novosibirsk THz FEL is described briefly.     

Tunable coherent radiation in the soft X-ray and extremeultraviolet spectral regions

Undulator radiation, generated by relativistic electrons traversing a periodic magnet structure, can provide a continuously tunable source of very bright and partially coherent radiation in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV), soft X-ray (SXR), and X-ray regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Typically, 1-10 W are radiated within a 1/N relative spectral bandwidth, where N is of order 100. Monochromators are frequently used to narrow the spectral bandwidth and increase the longitudinal coherence length, albeit with a more than proportionate loss of power. Pinhole spatial filtering is employed to provide spatially coherent radiation at a power level determined by the wavelength, electron beam, and undulator parameters. In this paper, experiments are described in which broadly tunable, spatially coherent power is generated at EUV and soft X-ray wavelengths extending from about 3 to 16 nm (80-430-eV photon energies). Spatially coherent power of order 10 μW is achieved in a relative spectral bandwidth of 9×10^-4, with 1.90-GeV electrons traversing an 8-cm period undulator of 55 periods. This radiation has been used in 13.4-nm interferometric tests that achieve an rms wavefront error (departure from sphericity) of λ_euv/330. These techniques scale in a straightforward manner to shorter soft X-ray wavelengths using 4-5-cm period undulators at 1.90 GeV and to X-ray wavelengths of order 0.1 nm using higher energy (6-8 GeV) electron beams at other facilities     

THz Coherent Vavilov-Cherenkov Radiation in a Special Three-Mirror Cavity

In the modern science and technology a compact and having enough output power terahertz radiation source working in room temperature have earned great attention. This paper is devoted to utilize electron bunches stimulate Vavilov-Cherenkov Radiation (VCR) in a special three-mirror quasi-optical cavity to generate coherent THz waves. This novel three-mirror quasi-optical resonant cavity has the coaxial field pattern which enables field establish in this cavity effectively. The analytical theory of the radiation exited by a train of electron bunches in the special kind of three-mirror cavity has been carried out and the coherent VCR has been achieved by the computer simulation. All those shows that this method can be used to establish useful THz radiation source by the normal electron gun and the commonly used microwave devices.     

康普顿型自由电子激光器的实验研究

这里介绍我国第一台康普顿型自由电子激光器的实验研究情况。这是一台以30 MeV直线加速器为基础,配置上电子束输运系统、常周期磁摆动器(Undulator)和光学系统构成的器件。辐射输出波长在9～11μm。1986年11月,在这台器件上获得了平均功率1.4W的10μm辐射输出。下面我们介绍一下康普顿型自由电子激光器的实验装置,如     

基于小周期永磁型错列波荡器的紧凑型XFEL装置设计

X射线自由电子激光(XFEL)装置具有规模庞大、造价高昂的缺点,因此XFEL装置小型化成为该领域一个重要的研究方向,减小波荡器周期是小型化XFEL装置的重要手段之一。小周期永磁型错列波荡器周期可做到10 mm,同时产生约0.8 T的峰值磁场,在小型化XFEL装置上具有潜在应用价值。本文将小周期永磁型错列应用到SASE型XFEL装置中,分析了纵向磁场对起振过程和辐射性能可能的影响,设计了一台辐射波长1 nm的SASE型XFEL装置并计算了其辐射性能,峰值功率约2.2 GW,单脉冲能量约2.4μJ。通过本文证明了小周期永磁型错列波荡器在缩减基于加速器光源规模上的作用。     

Enhancement of Coherent THz Smith-Purcell Radiation by Resonance Overlapping

Frequency-locked coherent Smith-Purcell Radiation (SPR) is emitted when a train of pre-bunched electron beam passes close to the surface of a metallic grating, which develops an energy density spectrum restricted to harmonics of the bunching frequency. For the lamellar grating with narrow grooves, the radiation spectrum from a single electron can also have a feature of narrow band, which is related to the grating structure and the beam energy. The combination of them is proposed in this paper. By properly choosing the parameters, the peak frequency of single electron radiation can be overlapped with the harmonics of the bunching frequency of the electron bunch train, leading to the generation of extremely intense narrow-band THz radiation.