对旋叶压滤机过滤速率与生产能力的探讨

本文介绍了动态旋叶压滤机的过滤特性,讨论了过滤介质阻力和滤饼阻力等因素对计算旋叶压滤机过滤速率的影响。提出了考虑原位清洗后平均生产能力的计算方法。     

旋转压滤机功率消耗的实验研究

介绍了旋转压滤机的过滤特性,采用实验的方法,测定了旋转压滤机在自动控制系统中功率消耗的基本状况。讨论了操作压力、进料浓度、卸料浓度对功率消耗的影响。测试数据为如何选择适宜的操作条件提供了依据,从而使旋转压滤机在实际生产中的工作效率得以大大提高。     

板框压滤机最佳操作周期的计算

通过对板框压滤机过滤过程的研究,引入了“当量非恒压过滤时间”的概念,推导出板框压滤机最佳操作周期的计算公式,并附有计算实例。     

过滤分离技术在无机盐工业的应用展望

提出了在无机盐工业生产中应用过滤分离技术与设备时应注意的几个问题。结合国内外分离机械发展趋势（大型化、多功能集于一体、用途专业化）,介绍了几种节能型过滤设备（带压榨机构的箱式压榨机、陶瓷过滤介质与陶瓷过滤机、带式压榨过滤机、罐式三合一设备）及新型过滤介质。     

采用超高分子量聚乙烯过滤介质强化过滤过程的研究

采用颗粒烧结法制备的超高分子量聚乙烯过滤介质,对用途广泛、难过滤的一种无机盐醋酸钙物料做了动态强化过滤过程研究。在对3种超高分子量聚乙烯过滤介质表征的基础上,考察了不同操作压力、旋转速度、固含量、操作温度等对过滤过程的影响。研究表明,过滤通量随着过滤介质孔径增大、压力增大、温度升高、固含量降低均有所增加,截留效果较好,滤液浊度都在30.0 NTU以下,实现了有效的过滤分离,可供技术工程化应用研究参考。     

板框压滤机的选择和操作参数的确定

研究了板框压滤机先恒速后恒压过滤操作规律,提出了过滤面积和滤框厚度的选择以及操作压力和操作周期的确定方法,附有计算实例。     

滚压式污泥脱水机刮刀导向板结构分析

滚压式污泥脱水机是一种新型过滤分离机械,刮刀导向板是滚压式过滤机的重要部件。应用有限元方法分析刮刀导向板在操作条件下的强度和变形,并以此为基础对实际运行中刮刀导向板存在的表面拉毛问题进行了分析,提出了改进措施。     

几种常见液固过滤方法的能耗与物耗及改进方向

液固过滤过程中能耗与物耗相当可观,对我国节能减排任务的负面影响不可忽视.分析了四种常见的过滤方法(循环过滤、多级过滤、真空过滤和错流过滤)的高能耗与三种常见的过滤装置与方法(手动板框压滤机,分散的深层过滤器与助滤过滤)的高物耗的概况,并简单叙述了改造的大致方向.     

High-pressure filtration—a chance for the downstream processing of biological dispersions

High-pressure filtration is a common practice in solid-liquid separation. A pressure up to 150 bar is used first for short-time drainage and then to press the filter cake with the help of an elastomer diaphragm.After the principal investigation of this concept and measurements to separate biological dispersions, its use in several processes is proposed. For suspensions of cells a filter cake with a high proportion of dry residue can be obtained within a very short time. The optimal regulation of this process on an industrial scale can be obtained by evaluation of laboratory experiments. For separation procedures with biomass and fermentation liquid the high pressure can be used to shorten the filtration time. Bacterial dispersions may be separated effectively with a cross-flow filtration apparatus which is to be developed for work at high pressure.The filtration experiments were performed on bakers' yeast (leaven) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria as model substances with a laboratory filter press apparatus. The filtration velocity and the specific filtration resistance are reported. Furthermore, the processing costs in relation to the proportion of dry residue were calculated as a function of pressure. The minimum cost corresponds to the economical operation range. Though this process is unjustifiably considered as relatively expensive, it is possible that, worked at its best, it will be able to compete with other mechanical separation processes.     

钛硅分子筛TS-1动态过滤的研究

对钛硅分子筛TS 1微粉催化剂应用动态过滤技术 ,在动态旋叶压滤机上进行了过滤性能的研究 ,得到了过滤速率随时间的变化规律 ,并分析了操作压力对过滤速率的影响。为了结合实际工业生产的要求 ,对过滤介质进行了再生实验。该研究为TS 1微粉催化剂的过滤分离提供了一个可行的方法 ,为确定适宜的操作条件及工业应用提供了实验依据     

Conditioning for Municipal Sludge Dewatering. From Filtration Compression Cell Tests to Belt Press

Belt presses are commonly used to achieve sewage sludge dewatering. As this process essentially works by squeezing, it was interesting to better understand how the sludge conditioning affects cake expression. Experiments were carried out with conditioned municipal activated sludge on both a filtration compression cell (FCC) and a laboratory-scale belt press. Two cationic polyelectrolytes with a high charge density (80%) but different molecular weights were used. A significant impact of the conditioning was observed for FCC tests. The higher molecular weight polyelectrolyte led to much shorter filtration phases than with the medium molecular weight one. However, it produced wetter filter cakes. It also led to more elastic filter cakes but less susceptibility to creep. Higher final dryness was observed for sludge conditioned by the medium molecular weight polymer. Experiments carried out on the belt press device did not exhibit such impact. Consequently, the FCC test is not suitable to analyze the sludge dewatering by belt press, although it enables characterization of the expression phase. Indeed, some additional features involved in belt press, such as shear forces or progressive pressurization of the cake, are not characterized by classical FCC tests.     

Conditioning for Municipal Sludge Dewatering. From Filtration Compression Cell Tests to Belt Press

Belt presses are commonly used to achieve sewage sludge dewatering. As this process essentially works by squeezing, it was interesting to better understand how the sludge conditioning affects cake expression. Experiments were carried out with conditioned municipal activated sludge on both a filtration compression cell (FCC) and a laboratory-scale belt press. Two cationic polyelectrolytes with a high charge density (80%) but different molecular weights were used. A significant impact of the conditioning was observed for FCC tests. The higher molecular weight polyelectrolyte led to much shorter filtration phases than with the medium molecular weight one. However, it produced wetter filter cakes. It also led to more elastic filter cakes but less susceptibility to creep. Higher final dryness was observed for sludge conditioned by the medium molecular weight polymer. Experiments carried out on the belt press device did not exhibit such impact. Consequently, the FCC test is not suitable to analyze the sludge dewatering by belt press, although it enables characterization of the expression phase. Indeed, some additional features involved in belt press, such as shear forces or progressive pressurization of the cake, are not characterized by classical FCC tests.     

二次盐水过滤用的超精密澄清过滤技术

分析了３类可用于二次盐水过滤的超精密澄清过滤技术,介绍了刚性微孔聚乙烯管压滤机连续多年在盐水二次过滤的使用中所取得的主要效果。     

液力过滤与液力压密脱水的理论(Ⅱ)

将滤室固定不变的板框或箱式压滤机的操作过程分成滤饼过滤阶段和液力压密脱水阶段两个过程来研究。在滤饼过滤阶段 ,应用表面过滤机理 ,采用传统的鲁思过滤基本方程和平均过滤比阻的理论进行研究。在液力压密脱水阶段 ,应用达西定律建立了液力压密基本微分方程 ,根据研究得出滤饼渗透系数与孔隙率在压密脱水阶段的线性取代关系的结论 ;滤室固定的限制条件和物料平衡条件 ,推导出液力压密的脱水方程式。分析了影响液力压密脱水的时间因素和液力压密速率的各操作参数。建立了完整的液力过滤和压密脱水理论 ,为自动压滤机的设计提供了理论指导     

Numerical modelling of fixed-cavity plate-and-frame filtration: Formulation, validation and optimisation

A model of fixed-cavity plate-and-frame filter presses is developed based on the theoretical framework developed by Buscall and White (1987. The consolidation of concentrated suspensions. Part 1. The theory of sedimentation. Journal of the Chemical Society. Faraday Transactions. I, Physical Chemistry in Condensed Phases 83, 873-891) and the piston-driven filtration model of Landman et al. (1991. Dewatering of flocculated suspensions by pressure filtration. Physics of Fluids. A, Fluid Dynamics 3(6), 1495-1509). The model properly accounts for compression of the suspension network structure within a filter cake in one dimension over a fixed cavity and allows for the effect of membrane resistance and ramping pressures. The model is validated by comparing on-site measurements of actual process performance at two water treatment plants with model predictions based on fundamental material properties of the feed slurries, the operating conditions and the press dimensions. The material properties are measured using laboratory based filtration tests. The model is then used to investigate the optimisation of press throughput and cake solids for a ferric water treatment slurry.     

液力过滤与液力压密脱水的理论(一)

将滤室固定不变的板框或箱式压滤机的操作过程分成滤饼过滤阶段和液力压密脱水阶段两个过程来研究。在滤饼过滤阶段 ,应用表面过滤机理 ,采用传统的鲁思过滤基本方程和平均过滤比阻的理论进行研究。在液力压密脱水阶段 ,应用达西定律建立了液力压密基本微分方程 ,根据研究得出滤饼渗透系数与孔隙率在压密脱水阶段的线性取代关系的结论 ;滤室固定的限制条件和物料平衡条件 ,推导出液力压密的脱水方程式。分析了影响液力压密脱水的时间因素和液力压密速率的各操作参数。建立了完整的液力过滤和压密脱水理论 ,为自动压滤机的设计提供了理论指导     

旋管动态过滤的实验研究

在自行开发的小型旋管压滤实验装置上 ,以清水和白刚玉微粉为物料 ,对旋管动态过滤进行了实验研究。结果表明 ,提高旋管转速反向离心压差增大 ,使清水的透过速率减小 ,转速的变化还会影响沉积滤饼层的厚度和比阻     

新型过滤机在工业中的应用

综述了新型自动厢式压滤机和带式真空过滤机的工作原理和应用;介绍其他过滤机在工业中的应用情况,并简述了常用过滤介质的类别、物性与新型彗星式纤维滤料的特点和应用。     

新型过滤机在工业中的应用

综述了新型自动厢式压滤机和带式真空过滤机的工作原理和应用;介绍其他过滤机在工业中的应用情况,并简述了常用过滤介质的类别、物性与新型彗星式纤维滤料的特点和应用。     

热压过滤完善选煤工艺

论述了热压过滤干燥脱水机具有过滤与干燥的双重作用、脱水效率高等特点;分析了干燥压滤机内脱水峰面的形成和移动过程,以及物料中液体饱和度与时间的关系;介绍了热压过滤干燥工艺系统与装备,并通过应用实例说明其完善选煤工艺的意义。