烤烟复烤片烟在济南自然陈化期间化学成分含量变化

研究了8个产区14个烤烟复烤烟叶样品自然陈化7～51个月期间烟叶总糖、还原糖、烟碱和总氮含量变化,结果表明,随着陈化时间增加,总糖、还原糖、烟碱和总氮含量逐步降低;南方产区糖降低幅度高于北方产区,上部烟叶糖含量下降幅度高于中部烟叶;总氮对陈化期间感官质量变化影响最大。     

烤烟不同基因型间质体色素含量差异与烟叶化学成分的关系

研究了烤烟不同基因型间质体色素含量差异及与烟叶化学成分的关系。结果表明,不同烤烟基因型烟叶中质体色素含量差异显著。相关分析结果发现,叶绿素a仅与总糖呈显著性正相关;叶绿素b与烟碱呈显著性负相关,与总氮含量呈极显著性负相关;类胡萝卜素与总糖呈显著性负相关,但与烟碱和总氮含量呈显著性正相关。通径分析结果表明,叶绿素a和叶绿素b对总糖、烟碱和总氮的直接影响最大,类胡萝卜素对总糖、烟碱和总氮的间接影响最大。由此可见,通过对烤烟质体色素代谢进行合理调控,有利于协调烤烟化学成分,提高烟叶的可用性。     

2002-2013年间我国烤烟主要化学成分变化趋势及原因分析

为了提高我国烟叶的工业可用性,采用2002-2013年间烤烟主产区中部叶数据,分析了近年来我国烤烟主要化学成分指标的变化趋势并探讨了其原因。结果显示,我国烤烟中部烟叶烟碱、总氮、还原糖、钾、氯和淀粉含量(质量分数)范围分别为1.38%~3.77%、1.35%~2.96%、16.96%~32.76%、1.09%~3.07%、0.11%~0.79%和2.00%~8.07%。2002-2013年间,我国烤烟中部烟叶淀粉、钾和氯含量在不同年份间相对稳定,还原糖含量由2002年的21.79%上升为2013年的26.54%,以2005-2008年间上升明显;平均烟碱含量则由2002年的2.72%下降为2013年的2.29%,以2003-2007年间下降明显;总氮变化趋势与烟碱相似;烟草种植布局和品种格局变化与化学成分变化关系不大,烤烟还原糖含量的升高与除北方烟区外其他烟区还原糖含量的普遍升高密切相关,烟碱和总氮含量的降低则主要与西南、东南和长江中上游烟区烤烟烟碱和总氮含量的降低有关。      

烤烟成熟期土壤水分状况对烟叶挥发性香气物质及主要化学成分的影响

为研究烤烟成熟期间不同阶段控水处理对烤烟香气及主要化学成分的影响,采用盆栽,分别在烤烟叶片处于定长、欠熟、适熟3个阶段将土壤相对含水率控制在40%和80%,测定烟叶挥发性香气成分及主要化学成分的含量.结果表明:烤烟成熟过程中,短时干旱处理后西柏烷类物质、质体色素降解物、美拉德反应产物和芳香族等香气物质含量比对照高,而持续干旱处理时这些物质含量比对照低,越临近烟叶定长的干旱对香气物质含量影响越大;烤烟成熟期间,任意阶段较短时间的干旱对香气物质形成有利,但持续干旱对香气形成不利.打顶后的间断干旱,水溶性糖和还原糖含量升高,总氮和烟碱含量也升高,欠熟期、适熟期干旱和整个成熟期干旱能使钾含最稍微升高.     

土壤养分与烤烟化学成分含量间的关系

采用描述统计、相关分析和典型相关分析方法研究了烟叶基地烤烟叶片化学成分含量与土壤养分含量之间的关系,结果表明:①烟叶基地土壤养分含量总体处于富足状态,但各烟区的土壤养分肥力不均匀,烟叶钾含量偏低,蛋白质含量偏高;②土壤有机质与土壤碱解氮,烟叶烟碱、总氮、蛋白质含量分剐呈显著正相关,与烟叶总糖、还原糖含量分别呈显著负相关;土壤pH值与烟叶烟碱、总氮、蛋白质含量分别呈显著负相关,与烟叶总糖、还原糖含量分别呈显著正相关.③在一定范围内土壤中的碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质含量的增加与烟叶烟碱、总氮、蛋白质、钾含量的增加一致,土壤中速效钾、pH值的增加与烟叶总糖、还原糖含量的增加一致.土壤水溶性氯和烟叶中氯含量的增加是一致的.     

两种典型环境对烤烟香型风格及致香物质的影响

通过人工控制土壤水分、UV-B辐射强度、气温及昼夜温差,模拟我国中部低海拔烟区和西南高海拔烟区的生态因素,研究环境对烤烟香型风格及香气前体物、致香成分等的影响。结果表明,成熟期高温和适度缺水能促进叶片内含物的分解,类胡萝卜素的田间降解更加彻底,烤后烟叶中苯丙氨酸降解产物和棕色化反应产物含量较高,浓香型风格更加显著。当环境中UV-B辐射较强、成熟期昼夜温差较大时,烟叶内含物积累较丰富,成熟后香气前体物含量增加,烤后烟叶中质体色素降解产物和类西柏烷类降解产物含量较高,棕色化反应产物含量较低,烟叶香型风格表现为中间香。     

河南烤烟化学成分与烟气成分的相关性分析

对河南不同产地、津巴布韦和巴西产的烤烟烟叶烟气中的焦油、烟气烟碱、CO等有害成分的释放量进行了检测和分析,并对化学成分中的还原糖、总氮、烟碱、K2O、Cl-、SO24-及有机钾对焦油、烟气烟碱、CO的影响进行了相关性分析.结果表明河南烤烟烟气的焦油、烟气烟碱、CO量均高于津巴布韦、巴西烤烟,上述烟气成分与烟叶的K2O、有机钾、还原糖/烟碱、K/Cl呈显著负相关;与烟碱、Cl-和SO24-则为显著正相关;与还原糖比较,上部叶呈显著负相关,中部叶和全部样品相关性不明显.     

湖北烤烟主要化学成分年度间稳定性分析

采用统计分析方法,对湖北烟区18 个植烟县的2005-2009 年共计234 个初烤烟叶B2F、C3F、X2F 样品的主要化学成分进行了稳定性分析。结果表明：（1）湖北烤烟化学成分平均值基本都在优质烟的适宜值范围内,总糖、还原糖、总氮的变异较小,氯、钾氯比、糖碱比的变异较大。（2）湖北烤烟主要化学成分变异性在各年度表现不同,各年份各部位等级烟叶主要化学成分含量变异不同。总体来看,年度内氯、两糖差的变异较大,总氮、还原糖、总糖的变化较小。（3）湖北烤烟B2F 等级年度间总糖、总氮、钾、氮碱比、糖碱比达到极显著差异;烟碱、钾氯比达到显著差异。C3F 等级年度间总糖、总氮、氮碱比、糖碱比、钾氯比达到极显著差异;烟碱、氯达到显著差异。中上部烟叶的烟碱呈下降趋势,钾含量呈上升趋势。X2F 等级年度间总糖、总氮、钾、糖碱比、钾氯比达到极显著差异;烟碱、氯、氮碱比达到显著差异。     

烤烟烟叶香气质量与其常规化学成分的相关性

对2004年44个国产和2个进口烤烟烟样的烟碱、总氮、还原糖、钾、氯、淀粉、总挥发碱和总挥发酸及其燃吸质量进行了检测,并对所获得的数据作偏相关分析。结果表明:①2个进口烤烟烟样烟碱、总氮、还原糖、钾、氯、淀粉和总挥发碱的含量均位于或稍偏离适宜指标范围,而44个国产烤烟烟样有50%以上烟样的烟碱含量偏高、钾和总挥发碱含量偏低,所有国产烤烟烟样的总挥发酸含量低于2个进口烤烟烟样;②烤烟烟叶样品的总挥发酸含量与其香气质、香气量极显著正相关,而其烟碱、总氮、还原糖、钾、氯、淀粉、总挥发碱含量与其香气质、香气量的相关性不显著。     

黔南烤坏烟与正常烟叶主要化学成分含量差异

为了明确烤坏烟与正常烟叶的内在质量差异,本研究采用BRAN+LUEBBE AA3型连续流动分析仪测定了K326品种烤后中部叶和上部叶的5种烤坏烟与正常烟叶（C3F和B2F）的主要化学成分含量。结果表明,与正常烟叶相比,烤坏烟的总糖、还原糖含量和糖碱比均大幅度降低,均为不适宜或极不适宜;烟碱、总氮和蛋白质含量明显提高。5种烤坏烟的总糖含量、还原糖含量的平均值,中部叶分别比正常烘烤的C3F低53.5%和50.6%,上部叶分别比比正常烘烤的B2F低39.6%和35.3%;中部叶烤坏烟的烟碱、总氮和蛋白质含量平均值分别比正常烘烤的C3F高31.4%、40.6%和28.6%,上部叶分别比正常烘烤的B2F高24.5%、36.4%和21.2%;中部叶烤坏烟的还原糖/烟碱平均值比正常烘烤的C3F低62.0%,上部叶则比正常烘烤的B2F低47.8%。可见,烤坏烟的主要化学成分含量大多不适宜、不协调。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press     

INFOPRINT 2014 was Successfully Held in Dongguan

Sponsored by Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China （PEIAC） and organized by Print China magazine, the Seventeenth Beijing International Printing Information Conference （INFOPRINT 2014） was successfully held on 11th Dec. 2014 at Dongguan Exhibition International Hotel.