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膳食纤维是人体所必需的营养素之一,其本身不能直接被机体所吸收利用,但对胃肠道功能及多种营养素的吸收都有一定的影响。这些营养素包括常量营养素-蛋白质、脂类及碳水化合物和微量营养素--维生素、矿物质及微量元素。膳食纤维对于蛋白质代谢及氮平衡的影响不大,但可减少脂类和碳水化合物的吸收及利用。有些实验显示膳食纤维对矿物质及微量元素的吸收无影响,而另一些实验则表明纤维可促进矿物质及微量元素的吸收利用。有些实验结果表明膳食纤维可损害维生素A、维生素E及维生素B12的吸收,但对其它维生素的生物利用无明显影响。 相似文献
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膳食纤维,是指一般不能被消化的食物营养素,主要来自于植物细胞壁.包含纤维素、半纤维素、树脂、果胶及木质素等.膳食纤维虽然不能被人体消化吸收,但在体内具有重要的生理作用,可有效预防肥胖、糖尿病、冠心病、直肠癌、结肠癌等.并且减少肠道吸收糖类、脂类物质,润滑肠道.促进排便,抑制肥胖. 相似文献
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膳食纤维的应用及检测方法的进展 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
膳食纤维曾被认为是对人体不起营养作用的一种非营养成分,称为粗纤维。营养学家曾经认为粗纤维吃多了会影响人体对营养素,尤其是微量元素的吸收。然而近年来现代医学和营养学的研究发现,这种“非营养素”与人体健康密切相关,具有许多独特的生理功能和保健作用。一、膳食纤维的定义膳食纤维是一种复杂的混合物的总称,具有多种生理功能。1976年Trowell等对膳食纤维的生理学定义为“不能被人体内消化酶水解的多糖类碳水化合物和木质素”。1981年AOAC会议确认,Trowell等1976年的定义为膳食纤维的统一定义,并建立了统一的检测方法。随着对膳食… 相似文献
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骨质疏松症(Osteoporsis,OP)是骨量减少、骨的微观结构退化为特征的,致使骨脆性增加而至于发生骨折(Fracture)的一种全身骨骼疾病。本文综述了近年来膳食营养素中蛋白质、脂类、碳水化合物、维生素D和钙等主要营养素对骨质疏松症发病机制影响方面的研究;以及大健康背景下运动干预对骨质疏松的改善;并从膳食营养素和运动干预相结合的角度综合分析,以期为骨质疏松症提供新的视角和治疗策略。 相似文献
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目的:分析某省成年居民膳食营养素摄入结构与代谢综合征(MetS)之间的关系。方法:使用某省2015年慢病与营养监测项目数据,通过主成分因子分析方法探讨成年居民的膳食营养素模式,并应用非条件logistic回归模型分析不同膳食营养素模式对MetS及其组分的影响。结果:本次因子分析得到4种膳食营养素模式:均衡膳食营养模式、高脂高钠高灰模式、低钙低钾模式和低纤维低微量元素模式;成年居民膳食纤维、维生素B1、B2、钙及钾的摄入量较低,钠的摄入量偏高;高脂高盐高灰模式会增加患高血压(OR=1.818,95%CI:0.938~3.523)及中心性肥胖的危险(OR=1.709,95%;CI:0.964~3.029);低钙低钾模式和低纤维低微量元素模式增加高TG血型的危险性(OR=1.709,95%;CI:0.964~3.029;OR=1.709,95%;CI:0.964~3.029)。结论:不同膳食营养素模式对MetS及其组分有不同影响。结合《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量》,建议居民控制脂类及钠的摄入,保证钙钾、膳食纤维、维生素及微量元素的摄入,应因地制宜调整膳食结构和饮食习惯,从而降低MetS及其组分异常的风险。 相似文献
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可溶性膳食纤维生理功能研究进展 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
膳食纤维是一种特殊营养素,其本质是碳水化合物中不能被人体消化酶所分解多糖类物质。根据其水溶性可将膳食纤维分为可溶性膳食纤维和不可溶性膳食纤维;可溶性膳食纤维是既能溶解于水,又能吸水膨胀,并能被大肠中微生物降解纤维。可溶性膳食纤维可降血脂、降胆固醇及预防心血管疾病;降血糖,减少糖尿病发生;同时,其还能诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡,预防肿瘤发生和进展。该文从流行病学、临床试验及动物和细胞实验等方面综述可溶性膳食纤维生理功能及分子机制最新进展,并对未来研究进行展望。 相似文献
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<正> 一、膳食纤维的定义膳食纤维是食品中不被人体消化酶消化的组分的总和,具有卓越的保健功能,近年来被喻为糖、蛋白质、脂肪、矿物质和维生素以外的又一重要营养素。2006年食品法典委员会 CAC 给出如下定义:"不能被人类小肠消化或吸收的、聚合度不小于3的碳水化合物的聚合物"。根据溶解度的不同,膳食纤维又可分为不溶性和水溶性膳食纤维。不溶性膳食纤维包括纤维素、木质素、大部分半纤维素(含壳聚糖);水溶性膳食纤维包括聚葡萄糖、胶体(果胶、树胶、豆胶等)、微生物多糖、耐 相似文献
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The role of dietary fiber in the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of fruit and vegetable antioxidants 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Antioxidants are abundant compounds primarily found in fresh fruits and vegetables, and evidence for their role in the prevention of degenerative diseases is continuously emerging. However, the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of each compound differs greatly, and the most abundant antioxidants in ingested fruit are not necessarily those leading to the highest concentrations of active metabolites in target tissues. Fruit antioxidants are commonly mixed with different macromolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins to form a food matrix. In fruits and vegetables, carbohydrates are the major compounds found, mainly in free and conjugated forms. Dietary fiber, the indigestible cell wall component of plant material, is considered to play an important role in human diet and health. Most studies on antioxidant bioavailability are focused on foods and beverages from which antioxidants are easily released. There is evidence indicating that food microstructure affects the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of several nutrients, referring mostly to antioxidants. Nevertheless, the specific role of dietary fiber in the absorption of antioxidants has not been widely discussed. In this context, the purpose of the present review is to compile and analyze evidence relating to the association between dietary fiber and antioxidants, and the physical and chemical interactions that modulate their release from the chyme in the gastrointestinal tract. 相似文献
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Dietary carbohydrates range in molecular size from simple sugars to complex polymers with a degree of polymerization (DP) of up to 100,000 or more. Oligosaccharides are generally defined as carbohydrates from 2 to 20 monomeric units long. Oligosaccharides have been dietary staples since antiquity but have received much less attention than other carbohydrates such as simple sugars or dietary fiber. Recently, interest in oligosaccharides has increased not only because of properties that include sweetening ability and fat replacement, but also because of resistance to digestion in the upper gastrointestinal tract and fermentation in the large bowel. Thus, some oligosaccharides have functional effects similar to soluble dietary fiber such as enhancement of a healthy gastrointestinal tract, improvement of glucose control, and modulation of the metabolism of triglycerides. These oligosaccharides are the nondigestible oligosaccharides. These compounds are easily incorporated into processed foods and hold much promise as functional ingredients in nutraceutical products. 相似文献
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膳食脂质作为人类生活中一种必不可少的营养物质来源,为机体提供所需的必需脂肪酸和能量,维持人体正常的生理活动,其中肠道作为脂质最主要的消化场所及特定吸收场所,发挥了重要的作用。该研究在基于脂质肠道消化途径的基础上,从脂质自身形态、蛋白质与脂质相互作用下的形态、脂质构型变化、胆汁盐分泌、胰脂肪酶以及共脂肪酶等多角度论述了影响脂质肠道消化的主要因素,分析了影响脂质消化关键行为的界面作用,从转运因子调节、分子吸收路径以及肠道微生物间接调控吸收三个方面阐述了膳食脂质的肠道吸收机制,为深入开展膳食脂质的功能化修饰、高值化利用、创新性研发提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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作为食品的重要组成部分,膳食纤维已被认为是第七大营养素,具有重要的生理作用。膳食纤维能促进咀嚼,增加唾液的分泌,结合大量的水而使胃部膨胀,水合后粘度增加能够延缓营养物质的吸收和胃的排空,具有回肠刹车作用从而减慢肠道的蠕动。通过这些作用,膳食纤维能够促进机体产生饱腹感;另一方面,膳食纤维能够调节胃肠道中与饱腹感产生相关的激素的分泌,如胰岛素、饥饿素、胰高血糖素样肽-1(glucagon-like-peptide-1,GLP-1)、胆囊收缩素(cholecystokinin,CCK)和YY肽(peptide YY)等。本文概述了膳食纤维饱腹感的研究现状,主要包括膳食纤维对饱腹感的影响、饱腹感的生理指标和主观饱腹感的检测方法等方面。 相似文献
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High blood glucose and insulin concentrations, even if within the normal range, are associated with an increased risk to develop type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Dietary carbohydrates are the main determinants of blood glucose levels in the postprandial period; therefore, the effects of dietary carbohydrates on human health are strongly related to their rate of digestion in the small intestine. This has raised much interest on food properties able to retard carbohydrate digestion and absorption. This review is focused to examine food properties which influence carbohydrate digestion in order to predict their potential influence on health markers. Among them, it is worth to underline the role of viscosity, the physical form of the food, cooking methods and processing, the type of starch (amylose or amylopectin), the presence of anti-nutrients and the amount of fiber, fat, and proteins. In this respect particularly relevant is the type of starch present in the food, since amylose is slowly digested by intestinal α-amylases while the digestion of amylopectin is faster. However, the food component that has the strongest impact on digestion and absorption of dietary carbohydrates is dietary fiber that modulates the postprandial glucose rise by multiple mechanisms. In fact, dietary fibers may increase ingesta viscosity, thus delaying the gastric emptying time and slowing both carbohydrate digestion and the rate of glucose transport to enterocytes. In addition, they can influence the composition of the gut microbiota and induce the production of short-chain fatty acids that beneficially affect glucose and lipid metabolism. In short, the knowledge of food characteristics able to retard carbohydrate digestion and absorption in the intestine can help modify food properties with the aim of improving their functionality. 相似文献
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膳食纤维具有提供能量、增强机体免疫的功能,对于人体健康至关重要,被营养学界认定为与蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、维生素、矿物质与水并列的第7类营养素。肠道菌群能激活和维持人的免疫系统和新陈代谢的稳定性,肠道菌群的稳态对人体的发育和成熟至关重要。肠道菌群能够消化膳食纤维,二者之间存在着复杂的相互作用,共同促进和维持肠道健康。近年来,膳食纤维与肠道菌群之间的相互作用受到了科学家广泛关注并取得很大进展。该文就膳食纤维、肠道菌群及其与人体健康关系的研究现状进行了回顾和展望,为深入了解膳食纤维对人体的作用,合理调整膳食结构,促进肠道健康提供参考。 相似文献