The Compatibilization of EPDM/SBR Blends by EPDM-Graft-Styrene Copolymer

Abstract

Ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM) and styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) blends were compatibilized by a graft copolymer EPDM-graft-styrene. This compatibilizer was prepared by gamma radiation induced grafting of EPDM with styrene monomer. The compatibilized blends were evaluated by scanning electron microscope and dielectric properties. The obtained results reveal that the addition of a small percentage of graft copolymer to EPDM/SBR blends improves the physico-mechanical properties of the blend vulcanizates, and this can be related to the enhancement of the blend compatibility.     

马来酸酐接枝SBR增容改性PVC／SBR共混体的研究

采用化学接枝法和力化学接枝法制得马来酸酐（ＭＡＨ）接枝ＳＢＲ（ＳＢＲ－ＭＡＨ）作为ＰＶＣ／ＳＢＲ共混物的增容剂,并对不同方式的接枝物的增容效果进行了对比。     

The Influence of NBR-g-GMA Compatibilizer on the Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Poly (ethylene terephthalate)/Polycarbonate/NBR Ternary Blends

The work aims to study the role of NBR-g-GMA compatibilizer on the morphology and mechanical characteristics of PET/PC/NBR ternary blends. The compatibilizer content and amount of constitutive polymers are changed to correlate morphology development with mechanical properties. Various ternary samples are prepared using a twin-screw extruder whereat weight percent of rubbery dispersed phase (NBR+NBR-g-GMA) is changed. Analyzing the morphology of produced samples and interpretation of mechanical properties corroborated the role of the mentioned factors on the type of morphology and also the size of both individual and composite domains in these sorts of ternary blends. Based on this attempt, the mechanical properties of 50/50 blends of NBR/NBR-g-GMA, showed maximum toughness value compared to pure PET specimen. Also, the results revealed that by increasing the rubber content, the rodlike structures were disappeared; besides, toughness was increased. On the contrary, by increasing PC content, rodlike structures have seen by morphological study; however, core-shell droplets formed in the blend structure caused enhancing the impact strength and reducing Young's modulus. Ultimately, the ternary blend of 63/7/30 of PET/PC/ (NBR+NBR-g-GMA) revealed the best mechanical properties due to proper interaction between the PET matrix and rubbery domains in the presence of reactive compatibilizer.     

NBR/EPDM共混胶的增容研究

研究了增容剂二元乙丙橡胶接枝马来酸酐(EPM-g-MAH)和丁腈橡胶/甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯的共聚物(NBR-GMA)对NBR/EPDM共混胶力学性能和相形态结构的影响。结果表明,加入EPM-gMAH/NBR-GMA并用物后共混胶凝胶含量明显增大。随着增容剂用量的增大,共混胶相形态结构得到明显改善,力学性能有所提高,且共混胶的耐热性能好于耐油性能。共混胶DMA曲线表明,增容剂对NBR/EPDM共混胶有较好增容作用。     

两亲性超支化聚（胺-酯）对PVC／PP共混体系的增容作用

研究了两亲性超支化聚（胺-酯）（A-HPAE）对PVC／PP共混体系的增容作用，讨论了其用量对PVC／A-HPAE／PP共混体系力学性能和复数黏度的影响。结果表明，在PVC／PP共混物中加入2份（质量份，下同）A-HPAE时，能很好地改善共混体系的相容性，使共混物的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别达到26．18mPa和18．72％，比未加的分别提高了107．67％和34．68％；共混体系的绝对复数黏度随着A-HPAE用量的增大而降低；扫描电子显微镜分析表明，A-HPAE增强了PVC和PP之间的界面黏结作用，减小了共混体系中分散相的尺寸。     

乙丙橡胶和丁腈橡胶的并用研究

介绍了乙丙橡胶和丁腈橡胶并用胶的混炼工艺，乙丙橡胶的类型、硫化体系、均匀剂及两种橡胶的并用比例对并用胶料的硫化特性、物理机械性能、耐油性能及低温性能的影响。结果表明，并用时，乙丙橡胶应选用硫化速度较快的第三单体为ENB型及碘值较高的类型；DCP 硫黄、促进剂体系是并用胶料的有效硫化体系；并用胶制备时宜采用两种胶分别配合混炼再按比例掺混的混炼工艺；均匀剂R60，H501能有效提高并用胶料的硫化速率。任意并用比例的胶料均有着良好的物理机械性能但其耐油性能及低温性能不同。     

On the Mechanical Properties of EPDM/CIIR Blends Cured with Reactive Phenolic Resin

Blends of ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber (EPDM) and chlorinated isobutylene isoprene rubber (chlorobutyl, CIIR) with a reactive phenolic resin as the curing agent have been prepared through conventional two-roll mill mixing. The effect of resin curing on the mechanical properties of EPDM/CIIR blends was investigated and compared with conventional curing systems. The morphology of the blends as well as their thermal and steam aging resistance has also been reported. It was found that blends with a phenolic curing system exhibited superior mechanical and thermal aging properties and have potential applications in high-temperature engineered products.     

超支化聚（酰胺-酯）／ABS／聚氯乙烯共混体系相容性研究

研究了超支化聚(酰胺-酯)(HBP)对ABS/聚氯乙烯(ABS/PVC)共混体系的增容作用。讨论了HBP用量对ABS/PVC(80/20)和相同量HBP对不同比例ABS/PVC力学性能的影响。实验结果表明ABS/PVC共混物中加入HBP,可以有效改善共混体系的相容性;加入2份HBP时,ABS/PVC(80/20)共混物拉伸强度达到最大值,继续增加HBP,共混物拉伸强度快速下降,而共混物冲击强度单调下降;不同比例ABS/PVC中加入2份HBP共混物拉伸强度比未加入HBP共混物拉伸强度增加,但共混物冲击强度减小。扫描电子显微镜研究结果证明了HBP增强了ABS/PVC的界面黏结作用,减小了共混体系的相分离程度。     

多相聚合物共混体系增容剂的研究与发展

本文综述了多相聚合物混体系增容剂的研究与发展，介绍了各类增容剂的特点及应用，依据其加入共混体系的方法和与其共混组分间的作用进行了分类。     

反应型相容剂的合成及其对PE/PA6共混物的增容作用

以乳液聚合的方法合成了St-MAH-GMA-AA四元反应型相容剂,采用红外光谱对合成产物进行了结构分析,并研究了相容剂制备过程中的影响因素以及相容剂对PE/PA6共混物的力学性能和微观形貌的影响。结果表明:各单体均参加了反应,相容剂的加入可以提高共混物的力学性能。     

相容剂对PE-HD／PET共混合金性能的影响

以乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯三元共聚物（PTW）作为高密度聚乙烯（PE-HD）／聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）共混合金的反应性相容剂，采用熔融挤出法制备了以PE-HD为基体的PE～Hi）／PET、共混合金。通过力学性能和流变性能测试，扫描电镜（SEM）和动态力学分析（DMA）等手段，研究丁PTW对共混合金性能的影响。结果表明：PTW提高了体系的综合性能，当PE-HD／PET配比为90／10，PTW含量在5份时，其缺口冲击强度提高了近400％，拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别提高了25％和50％，同时改善了共混合金的加工性能。SEM分析表明PTW的加入增大了共混合金的界面相互作用，促进了分散相粒子的细化，从而提高丁体系相容性，DMA测试表明，PTW的加入使PET的玻璃化转变温度向PE—HD的玻璃化转变温度靠近：     

超支化聚（酰胺-酯）对聚丙烯／聚氯乙烯／苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物接枝聚丙烯共混体系的增容作用

研究了超支化聚(酰胺-酯)(HBP))对聚丙烯/聚氯乙烯/苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物接枝聚丙烯共混体系[PP/PVC/PP-g-(St-co-MMA)]的增容作用。讨论了HBP的用量对PP/PVC(80/20)共混物力学性能的影响；研究了剪切应力、剪切速率和温度对PP/PVC(80/20)共混物熔体黏度的影响。实验结果表明在PP/PVC/PP-g-(St-co-MMA)(80/20/6)共混物中加入1份HBP时，就可以很好改善共混体系的相容性，使共混物拉伸强度达到最大值，同时使熔体表观黏度达到较小值。该共混物熔体属于假塑性流体。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究结果证明了HBP增强了PP/PVC/PP-g-(St-co-MMA)的界面粘结作用，减小了共混体系的相分离程度。     

HDPE/sPS共混体系结构与性能的研究

用2种分子量不同的苯乙烯-(乙烯/丁烯)-苯乙烯三嵌段共聚物(SEBS)和一种苯乙烯-b-乙烯/丁烯(SEB)两嵌段共聚物为增容剂,对高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)/间规聚苯乙烯(sPS)共混物进行增容.采用扫描电镜(SEM)及拉伸试验研究了增溶剂的分子量及结构对共混物形态结构及力学性能的影响.结果表明:3种增容剂SEBS(SEB)均可有效地降低sPS分散相的尺寸并增加HDPE/sPS共混物的界面强度,从而提高其力学性能.sPS 的掺入可以显著提高HDPE的耐热性能.     

Homogeneous Styrene Butadiene/Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber Blends

The graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) onto butadiene rubber (BR) was carried out in toluene at 80°C, using dibenzoyl-peroxide (BPO) as initiator. The synthesized poly acrylonitrile-grafted-butadiene rubber (AN-g-BR) was characterized by N% elemental analysis and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Styrene butadiene rubber/acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (SBR/NBR) blends were prepared with different blend ratios in presence and absence of AN-g-BR, where the homogeneity of such blends were examined with intrinsic viscosity (η) measurements, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The scanning electron micrographs illustrate disappearance of the macro-scale phase separation of SBR/NBR rubber blend as a result of the incorporation of AN-g-BR into that blend. Viscosity measurements confirm homogeneity of that blend. Differential Scanning Calorimetry traces exhibit shifts in glass transition temperatures (T _g's) of SBR and NBR in their blend, indicating some degree of homogeneity. Physico-mechanical properties of the rubber blend vulcanizates with different blend ratios, in presence and absence of AN-g-BR, were investigated before and after accelerated thermal aging. The SBR/NBR (25/75) homogeneous blend possessed the best physico-mechanical properties after thermal aging, together with the best swelling behavior in motor oil. The physico-mechanical properties of SBR/NBR (25/75) filled blend with different types of inorganic fillers during thermal aging were studied.     

NR/NBR并用胶硫化体系的研究

考察了几种典型硫化体系及硫黄／ 促进剂 Ｃ Ｚ／ 促进剂 Ｄ Ｍ 配合对 Ｎ Ｒ／ Ｎ Ｂ Ｒ 并用胶硫化胶力学性能的影响。结果表明,采用普通硫化体系、半有效硫化体系的效果明显优于有效硫化体系及无硫黄硫化体系。通过正交试验对硫黄／ 促进剂 Ｃ Ｚ／ 促进剂 Ｄ Ｍ 的配合进行了初步研究,发现硫黄／ 促进剂 Ｃ Ｚ／ 促进剂 Ｄ Ｍ 以１０／１０／０ 配合可使并用胶硫化胶各项力学性能获得良好的平衡。     

Compatibilization of SBR/NBR blends using chemically modified styrene‐co‐butadiene rubber Part 2. Effect of compatibilizer loading

The present work focuses on the compatibization of styrene‐co‐butadiene rubber (SBR)/acrylonitrile‐co‐butadiene rubber (NBR) blends with dichlorocarbene modified styrene‐co‐butadiene rubber (DCSBR) as a function of concentration of compatibilizer and composition of the blend. FTIR studies, differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis reveal molecular level miscibility in the blends in the presence of compatibilizer. The formation of interfacial bonding is assessed by analysis of swelling behaviour, cure characteristics, stress–strain data and mechanical properties. These studies show that the compatibilizing action of DCSBR becomes more prominent as the proportion of NBR in the blend increases. The resistance of the vulcanizate towards thermal and oil ageing improved with compatibilization. The change in technological properties is correlated with the crosslink density of the blends assessed from swelling and stress–strain data. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

PC/ABS共混体系的研究进展

综述了近年来国内外对PC/ABS共混体系结构与性能等方面的研究进展,其中包括相容性理论的研究、相容剂的选用及影响共混体系力学性能的因素:包括原料、组分的配比、成型条件等。并对共混体系的发展方向作了简要的分析,指出PC/ABS共混体系的开发研究在国内塑料合金的工业开发、应用中较为重要。     

Compatibilization of PS and PA6 Blends by Means of Poly(oxyalkylene)amine Modified Styrene-Maleic Anhydride Copolymer

The compatibilization effect of SMA-co-M2070-co-DAP comb-like copolymers, SMMD, on immiscible blends of polystyrene (PS) and polyamide-6 (PA6) is examined in terms of phase structure, thermal behavior, dynamic mechanical analysis, and mechanical properties. A series of SMMD copolymers are synthesized and confirmed by the FT-IR analysis. These compatibilizers have different amphiphilic properties depending on the content of hydrophilic poly(oxyethylene) segments (M2070) and the molar ratio of MA/amine. The morphologies of PS/PA6, affected by the increasing amount of SMMD compatibilizer, show a more regular and finer dispersion. The sizes of dispersed particles have no marked changes over the saturation level of compatibilizer. The glass transition temperatures of the blends are between that of PS and PA6, while the added SMMD copolymer is mainly located at the interface. Using these SMMD copolymers, the compatibilized blends show some improvements in mechanical properties, including Izod impact strength and flexural properties. The graft poly(oxyethylene) and amide functionalities in SMMD structures in forming hydrogen bonding with PA6 and, the polystyrene backbone in π–π interaction with PS facilitate the compatibilizing effect.     

高聚合度聚氯乙烯/SBR动态硫化共混物力学性能的研究

采用动态硫化法制备了高聚合度聚氯乙烯（ＨＰＶＣ）／ＳＢＲ共混型热塑性弹性体。考察了硫化体系、硫化条件、相容剂种类和用量以及返炼次数对共混物力学性能的影响。结果表明,加入１～３份不同种类的相容剂均可明显改善共混物的力学性能,其中嵌段共聚物ＳＥＢＳ的作用效果最佳     

Evaluation of Polyester Resin as a New Compatibilizer for SBR/PVC Blends

A polyester (PE) based on the glycolyzed products of PET was prepared and added in different concentrations to a series of SBR/PVC blends. The addition of the polyester showed that all properties of SBR/PVC blends were improved by incorporation of PE. Highest mechanical strength values were obtained at a polyester concentration of 7.5 phr. Thermal analysis as well as dynamic mechanical properties of SBR/PVC blends after the addition of 7.5 and 10 phr polyester indicated one single glass transition temperature. The dielectric losses (?") were analyzed in the frequency domains in the two terms of Fröhlich related to the Maxwell Wagner effect and the orientation of the aggregates caused by the movement of the main chain. The permittivity (?') values were found to increase by increasing the polyester content. This increase was followed by a decrease in the ?" up to a 7.5 phr polyester content after which no pronounced change was noticed.