选择性填充光子晶体光纤应变特性研究

微结构的光子晶体光纤,通过填充光敏等功能材料,具有可调谐、全光纤结构和易于集成等优点,是光纤光子器件发展的重要方向.毛细管法将高折射率的匹配液,填充到空心光子晶体光纤中邻近纤芯的空气孔中,两端熔接单模光纤,制成高灵敏的应变传感器.实验表明,当填充30mm长,折射率为1.508的匹配液时,测得应变灵敏度约为每应变4.36pm.实验结果与仿真结果相符,这种装置可用于高灵敏的应变传感.     

空芯光子晶体光纤纤芯中的功率分数及其带隙特性

增大光场与气体的作用范围是提高光子晶体光纤(PCF)气体传感灵敏度的主要途径之一。首先,利用多极方法模拟了空芯光子晶体光纤中的功率分数随波长的变化关系,研究发现带隙型光子晶体光纤纤芯中光功率分数随波长变化是不连续的,其最大值可达90%,最小值不到5%。纤芯中光功率分数随波长的分布还与光子晶体光纤包层的空气填充率有关。其次,通过平面波展开方法计算了相应光子晶体光纤周期性包层所导致的光子带隙,研究发现纤芯中的功率分数与光子晶体光纤周期性包层光子带隙的特征有着密切的联系。只要被检测气体的特征波段落入空芯光子晶体光纤的光子带隙中,纤芯中的光功率分数就会远大于实芯光子晶体光纤倏逝波吸收传感时气孔中的功率分数。     

Design for photonic crystal fibers with high nonlinearity and flattened dispersion for self-frequency shift of Raman soliton

A new concept of photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with high nonlinearity and flattened dispersion was designed. The PCF structure is indeed a hexagon lattice. The bigger air holes in the outer rings are used to confine the light field into the core region for enhancing the nonlinearity. The flattened dispersion can be achieved by adjusting the diameters of six smaller air holes in the first ring, and six micro air holes are inserted between smaller air holes for higher nonlinearity and the better flattened dispersion. By optimizing the size of the smaller and micro holes, the PCF can reach to high nonlinearity of 23.3 W⁻¹ · km⁻¹ and the low dispersion of 51.32 ps/(nm·km) with the fluctuation range of 0.98 ps/(nm·km), which is within the wavelength range of 1 400 nm to 1 900 nm. The designed PCF can be used in important applications in realizing the Raman soliton self-frequency shift (RSSFS).     

Ultrahigh Birefringent Photonic Crystal Fiber With Ultralow Confinement Loss

A photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with circular air holes in the fiber cladding and elliptical air holes in the fiber core is proposed. According to calculation, both ultrahigh birefringence (larger than 0.01) and ultralow confinement loss (less than 0.001dB/km) can be achieved simultaneously over a large wavelength range for a PCF with only four rings of circular air holes in the fiber cladding. The confinement loss in this PCF can be effectively reduced while the birefringence almost remains the same. The proposed design of the PCF is a solution to the tradeoff between the birefringence and the confinement loss for the originally reported highly birefringent elliptical-hole PCF. Moreover, an approach to modify the effective index of fiber core is also suggested in this letter     

基于光纤倏逝波传感器的磷酸根离子检测

提出了利用光纤倏逝波传感器通过光吸收方法来测量溶液中磷酸根离子浓度的新方法。将通信用标准单模光纤（SMF）局部腐蚀到接近芯层后放入不同浓度的磷钼蓝溶液中,当以磷钼蓝光吸收峰值为探测光波长时,光纤表面的倏逝波会部分被溶液吸收,通过测量光纤输出光强来计算溶液中的磷酸根离子浓度。实验结果表明,磷钼蓝溶液中磷浓度为0．04～O...     

基于液晶填充的带隙型光子晶体光纤的滤波特性

在实芯光子晶体光纤的周期排列的空气孔包层中,填充高折射率液晶介质,使其形成光子带隙.由于填充后低折射率的纤芯周围分布着高折射率液晶棒,光子晶体光纤的横向因布拉格反射而形成了许多传输带,呈现多通道滤波特性.基于光子带隙理论,利用平面波展开法对填充液晶前后光子晶体光纤传导机制的转变进行了探讨,研究了填充液晶对光子晶体光纤滤波性能的影响.结果表明,当电场增大时,滤波通道中心向长波方向移动,滤波通道带宽增大;而对于相同的外加电场,随着液晶折射率的逐渐增大,滤波特性与电场增大情况类似,光子带隙开始向长波方向漂移,同时带隙的宽度也逐渐变大.

Abstract：

The photonic band gap is proposed by filling high-index liquid crystal into its periodically arranged air holes of the clad of solid core photonic crystal fibers (PCFs).Owing to the high-index liquid crystal clubs arranged around the low-index core after filling,PCFs show conductive bands and multi-channel filtering properties induced by transversely Bragg reflectance.Based on photonic band gap theory and plane wave expansion method,the effect of liquid crystal on the conduction change of PCF and filtering properties are researched.The results show that with the increase of electric filed,the filter channel center moves to long wavelength,and the bandwidth of filter channel increases.However,for the same applied electric field,with the increase of refractive index,the photonic band gap moves to long wave length and meanwhile the band gap increases.     

高折射率纤芯光子晶体光纤的特性研究

在二氧化硅中掺入适量GeO2可增大折射率，用其作为光子晶体光纤的纤芯时易于将光场捕获在纤芯中，形成稳定的传输模式。本文通过有限差分法数值解亥姆霍兹方程，研究了空气孔呈三角形典型结构排列的光子晶体光纤的特性．当纤芯及空气孔的大小都相同时，纤芯掺杂比例越高，光子晶体光纤的有效折射率就越高，色散则会向负向增长。此外，在这种高折射纤芯的光子晶体光纤中，当纤芯的大小及折射率均固定仅增大周围空气孔时，光子晶体光纤的色散增大，有效折射率趋于降低，模场有效面积也趋于减小。     

基于表面等离子体共振的高灵敏度光纤微流控芯片

设计了一种可嵌入基于表面等离子体共振(SPR)光纤传感器的微流控芯片,可用于溶液浓度的测量。采用具有良好化学惰性的有机聚合材料聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)作为芯片主体的制作材料,在芯片中微流控通道内采用镀有60 nm金膜的多模光纤-光子晶体光纤-多模光纤(MMF-PCF-MMF)传感结构来激发SPR效应。当注入微流体通道的溶液浓度发生变化时,由于光纤传感部分外部折射率的变化引起SPR谐振谷移动,故该芯片可用于测量溶液浓度。本芯片微流控通道直径为0.2 mm,最高检测灵敏度可达8240.6 nm/RIU,具有便于实时测量、高灵敏度、高可靠性、溶液用量少等特点。     

高双折射双芯光子晶体光纤特性

提出一种新型的高双折射双芯光子晶体光纤(PCF)模型,通过将最内层8个空气孔替换为4个椭圆空气孔来增大光纤的结构不对称性;通过改变两纤芯间的空气孔大小、椭圆空气孔的椭圆度以及孔间距来分析光子晶体光纤的双折射度、耦合长度以及色散特性。结果表明,双芯光子晶体光纤的模式双折射度达到10-2量级,耦合长度达0.1367 mm,在1.0~1.6 μm波长范围内具有超平坦色散特性。     

Design of low-confinement-loss and highly birefringent index-guiding photonic crystal fibers

We present a systematic scheme to achieve both high birefringence and low confinement loss in index-guiding photonic crystal fibers （PCFs）, using a structurally-simple PCF with finite number of air holes in the cladding region. By increasing the size of the outermost-ring air holes in the cladding region, highly birefringent PCFs with low confinement loss can be successfully achieved. The design strategy is based on the fact that the modal birefringence of PCFs is dominated by the inner-ring air holes in PCF, which is verified by a full-vector finite element method with anisotropic perfectly matched layers. Numerical results show that modal birefringence in the order of 10-3 and confinement loss less than 0.1 dB/km can be easily realized in the proposed PCF with only four rings of air holes in the cladding region. We expect that such fibers will be much easier to be fabvicated than those with more air holes in the cladding region.     

Highly Sensitive Photonic Crystal Fiber-Based Refractive Index Sensing Using Mechanical Long-Period Grating

We experimentally demonstrate a novel refractive index (RI) sensor with the measurand infiltrated into the air channels of a single mode photonic crystal fiber (PCF). A tunable long-period grating is formed in a short length of PCF by use of the periodic mechanical pressure. Resonance shift with the change of the infiltrated liquid is observed with a sensitivity of ${hbox{4.1}} times {hbox{10}}^{-6}$ RI unit in a refractive index range from 1.32 to 1.39. The thermal stability of the pure-silica-based PCF device shows a three times better performance compared with conventional single mode fiber.      

填充混合液体的光子晶体光纤温度传感研究

为获得高灵敏度光子晶体光纤温度传感,在实心光子晶体光纤（PCF）空气孔中填充氯仿和酒精等高折射率热敏液体的混合物。理论上采用有限元法分析了温度对光纤模场面积和限制损耗的影响。通过调节液体的混合比,使损耗对温度的灵敏度达到最大值,实现了高灵敏度PCF温度传感。实验表明,填充液体的长为4mm的PCF温度传感器,灵敏度经检测...     

线性锥形光纤倏逝波传感器的灵敏度分析

倏逝波的透射深度、均匀感应区域的感应芯径和感应长度是线性锥形光纤倏逝波传感器灵敏度的主要影响因素。为了实现灵敏度的最优化设计,分别建立了倏逝波透射深度与锥形参数之间关系及有效吸收路径与感应芯径和感应长度之间关系的数学模型,讨论了不同锥形参数(发射角、锥度比、锥长)下倏逝波的透射深度,不同感应芯径和感应长度下倏逝波的有效吸收路径,并进行了仿真。仿真结果表明,选择锥形光纤几何体和合适的发射角,可使透射深度增大近3倍,当锥度比为0.4时,倏逝波透射深度最大;减小感应芯径,增大感应长度可提高倏逝波的有效吸收路径,增强纤芯表面的倏逝波与周围吸收介质的作用强度。研究结果可用来指导制作高灵敏度线性锥形光纤倏逝波传感器。     

Study of Raman amplification properties in triangular photonic crystal fibers

The Raman properties of triangular photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) are analyzed in order to design a fiber for Raman amplification with enhanced performances. By casting the Raman intensity propagation equations, the Raman effective area and the Raman gain coefficient are introduced - two meaningful parameters that take into account the overlap between the pump and signal profiles. The behavior of these two parameters is examined in silica PCFs as a function of the geometrical characteristics of the triangular lattice. The numerical results show that a proper design of the hole diameter and the spacing between air holes can minimize the Raman effective area and maximize the Raman gain coefficient. The paper then focuses on PCFs with a germania-doped core. It is found that, for a given PCF cross section and dimension of the doped region, the Raman gain coefficient increases linearly with germania concentration. Moreover, by enlarging the doped region, it is discovered that a PCF with a germania-doped area internally tangent to the first ring of air holes has a maximum Raman gain coefficient. Finally, the calculated values of the Raman gain coefficient are compared with those of other highly nonlinear fibers presented in the literature, showing that a well-designed triangular PCF can significantly improve Raman gain performance.     

液晶光子晶体光纤电场传感的模式特性

光子晶体光纤(PCF)的导光特性可通过改变空气孔的结构参数(孔径、间距和排列方式)、材料填充等方法进行调节。由于自身具有电可调性,液晶作为PCF的填充材料具有很大的研究价值,可以用于制作电可调PCF。利用有限元法分析了液晶(E7)填充的光子晶体光纤的基模有效折射率、有效模场面积等参量随占空比、外电场的变化关系,得到了不同占空比下基模的截止电压和一定电压下基模的截止波长。结果表明光子晶体光纤的电压可调范围随占空比增大而增大;占空比一定时,电压越大,波长可调范围越小。这种液晶填充的光子晶体光纤可以应用于电场传感等领域。     

新型色散平坦光子晶体光纤设计与分析

研究了一种新改进的折射率导光光子晶体光纤的色散性能。研究表明当纤芯空气孔的孔径小于包层空气孔孔径时, 光子晶体光纤仍然通过全内反射（TIR）导光。采用全矢量平面波展开法分析光子晶体光纤的色散特性, 并设计了波长为1360 nm到1730 nm时, 色散值在-10±0.5 ps/（nm·km）之间的色散平坦光子晶体光纤, 其色散斜率在波长为1370～1740 nm时可达±0.01 ps/nm2/km。     

A new photonic crystal fiber gas sensor based on evanescent wave in terahertz wave band: design and simulation

In this paper, we present the design of a new photonic crystal fiber （PCF） gas sensor for evanescent-field sensing in terahertz （THz） wave band. This sensor can be used to identify the gas, and its size is very large, so that it is beneficial to fill it with the test substance. Based on simulation, we demonstrate that the gas sensor using PCFs with four noncir- cular large holes in the cladding has high sensitivity and low loss, the confinement loss is less than 0.007 dB/m, and the bending loss is very small. The new PCF gas sensor can detect kinds of gases, for example, if test gas is water va- por, it has obvious absorption peaks in THz band, and the sensitivities of gas sensor are 64% and 73% at 1.097 THz and 0.752 THz, respectively. Due to the ultra-low loss and high sensitivity of the model, the novel steering-wheel structured fiber is very suitable for evanescent-field sensing and the detection of chemical and biological products.     

光纤倏逝波化学传感器灵敏度特性研究

为了克服传统光纤化学传感器的不足,运用宽光谱分析法设计一种基于倏逝波原理的光纤化学传感器,研究了传感器的几何结构参数,溶液浓度与灵敏度的关系。运用光束传播法(BPM)分析传感器几何结构参数与灵敏度的关系;通过化学腐蚀方法制备出不同参数结构的传感器,并用不同浓度亚甲基蓝溶液对这些传感器进行实验验证。实验结果表明,模拟结果与实验结果相符,溶液浓度越大,传感区纤芯越细、越长,灵敏度越高;文章提出的光纤倏逝波化学传感器在水质检测方面有着潜在的应用。     

非均匀孔径光子晶体光纤的模式截止

对于非均匀孔径光子晶体光纤(PCF)模式截止特性的分析,基于基空间填充模(FSM)的方法不再适用。使用全矢量超格子模型给出了光子晶体光纤模场半径的计算方法,并提出通过分析各模式模场半径的突变现象可以判断模式截止,使用该方法对双孔保偏光子晶体光纤和最内层为小孔的光子晶体光纤模式截止特性作了分析和讨论,结果表明,通过该方法能准确地判断非均匀孔径光子晶体光纤中的模式截止,只要波长扫描的精度足够高就能精确地求解出各个模式的截止波长。     

基于倏逝波吸收的塑料光纤葡萄糖传感特性

利用塑料光纤作为传感和传光器件,以高亮度经正弦信号调制的蓝光LED为光源,基于倏逝波吸收原理进行葡萄糖浓度传感。实验研究了U形、双锥形、螺旋形传感头对不同质量浓度葡萄糖溶液的传感特性,实验结果为螺旋形传感头的灵敏度最高。螺旋形传感头的透射光功率与葡萄糖质量浓度之间呈线性关系,线性系数为0.986,系统的灵敏度为0.1μg/mL。实验还对螺旋形传感头在质量浓度分别为0mg/100mL和25mg/100mL葡萄糖溶液中透射光功率的重复性进行了测试,在5个循环内实验结果具有重复性。