人呼吸道纤毛细胞的超微结构

呼吸道上皮细胞的超微结构研究对其功能和疾病了解提供可靠的形态基础,是深入研究呼吸系统结构和功能的重要部分。但有关人类呼吸道上皮细胞,特别是纤毛细胞详细的超微结构资料甚少。本文将较详细报告其电镜观察结果。材料来自60例呼吸道感染患者,0.1％地卡因喷雾局麻下,以无菌导管吸取鼻咽部分泌物,经抗粘液试剂处理和缓冲液漂洗后,离心沉淀成细胞团块,按透射电镜技术常规和半薄切片定位制备超薄切片,电镜观察。研究材料虽来自呼吸道感染患者,但取材时带有一定机械性,因此较常见到基本正常的整层的呼吸道上皮细胞。     

用常规透射电镜观察半薄切片——铀—铅—铜浸染技术的应用

在常规透射电镜中,超薄切片的厚度一般不超过0.1微米,否则就看不清样品的细节。但是,使用特殊的标本本浸染方法,选择性地对某些细胞结构染色,就可以在一般透射电镜下观察半薄切片。本实验采用铀—铅—铜浸染技术,选择性地染色一部分细胞器,在75—100KV透射电镜下观察0.25—0.5微米的半薄切片。结果表明,这一技术在超微结构研究中有一定实用意义。实验方法:用2％戊二醛灌注大鼠,取肝、肾、十二指肠和睾丸等组织,切成1立方毫米小块。组织块经缓冲液漂洗后,在42℃下先放入5％醋酸铀水溶液(PH3.5)浸染1小时,再在硝酸铅—硫酸铜—枸椽酸钠溶液中浸染1小时,然后在4℃下用1％饿酸后固定12小时、常规环氧树脂包埋,最后将组织块切成0.25—0.5微米半薄切片,在透射电镜下观察。     

不同包埋剂对半薄切片甲苯胺蓝染色效果的影响

目的:探讨不同包埋剂对半薄切片甲苯胺蓝染色效果的影响。方法:切取大鼠的坐骨神经及肾脏组织,经戊二醛-锇酸双重固定,乙醇、丙酮梯度脱水后,分别用Epon812和Eponate12包埋聚合,利用超薄切片机制备厚度为1.5μm的半薄切片,切片经甲苯胺蓝染色,在光镜下观察半薄切片的染色效果。结果:Eponate12包埋的半薄切片经甲苯胺蓝染色后,颜色更鲜艳,微细结构更清晰,图像反差更好。结论:Eponate12包埋的半薄切片经甲苯胺蓝染色后更有利于在光镜下观察组织的微细结构。     

栉孔扇贝（Chlamys farreri）外套膜两种肌纤维的电镜观察

有材料指出栉孔扇贝外套膜 (以下简称套膜 )内有两组肌肉 :一是放射肌 ;二是环状肌。有关这两组肌肉的类型、微细结构等可供查阅的资料并不多见。作者在检查标本时 ,注意到栉孔扇贝套膜肌纤维有两种 :平滑肌与横纹肌。现整理如下。材料与方法取成体栉孔扇贝套膜组织 ,按常规电镜术固定、包埋 ,经半薄切片定位作超薄切片 ,经铀和铅双重染色 ,ＪＥＭ 12 0 0ＥＸ透射电镜观察。观察结果1　半薄切片光镜观察套膜厚约 1ｍｍ ,两面覆盖单层上皮。上皮下各有一薄层平滑肌 ,两层平滑肌之间为密集的大块肌组织。有的标本可清楚地看出为横纹肌纤维 ,有…     

日本脑炎病毒感染鼠脑神经元的超微结构研究

多种节肢动物传播的人类病毒性脑炎病毒能在鼠脑神经元内复制、增殖、并产生严重的细胞病变。本研究应用透射电镜观察日本脑炎病毒(JEV)感染小白鼠后,发病动物大脑海马回神经元的超微结构病变特征以及病毒在细胞内增殖的形态特点。7—8克小白鼠,脑内接种JEV(京卫研_1A_2株)病毒悬液,发病后经麻醉取大脑海马回部位脑组织,按常规固定、脱水、Epon812包埋、半薄切片经精确定位后制作超薄切片,Phiilps EM-400T电镜观察。     

豚鼠内耳螺旋器毛细胞的超微结构特征

内耳螺旋器毛细胞是接受不同声波振幅和频率的特殊细胞 ,尽管它的来源、衍发及细胞属性尚未获得统一认识[1,2 ] ,但其功能则尽人皆知。本研究拟从超微形态角度对该细胞进行深入探索。样品取自豚鼠内耳 ,断头处死动物取出耳蜗 ,沿骨蜗管外壁开几个小孔后 ,迅速投入 4 %戊二醛固定液 ,0 5ｈ后修整并轻取螺旋器 ,继续固定 ,常规脱水、包埋、半薄切片定位、超薄切片、透射电镜观察。电镜观察 :内毛细胞呈曲颈瓶状 ,胞体顶端游离面可见三排平行纵列的微绒毛 (静纤毛 ) ;外毛细胞呈圆柱状 ,微绒毛亦三行 ,但并列成“Ｖ”或“Ｗ”形[1,3 ] 。二者…     

改良游离细胞扫描电镜制样方法适用于凋亡细胞观察

利用常规游离细胞扫描电镜制样方法制备的凋亡细胞样品,镜下凋亡检出率较低,细胞容易脱落变形,不能满足观察要求。本文采用200μmol／L双氢青蒿素作用前列腺癌PC-3细胞48h,诱导细胞凋亡;通过改良的制样方法制样并观察凋亡细胞超微结构。结果显示,凋亡细胞和凋亡小体阳性率明显提高,细胞贴附紧密、分布均匀,凋亡细胞超微结构比透射电镜更直观形象。     

生物样品的冷冻超薄切片术

当生物材料在样品制备过程中需减少化学固定剂对样品中蛋白活性的影响或减少可溶性元素流失时,可采用快速冷冻固定法和冷冻超薄切片。切片在含水状态下或经冷冻干燥后,用电镜观察,这样既能显示生物细胞在体内的形态,又使细胞内各种活性得以保存,是一种值得推广的电镜技术。我们采用新鲜活组织快速冷冻固定和冷冻超薄切片,经冷冻干燥后在透射电镜下对亚细胞结构进行形态观察和微小区域内的元素定性、定量分析,本文总结了初步结果和经验。     

Fabry病肾脏的超微病理研究

结合临床资料对4例Fabry病进行光镜、电镜观察与分析,探讨Fabry病肾脏的超微病理变化及电镜在其早期诊断中的作用。光镜观察显示肾小球有轻微或呈不同程度局灶节段硬化,在肾小球脏层细胞和肾小管上皮细胞胞质内可观察到数量不等的圆形空泡。这些空泡在半薄切片甲苯胺蓝染色后呈清晰的蓝染颗粒。电镜下可观察到一种特征性的嗜锇“斑马小体”或洋葱皮样小体。小体主要位于肾小球脏层细胞,也可出现在系膜细胞、肾小管上皮细胞、肾问质细胞以及血管内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞胞质内。早期病例只在部分肾小球脏层上皮细胞胞质内观察到嗜锇“斑马小体”。超微病理变化可反应疾病病变程度,特别是可为临床早期诊断提供重要的形态学依据。半薄切片甲苯胺蓝染色在Fabry病诊断中有一定价值。     

双氢青蒿素诱导前列腺癌PC-3细胞凋亡的形态学研究

目的：研究双氢青蒿素（DHA）诱导前列腺癌PC-3细胞凋亡作用,并观察其形态学变化。方法：以前列腺癌PC-3细胞为研究对象,在体外经不同浓度的DHA处理48小时后,扫描电镜（SEM）观察细胞凋亡;并建立PC-3细胞裸鼠种植瘤模型,20只模型鼠随机分为对照组、溶剂组、DHA大剂量组及DHA小剂量组,经13天干预后,透射电镜（TEM）观察肿瘤组织形态学变化,体视学分析肿瘤微血管密度（MVD）。结果：PC-3细胞经DHA处理后,SEM观察到典型的凋亡细胞;裸鼠种植瘤经治疗后,TEM观察肿瘤组织中散在凋亡细胞及凋亡小体,且DHA大小剂量组MVD均低于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：DHA具有较强的抗肿瘤作用,其作用机制可能与诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡有关。     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks     

Call for Papers—Feature Topic,Vol.12,No.7,2015

正Information Centric Networking Information-Centric Networking(ICN) is an emerging direction in Future Internet architecture research,gaining significant tractions among academia and industry.Aiming to replace the conventional host-to-host communication model by a data-centric model,ICN treats data content as the first     

JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS(CHINA)

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NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS NETWORKS–ESPECIALLY THE USE OF MILLI-MICROWAVE BANDS

The global bandwidth shortage of wireless communications has motivated the exploration of the naillimeter wave （ram-wave） frequency spectrum for the next generation wireless communications. Recent advances in RF CMOS technology and high speed baseband signal processing technologies have enabled tile extensive research and development of turn-wave wireless communications. The multi gigabit per second data rate of ram-wave system will lead to applications in many important scenarios, such as WPAN, WLAN,back-haul for cellular system. And the frequency bands include 28 GHz, 38 GHz, 45GHz, 60GHz, E-BAND and even beyond 100 GHz. The propagation and the imitation of the RF circuits design in these frequency bands make the directional antennas be inevitable for mm-wave communications.