CPLD／FPGA的发展与应用之比较

可编程逻辑器件（Programmable Logic Device，PLD）是一种可由用户对其进行编程的大规模通用集成电路。从PLD的发展历程着眼，主要对PLD的2个发展分支——复杂可编程逻辑器件和现场可编程门阵列的基本结构、功能优势和应用场合进行了较详尽的分析和比较；并从结构和定义上指出二者的区别，同时根据不同技术要求和设计环境指出了相应的CPLD和FPGA的选择方法，最后给出了PLD最新研究热点和未来的发展趋势。     

可编程逻辑器件在DVCPRO设备中的应用

本文阐述了可编程逻辑器件的应用优势,分析了CPLD/FPGA在松下DVCPRO设备中的应用和芯片配置情况,介绍了利用工具发挥设备软件功能的方法。     

一种在线可编程逻辑器件

描述ALTERA公司MAX9000系列在线可编程逻辑器件,并给出应用实例。这种器件是数字电路集成的有效手段。     

用于反熔丝FPGA的内建测试电路北大核心CSCD

由于反熔丝器件的一次可编程特性,反熔丝现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)在生产阶段很难完成对电路的功能测试验证。针对反熔丝FPGA典型的结构及其内部可编程逻辑模块(PLM)结构,分析了在编程前对PLM进行全功能测试的方法。设计了内建测试电路结构,用于内部PLM逻辑功能的测试。给出了内建测试电路的寻址寄存器、赋值寄存器以及检测电路的结构设计,电路在1.0μm双层多晶双层金属(2P2M)氧化层-氮化物-氧化层(ONO)反熔丝工艺上成功流片。测试结果表明,电路设计正确,解决了在芯片编程前完成基于反熔丝的一次可编程FPGA的内部PLM逻辑功能测试的难题,为后期研究反熔丝电路奠定了基础。     

FPGA器件设计技术发展综述

现场可编程门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array,FPGA)作为一种可编程逻辑器件,在短短二十多年里从电子设计的外围器件逐渐演变为数字系统的核心,在计算机硬件、通信、航空航天和汽车电子等诸多领域有着广泛的应用。伴随着半导体工艺技术的进步,FPGA器件的设计技术取得了飞跃性突破。该文在回顾FPGA发展历史的同时,对目前主流FPGA器件的前沿技术进行总结,并对新一代FPGA的发展前景进行展望。     

基于FPGA的PL3接口协议的一种设计与实现

介绍了在FPGA器件上实现Pos-phy level3接口协议的工作原理、设计思想和模块结构，并详细探讨了接收方向上单通道PL3接口的控制单元的实现，该实现方法有利于正确扩展多通道的实现．     

基于CORDIC算法的数字滤波器设计

FIR和IIR数字滤波器广泛应用于各种数字信号处理系统。从坐标旋转公式出发，阐述了CORDIC算法的原理．同时在FPGA上实现了该算法的设计，并且基于CORDIC算法建立了FIR和IIR数字滤波器的电路模型，使之能在同一电路上通过开关控制集成实现。     

FPGA中的I/O时序优化设计

在数字系统的同步接口设计中，可编程逻辑器件的输入输出往往需要和周围新片对接，些时I/O接口的时序问题显得尤为重要。介绍了几种FPGA中的I／O时序优化设计的方案，切实有效的解决了I／O接口中的时序同步问题。     

GPS接收机相关器的电路设计

阐述了GPS相关器的工作原理并用Verilog硬件描述语言实现的GPS数字相关器的全部设计,它由控制接口模块和相关通道组成,并在Modelsim6．0下后仿真通过。该电路用Altera的FPGA实现,工作正常,性能可靠,完全可以达到GPS接收机的工作要求,并可以采用VLSI实现。     

在系统可编程模拟器件的应用与发展

简述在系统可编程模拟器件的基本原理与实现技术,介绍在系统可编程模拟器件的主要应用并对其优缺点进行评价,最后指出现在存在的主要问题并展望其未来的发展方向。     

聚对苯撑苯并双(口恶)唑发光及其器件制备

采用光谱技术,研究了聚对苯撑苯并双(口恶)唑(PBO)溶液的光敏发光特性,并用相对法估算出溶液发光效率在50%范围.结合光谱技术、半导体电学和电化学等研究手段,具体研究了以PBO为发光层的单层电致发光器件,研究结果显示,电致发光与薄膜的光致发光有具有相同的发光中心,峰值位于510 nm左右.同时发现,由于存制备过程中不同处理条件使得不同厚度薄膜残留的掺杂物质浓度不同,从而引起薄膜的导电性的不同.使得器件的阈值场强随PBO厚度的减小而逐渐增加.     

系统级封装新型埋入式电源滤波结构的研究

在高密度小尺寸的系统级封装(SiP)中,对供电系统的完整性要求越来越高,多芯片共用一个电源网路所产生的电压抖动除了会影响到芯片的正常工作,还会通过供电网路干扰到临近电路和其他敏感电路,导致芯片误动作,以及信号完整性和其他电磁干扰问题.这种电压抖动所占频带相当宽,几百MHz到几个GHz的中频电源噪声普通方法很难去除.结合埋入式电容和电源分割方法的特点,提出一种新型高性能埋入式电源低通滤波结构直接替代电源/地平面.研究表明,在0.65～4GHz的频带内隔离深度可达-40～75 dB,电源阻抗均在0.25ohm以下,实现了宽频高隔离度的高性能滤波作用.分别用电磁场和广义传输线两种仿真器模拟,高频等效电路模型分析这种低通滤波器的工作原理以及结构对隔离性能的影响,并进行了实验验证.     

Emerging interconnects: a state-of-the-art review and emerging solutions

Aluminium was a primary material for interconnection in integrated circuits (ICs) since their inception. Later, copper was introduced as interconnect material which has better metallic conductivity and resistance to electromigration. As the aggressive technology scaling continues, the copper resistivity increased because of size effects, which causes increase in delay, power dissipation and electromigration. The need to reduce the resistor-capacitor??????? delay, dynamic power utilisation and the crosstalk commotion is as of now the fundamental main impetus behind the presentation of new materials. The purpose of this paper is to do a survey of interconnect material used in IC from introduction of ICs to till date. This paper studies and reviews new materials available for interconnect application which are optical interconnects, carbon nanotube (CNT), graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) and silicon nanowires which are alternatives to copper. While doing a survey of interconnect material, it is found that multiwalled CNTs, multilayer GNR and mixed CNT bundles are promising candidates and are ultimate choice that can strongly address the problems faced by copper but on integration basis copper would last for coming years.     

Arsenic deposition as a precursor layer on silicon (211) and (311) surfaces

We investigate the properties of arsenic (As) covered Si(211) and Si(311) surfaces by analyzing data from x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) images. We then create a model using total surface energy calculations. It was found that both Si(211) and Si(311) had 0.68±0.08 surface As coverage. Si(211) had 0.28±0.04 Te coverage and Si(311) had 0.24±0.04 Te coverage. The Si(211) surface replaces the terrace and trench Si atoms with As for a lower surface energy, while the Si edge atoms form dimers. The Si(311) surface replaces all terrace atoms and adsorbs an As dimer every other edge site. These configurations imply an improvement in the mean migration path from the bare silicon surface by allowing the impinging atoms for the next epitaxial layer, tellurium (Te), to bind at every other pair of edge atoms, and not the step terrace sites. This would ensure a nonpolar, B-face growth.     

光子晶体微腔发光二极管

光子晶体微腔因其具有增强自发辐射、定向输出和单模工作的能力而受到广泛关注。介绍了光子晶体微腔发光二极管的基本原理、设计、特性、制作及其典型器件。     

Comparative study of maximum power point tracking techniques for hybrid renewable energy system

The power generation demand is increasing day-by-day throughout the world, therefore, the use of hybrid systems becomes a significant solution. The hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) is used for delivering power in various regions in order to overcome intermittence of wind and solar resources. Because of increasing environmental problems, for example, greenhouse gas emission and energy cost have interested novel research into substitute methods in favour of electrical power generation. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control method is a vast deal of novel research used for enhancing the efficiency of HRES. The authors have revealed that the hybrid techniques i.e. Global MPPT, fuzzy-neuro systems, Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), Perturbed and Observe (P&O) + Adaptive Neural Network (ANN) etc. can provide best results as compared to other MPPT control methods. This paper offering a state of art review of MPPT control techniques for HRES.     

Joint estimation of TOA and DOA in IR-UWB system using a successive propagator method

Impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) ranging and positioning require accurate estimation of time-of-arrival (TOA) and direction-of-arrival (DOA). With receiver of two antennas, both of the TOA and DOA parameters can be estimated via two-dimensional (2D) propagator method (PM), in which the 2D spectral peak searching, however, renders much higher computational complexity. This paper proposes a successive PM algorithm for joint TOA and DOA estimation in IR-UWB system to avoid 2D spectral peak searching. The proposed algorithm firstly gets the initial TOA estimates in the two antennas from the propagation matrix, then utilises successively one-dimensional (1D) local searches to achieve the estimation of TOAs in the two antennas, and finally obtains the DOA estimates via the difference in the TOAs between the two antennas. The proposed algorithm, which only requires 1D local searches, can avoid the high computational cost in 2D-PM algorithm. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm can obtain automatically paired parameters and has better joint TOA and DOA estimation performance than conventional PM algorithm, estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques algorithm and matrix pencil algorithm. Meanwhile, it has very close parameter estimation to that of 2D-PM algorithm. We have also derived the mean square error of TOA and DOA estimation of the proposed algorithm and the Cramer-Rao bound of TOA and DOA estimation in this paper. The simulation results verify the usefulness of the proposed algorithm.     

超宽带脉冲信号的光学生成方法研究

近年来超宽带(UWB)通信技术迅猛发展,在测量、雷达技术、民用和军事无线通信中有着重要的应用,UWB-over-fiber技术已经成为目前研究的热点,其中就包括UWB脉冲信号的产生方法。区别于传统的电子学方法,光子学产生方法不受电子瓶颈制约,可以实现很高的带宽,并且具有抗电磁干扰、重量轻、结构紧凑的优点。通过对比国内外本领域研究成果,讨论及总结了以下三种原理的UWB脉冲信号的光学生成方法:1)相位调制-强度调制转换(PM-IM);2)半导体光放大器(SOA)的非线性效应;3)频谱塑形和色散所致频域-时域映射,然后对各种方案进行了对比分析。     

Photonic generation of ultrawideband signals using a delay interferometer

We demonstrate a novel scheme to generate ultrawideband (UWB) monocycle and doublet pulses byinputting a dark return-to-zero (RZ) signal into a delay interferometer (DI), which accords with the general features in future applied UWB system, namely, single optical source input, simple configuration and passive device. The two polarized interferential beams have a time delay and a phase difference when they propagate through the DI. By adjusting polarization controllers (PCs), the total phase difference, i.e., the sum of the relative opticalphase difference between two orthogonally polarized components caused by PCs and the optical-phase shift due to birefringence of the polarization-maintaining fiber (PMF), the orientation angle of the polarization beamsplitter (PBS) relative to the two axes of the PMF are able to be changed and controlled. When the appropriate conditions are met, UWB monocycle and doublet pulses are generated conveniently.     

多孔硅发光机制的分析

从量子力学的基本理论出发讨论了量子限制效应，推导出多孔硅有效禁带宽度增量并用量子限制效应和表面态及其物质在发光中作用的理论解释了ＰＳ光致发光的实验现象。