浙江省农业环境区划初探

当前,无论是自然资源的开发利用或是农业种植业及乡镇企业的发展,都存在着一个环境区划与治理问题,而环境区划与治理对于发展浙江省农业经济和加强浙江省的农业环境保护工作有着至关重要的现实意义。笔者从浙江省的自然资源、社会经济技术诸方面对浙江省农业环境区划作一肤浅论述,以引起有关专家、学者和领导的关注。     

浙江省地方环境标准制定思考

地方环境标准是对国家环境标准的补充和完善。为加大污染控制力度,适应新形势下环境管理和执法要求,有效改善和保护环境质量,针对浙江省主要环境问题和现行国家环境标准的不足,结合产业发展方向和环境保护目标,制定浙江省地方环境标准十分必要。主要从浓度控制与排放总量控制相结合、敏感或特殊有毒有害污染物控制、行业污染控制和相关环境质量等方面提出了地方环境标准的制定思路。     

浙江省环保产业现状和发展对策

环保产业为切实控制环境污染，改善生态环境，促进可持续发展提供技术保障和物质基础。“九五”后两年和下世纪初期，是我国经济和社会发展承前启后、继往开来的关键时期，环境保护事业面临着更高的要求和挑战，同时也给环保产业发展带来新的机遇和动力。本文就浙江省环保产业现状与存在问题、发展浙江省环保产业政策与措施提出一些看法。1环保产业发展基本情况1．1浙江省环保产业发展概况浙江省环保产业经过20多年的发展，已初具规模，整体水平仅次于江苏省，位居全国第二。1997年全省环保产业从业单位共有1097家，固定资产55亿元，从业人…     

浙江省进口废物环境管理现状及对策研究

随着经济社会的快速发展、资源及原材料需求量的不断增加,可用于再生利用的废物进口量近年来大幅度增长,浙江省作为进出口条件相对便利的沿海省份,上述废弃物资的加工利用已逐步形成相当规模的产业市场,但随之带来的环境污染和各类"洋垃圾"事件也成为社会各界和媒体追逐的热点问题.详述了目前浙江省限制类进口废物环境管理的现状情况,根据存在的主要问题,提出了相应的对策建议,为浙江省进口废物环境监管提供指导依据,同时也对全国进口废物管理政策的制定提供技术支撑.     

环境审计的现状与对策

随着环境保护形势日趋严峻.环境保护问题越来越受到中国党和政府以及广大人民群众的重视和关注.系统分析了当前环境审计的现状以及环境审计工作中存在的问题,并结合实际情况,针对存在问题提出了中国实施环境审计的对策建议.建议包括加强审计立法和环境审计的人力资源建设、积极开展环境审计理论研究和环境审计实践等.     

浙江省企业环境信息披露的现状与完善对策

企业经济活动是导致环境污染的最重要原因之一,随着公众环境保护意识的增强,企业环境信息披露的重要性也日益显现。对浙江省重污染行业上市公司环境信息披露情况进行了调查研究,分析了浙江省企业环境信息披露的现状和存在的问题及原因,从建立健全法律法规、加强技术保障、完善监管体系、引入市场机制、加强宣传培训等5个方面提出了完善企业环境信息披露的对策。     

关于推进浙江省规划环境影响评价的思考

推进规划环境影响评价,既是贯彻落实<中华人民共和国环境影响评价法>、促进生态文明建设的需要.也是环境保护行政主管部门加强污染源头控制、参与宏观决策的有效途径.在对江苏、云南、重庆等地进行实地调研的基础上,分析了中国当前规划环境影响评价工作所面临的形势,重点研究了浙江省在推进规划环境影响评价工作中需要重点关注的问题,并提出了浙江省推进规划环境影响评价的相关建议.     

“鉴湖环境容量及水质规划”研究通过鉴定

为保护浙江绍兴鉴湖水域水质,由浙江省科委立项研究的《鉴湖环境容量及水质规划》课题,经三年多的工作,业已由绍兴市环境保护科学研究所等四单位研究完成。并于1992年6月25日在绍兴由省环保局主持通过了鉴定。该项目在分析了水域自然环境特征及当前存在的主要环境问题基础上,进行了鉴湖水质现状、污染源调查及发展趋势预测,水域水量及污染物平衡计算。运用入湖污染物与水质关系的数学模型对该水域主要     

城市环境保护满意度及案例分析

公众对城市"创建环境保护模范城市"活动的过程与结果是否认可与满意,是"创建环境保护模范城市"的最终衡量标准.针对现行环境保护满意率调查问卷存在问题.根据"创建环境保护模范城市"的目标,重新设计了调查新问卷.调查指标包括城市环境质量、政府环境保护工作等方面,采用随机抽样方法,抽取样本1 610份.结果表明,城市环境保护满意度可以作为城市环境状况和政府环境保护工作绩效的一种评估方法;满意度对人们可感知的环境质量评估效果较好;不同群体满意度间差异较大,应制定有针对性的环境保护政策,提高政策效率;城市环境保护满意度评估是对以环境质量监测数据为主的城市环境质量评估的必要补充.     

煤矸石资源高值化利用研究进展

当前我国煤矸石存量和排放量大、产量高度集中、高附加值利用占比小,环境影响突出,是大宗固体废弃物综合利用的核心领域,资源化利用前景广阔。现有对煤矸石的处置能力和规模明显不能满足国家对生态环境保护及“双碳”目标下煤炭综合利用的相关要求。通过介绍煤矸石的物理、化学性质,指出了煤矸石在高值化利用中存在的涉及政策、供求、产业化和环境的问题。着重阐述了煤矸石在建筑材料、地质聚合物、化工产品、新型材料、土地复垦等方面的高值化利用现状,并对其未来的应用前景进行了讨论,提出了煤矸石高值化利用的重点研究方向。以期能够实现煤矸石的高质、高值、高效、绿色发展,不断增加煤矸石综合利用产品的附加值,增强煤矸石高值化利用产业核心竞争力。进一步推进煤矸石资源高值化利用效率,对环境质量的改善、经济社会发展的全面绿色转型具有重要意义。     

Sorption and desorption of Cu and Cd by macroalgae and microalgae

The sorption and desorption of Cu and Cd by two species of brown macroalgae and five species of microalgae were studied. The two brown macroalgae, Laminaria japonica and Sargassum kjellmanianum, were found to have high capacities at pHs between 4.0 and 5.0 while for microalgae, optimum pH lay at 6.7. The presence of other cations in solution was found to reduce the sorption of the target cation, suggesting a competition for sorption sites on organisms. Sorption isotherms obeyed the Freundlich equation, suggesting involvement of a multiplicity of mechanisms and sorption sites. For the microalgae tested, Spirulina platensis had the highest capacity for Cd, followed by Nannochloropsis oculata, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Platymonas cordifolia and Chaetoceros minutissimus. The reversibility of metal sorption by macroalgae was examined and the results show that both HCl and EDTA solutions were very effective in desorbing sorbed metal ions from macroalgae, with up to 99.5% of metals being recovered. The regenerated biomass showed undiminished sorption performance for the two metals studied, suggesting the potential of such material for use in water and wastewater treatment.     

Kinetic and structural relationships of transition monomeric and oligomeric carboxyl- and choline-esterases

The kinetic and structural relationships of eight electrophoretically pure mammalian serum and liver serine carboxylesterases (CE) and cholinesterases (ChE) have been studied. Eight CE's and ChE's, which were fully resolved but only partially purified, provided additional information. Five of the electrophoretically pure esterases were monomeric, and of these, four belonged to a new and widely distributed class. These four monomeric esterases hydrolyzed choline esters, but at widely differing rates. Thus two were termed monomeric butyrylcholinesterases, mBuChE I and II, and two were monomeric CE's (mCE). The rabbit liver mCE was not a subunit of the oligomeric CE (oCE), although the oCE also hydrolyzed choline esters at a very low rate. The complex kinetics of the mCE's, mBuChE's, oCE's, and of the oligomeric BuChE's of horse and human serum could be interpreted according to a single reaction scheme involving an allosteric site and the equation derived from it. Thus activation and inhibition at high substrate concentrations, together with sigmoidal activity versus substrate concentration plots, all of which characterize the reactions of these esterases, could be interpreted by a single scheme and equation. Structural and kinetic comparisons showed a progressive transition of properties from the oCE's through the mCE's to the oBuChE's. One of the purified mCE's was from horse serum, and it exhibited physical and kinetic properties unlike those of the liver mCE's or oCE's.     

Persistence and dissipation kinetics of trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole in onion and soil

The persistence and dissipation kinetics of trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole on onion were studied after application of their combination formulation at a standard and double dose of 75 + 150 and 150 + 300 g a.i. ha^?1. The fungicides were extracted with acetone, cleaned-up using activated charcoal (trifloxystrobin) and neutral alumina (tebuconazole). Analysis was carried out by gas chromatograph (GC) and confirmed by gas chromatograph mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The recovery was above 80% and limit of quantification (LOQ) 0.05 mg kg^?1 for both fungicides. Initial residue deposits of trifloxystrobin were 0.68 and 1.01 mg kg^?1 and tebuconazole 0.673 and 1.95 mg kg^?1 from standard and double dose treatments, respectively. Dissipation of the fungicides followed first-order kinetics and the half life of degradation was 6–6.6 days. Matured onion bulb (and field soil) harvested after 30 days was free from fungicide residues. These findings suggest recommended safe pre-harvest interval (PHI) of 14 and 25 days for spring onion consumption after treatment of Nativo 75 WG at the standard and double doses, respectively. Matured onion bulbs at harvest were free from fungicide residues.     

Bacterial and archaeal diversity in oil fields and reservoirs and their potential role in hydrocarbon recovery and bioprospecting

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Hydrocarbon is a primary source of energy in the current urbanized society. Considering the increasing demand, worldwide oil productions are declining...     

Sorption and desorption behavior of chloroanilines and chlorophenols on montmorillonite and kaolinite

The bioavailability of pollutants, pesticides and/or their degradation products in soil depends on the strength of their sorption by the different soil components, particularly by the clay minerals. This study reports the sorption-desorption behavior of the environmentally hazardous industrial pollutants and certain pesticides degradation products, 3-chloroaniline, 3,4-dichloroaniline, 2,4,6-trichloroaniline, 4-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol on the reference clays kaolinite KGa-1 and Na-montmorillonite SWy-l. In batch studies, 2.0 g of clay were equilibrated with 100.0 mL solutions of each chemical at concentrations ranging from 10.0 to 200.0 mg/L. The uptake of the compounds was deduced from the results of HPLC-UV-Vis analysis. The lipophilic species were best retained by both clay materials. The most lipophilic chemical used in the study, 2,4,6-trichloroaniline, was also the most strongly retained, with sorption of up to 8 mg/g. In desorption experiments, which also relied on HPLC-UV-Vis technique, 2,4,6-trichloroaniline was the least desorbed from montmorillonite. However, on kaolinite all of the compounds under study were irreversibly retained. The experimental data have been modelled according to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. A hypothesis is proposed concerning the sorption mechanism and potential applications of the findings in remediation strategies have been suggested.     

Sorption and Desorption Behavior of Chloroanilines and Chlorophenols on Montmorillonite and Kaolinite

The bioavailability of pollutants, pesticides and/or their degradation products in soil depends on the strength of their sorption by the different soil components, particularly by the clay minerals. This study reports the sorption-desorption behavior of the environmentally hazardous industrial pollutants and certain pesticides degradation products, 3-chloroaniline, 3,4-dichloroaniline, 2,4,6-trichloroaniline, 4-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol on the reference clays kaolinite KGa-1 and Na-montmorillonite SWy-l. In batch studies, 2.0 g of clay were equilibrated with 100.0 mL solutions of each chemical at concentrations ranging from 10.0 to 200.0 mg/L. The uptake of the compounds was deduced from the results of HPLC-UV-Vis analysis. The lipophilic species were best retained by both clay materials. The most lipophilic chemical used in the study, 2,4,6-trichloroaniline, was also the most strongly retained, with sorption of up to 8 mg/g. In desorption experiments, which also relied on HPLC-UV-Vis technique, 2,4,6-trichloroaniline was the least desorbed from montmorillonite. However, on kaolinite all of the compounds under study were irreversibly retained. The experimental data have been modelled according to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. A hypothesis is proposed concerning the sorption mechanism and potential applications of the findings in remediation strategies have been suggested.     

畜禽养殖业污染与循环经济

解决畜禽养殖业的污染问题要以充分利用资源为根本出发点，通过对污染全过程控制及废物综合利用，达到畜禽粪便的减量化、无害化、资源化，走循环经济的发展道路。     

Isocyanatocyclohexane and isothiocyanatocyclohexane levels in urban and industrial areas and possible emission-related activities

Isocyanatocyclohexane and isothiocyanatocyclohexane are becoming relevant compounds in urban and industrial air, as they are used in important amounts in automobile industry and building insulation, as well as in the manufacture of foams, rubber, paints and varnishes. Glass multi-sorbent tubes (Carbotrap, Carbopack, Carboxen) were connected to LCMA-UPC pump samplers for the retention of iso- and isothiocyanatocyclohexanes. The analysis was performed by automatic thermal desorption (ATD) coupled with capillary gas chromatography (GC)/mass spectrometry detector (MSD). TD-GC/MS was chosen as analytical method due to its versatility and the possibility of analysis of a wide range of volatility and polarity VOC in air samples. The method was satisfactory sensitive, selective and reproducible for the studied compounds. The concentrations of iso- and isothioisocyanatocyclohexanes were evaluated in different urban, residential and industrial locations from extensive VOC air quality and odour episode studies in several cities in the Northeastern edge of Spain. Around 200–300 VOC were determined qualitatively in each sample. Higher values of iso- and isothiocyanatocyclohexane were found in industrial areas than in urban or residential locations. The concentrations ranged between n.d.−246 and n.d.−29 μg m⁻³ for isocyanatocyclohexane and isothiocyanatocyclohexane, respectively, for industrial areas. On the other hand, urban and residential locations showed concentrations ranging between n.d.−164 and n.d.−29 μg m⁻³ for isocyanatocyclohexane and isothiocyanatocyclohexane, respectively. The site location (urban or industrial), the kind and nearness of possible iso- and isothiocyanatocyclohexane emission activities (industrial or building construction) and the changes of wind regimes throughout the year have been found the most important factors influencing the concentrations of these compounds in the different places.     

Synthesis and characterization of m- and p-methylbenzyl-mercapturic acids derived from m- and p-xylenes

Chemical synthesis and physical properties of two mercapturic acids suggested as urinary metabolites of m- and p-xylenes ace described. These compounds may be used for the identification and quantivative determination by high-performance liquid chromatography of the corresponding mercapturic acids in urine.