住院老年患者跌倒的危险因素与护理

目的 本文就老年住院患者跌倒的危险因素与护理作一总结.方法 通过分析跌倒的相关危险因素而得出相应的应对措施.结果 及结论跌倒的护理重在预防.正确评估老年人身体状况,采取有效的措施,创造适合老年人特点的生活环境,做好老年人健康、保健知识宣传,对于防止老年人跌倒,提高老年人生活质量有重要意义.     

眼科老年患者跌倒的预防及护理

老年人跌倒已成为诱发其死亡的重要因素之一,对老年人健康生活造成严重危害。而导致老年人跌倒的原因主要有两个方面,自身因素和环境因素。因此预防老年人跌倒就必须从这两个主要因素着手。做到确立高危人群,加强预见性措施,加强护理风险管理,切实有效地进行健康教育,创造有利于老年患者的安全环境。对于医院而言要将安全护理纳入病房管理。做好有效全面的预防措施,才能较好地防止老年人跌倒,保障老年人的生命健康。     

老年人跌倒的原因分析及预防

目的 探讨预防老年跌倒护理管理的方法和路径,保证患者安全.方法 成立课题小组,确立管理理念,专项理论培训,建立管理流程.结果 研制了老年跌倒评估量表,为老年人跌倒风险的预测提供了测量工具,为预防老年人跌倒的干预措施提供了依据,组织举办了跨地区医院的"预防老年跌倒的研讨会",并作预防老年跌倒的护理管理专题报告6场.结论 课题小组能为临床护士提供预防跌倒护理新的理念和方法,从而提升护理品质.     

平衡干预对加强老年人关节控制及预防跌倒效果的护理研究

目的 探讨康复训练及护理干预对改善老年人平衡功能及预防跌倒的临床效果。方法 2015年1月~2016年12月在我院康复医学科就诊的存在跌倒经历或跌倒倾向的老年患者60例,根据患者入院治疗时间顺序随机分为试验组及对照组,每组30例。对照组采用常规护理干预方案,试验组在对照组基础上采用平衡护理干预。实验前后使用Tecnobody PK254平衡仪比较两组患者下肢关节控制能力,以及对比跌倒情况。结果 两组患者经过6周护理后,左、右足平均轨迹值、运动长度比率及运动椭圆面积比率较护理前下降,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;试验组患者数值下降幅度高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;试验组在护理及随访期间患者跌倒率3.33%低于对照组30.00%,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 平衡干预可有效加强老年人关节控制能力并降低跌倒发生率,对提高老年人生活质量水平有重要意义。     

浅谈老年患者防跌倒护理对策

跌倒是指无论可否避免,在平地行走或从稍高处摔倒在地并造成伤害。据调查,65岁以上的老年人有1/3每年跌倒一次,并且摔倒的发生率有随着随年龄增长而增加的趋势。意外事故是老年人死亡的最常见原因,而跌倒被认为是最常见的意外事故[1]。护理人员了解掌握老年患者在院时的易跌倒因素,采取相应的预防跌倒护理措施,有效减少老年人在院期间跌倒不良事件的发生,提高住院期间的安全性,同时提高护理安全质量管理。     

脑梗死患者并发骨质疏松的相关危险因素及预防对策

目的：探讨脑梗死患者并发骨质疏松的相关危险因素及预防对策。方法从本院2012年6月~2014年6月收治的脑梗死患者中随机选择166例进行研究。结果女性脑梗死患者的骨质疏松发生率显著高于男性患者,差异有统计学意义(<0.05)。骨质疏松相关危险因素有脑梗死病程、病情程度、高龄、女性、低体重指数、高血压病、抽烟。结论脑梗死患者并发骨质疏松的相关危险因素有脑梗死病程、病情程度、高龄、女性、低体重指数、高血压病、吸烟,临床要注意积极的予以针对性预防。     

浅析神经内科患者跌倒相关因素分析及对策

目的：探讨神经内科患者跌倒的相关因素,找到有效的应对策略。方法选取我院2013年1月~12月接收的200例患者进行分析,认识其中引起患者跌倒的相关因素。结果200例患者中有63例曾发生过意外跌倒,引起意外跌倒与患者的性别、年龄、原发性疾病及其严重程度、患者及其家人对跌倒的认识了解度,患者护理人员的防范意识与护理水平等密切相关。结论通过加强对患者及护理人员的指导、教育,选择科学的评估方法,教会他们防跌倒的方法与技巧能够有效的降低神经内科患者意外跌倒的发生率,对防止跌倒具有积极作用。     

致老年人创伤的危险因素及护理对策

老年人常因行动迟缓、反应速度慢在参与社会活动时易发生各种创伤,其发生率呈增高趋势。据统计,每年有10％～15％的创伤病人属于老年人,创伤原因以跌伤、坠落伤为多,其中交通事故较多,其高发原因可能与道路交通状况和司机行人安全意识较差有关。因此,本文就我科收治的215例老年创伤患者导致老年人创伤的危险因素及护理对策进行分析,达到降低老年人创伤发生率和提高治愈率的目的。     

浅谈普外科手术切口感染危险因素及预防

目的：对普外科手术患者术后切口感染的危险因素与预防进行分析。方法探究我院普外科116例手术患者的临床治疗情况。结果调查研究发现切口感染的危险因素主要有术前住院时间长短、岁数、切口长度、以及手术种类等。结论为预防患者切口感染,需针对以上危险因素采取适合地对策,以利于患者的健康。     

老年高血压病的主要危险因素及对策

心血管疾病是老年人的主要死亡原因之一。高血压病是最常见的心血管疾病 ,可引起严重的心、脑、肾等并发症 ,是脑卒中、冠心病的主要危险因素之一 ,其患病率高 ,且呈逐渐上升趋势。我国高血压病患病率北方高于南方 ,东部地区高于西部地区 ,且随年龄而上升 ,40岁以后上升幅度较大。导致高血压病的危险因素很多 ,主要有精神因素、膳食因素以及肥胖因素等 ,而这些都是由于患者平时自我保健意识淡薄 ,对高血压病的预防与保健知识较为缺乏所引起的。因此 ,为使高血压病患病率得到有效控制 ,减轻社会及家庭负担 ,提高高血压病患者的生命质量 ,对患…     

Occupational asthma: risk factors,diagnosis and preventive measures

In adulthood, new or recurrent asthma is caused by work in approximately 10% of cases. The term occupational asthma is reserved for those cases arising from respiratory hypersensitivity to a specific workplace agent; in others (work-exacerbated asthma) the mechanism is of nonspecific airway irritation on a background of bronchial hyper-reactivity. Some 300 workplace agents are capable of inducing asthma de novo; fortunately, most cases are attributed to a much smaller number to which exposure occurs in a few high-risk occupations. Exposure level is the most important remediable risk factor; the factors governing individual susceptibility are poorly understood. Diagnosis is generally straightforward. Management is rarely pharmacologic and often difficult since the diagnosis incurs important employment and other social consequences.     

新生儿颅内出血危险因素及预防措施研究

目的探讨新生儿颅内出血的类型及其可能的危险因素,研究预防措施。方法选择2004-2009年住院的180例颅内出血新生儿为病例组,同期住院的200例非颅内出血新生儿为对照组进行病例对照研究。单因素分析用卡方检验,多因素分析用多元Logistic回归分析。结果病例组中出血部位发生率由高到低依次为脑室周围-脑室内出血、蛛网膜下腔出血、脑实质出血、硬膜下出血、小脑出血。产程延长、产钳、低出生体重儿、过期产、巨大儿、母亲感染发热、母亲产前出血、脐带绕颈、胎儿宫内窘迫、胎盘老化、胎头吸引、胎位异常、臀位牵引、新生儿呼吸困难、新生儿低血糖、新生儿酸碱失衡、新生儿出血病、新生儿休克、新生儿血小板减少、新生儿窒息、早产儿均是新生儿颅内出血的相关危险因素。结论减少早产,提高产科质量,控制感染,预防出血,维持内环境稳定,可降低新生儿颅内出血的发生率。     

老年人运动功能调查分析

每年一次的健康体检为老年人的健康保健起到了很大的作用,但一直以来对其运动功能的改变及其相关因素并未进行动态观察.我们于20C16年5月至10月对某部队干休所老干部进行了神经系统健康状况调查,并于2007年1～6月选择部分普通人群老年人设对照组进行调查,分析了军队老年人运动功能的变化状况及其影响因素.现报告如下.     

Engaging families in longitudinal preventive intervention research: discrete-time survival analysis of socioeconomic and social-emotional risk factors

This study examined whether family risk factors predicted attrition in a prevention research project that incorporated procedures to increase retention in assessment and intervention activities. Analyses used data from 667 rural families collected over 4 waves and consisted of (a) young adolescent and parent reports of internalizing and externalizing problems, (b) observer ratings of distress in parent-child interactions, and (c) family socioeconomic status (SES). Analyses failed to identify any risk factors as significant predictors of intervention participation. Only SES was found to be significant as a predictor of assessment attrition. This SES result appeared to reflect an association between lower educational attainment and an increased likelihood of attrition.     

胎儿畸形198例临床分析和预防措施

目的了解胎儿畸形的发生率、发生系统及缺陷分布情况,探讨引起胎儿畸形的相关因素,为临床预防和治疗提供依据。方法我院2006年1月至2009年12月产前检查确诊胎儿畸形并引产的198例病例进行回顾性分析。结果 198例胎儿畸形引产的原因位于前6位的分别为：先天性心脏病（32例,占16.6%）、脑积水（21例,占10.60%）、唇腭裂（20例,占10.10%）、四肢畸形包括四肢短小、并指、并趾（19例,占9.60%）、神经管畸形（18例,占9.09%）、消化道畸形（15例,占7.58%）。结论胎儿畸形的发生与孕妇的年龄、文化程度素质、环境、孕期服药、孕期合并症、并发症及营养等有关。为了减少出生缺陷的发生,应以预防为主,加强孕前及产前咨询,避免孕早期不良因素影响,尽早发现异常,及时行治疗性引产,以免给家庭和社会带来负担。     

Coronary heart disease risk factors and atherosclerosis in young people

Atherosclerosis begins in childhood or adolescence and progresses during the young adult years to cause clinical coronary heart disease (CHD) in middle-aged and older individuals. This article reviews evidence regarding the association of the major established CHD risk factors with atherosclerosis in adolescents and young adults, with emphasis on the findings of the Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PDAY) study. Age, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration, smoking, hypertension, obesity, and hyperglycemia are positively associated with atherosclerotic lesions, whereas female gender and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration are negatively associated with lesions. The PDAY study developed a risk score that provides a weighted summary of the risk factor effects on advanced atherosclerosis. Although developed to predict advanced atherosclerotic lesions, the risk score is also associated with all stages of lesion severity, including the transition from normal tissue to the earliest anatomically detectable lesion. Application of the PDAY risk score to data from longitudinal studies of risk factors in young adults shows that early measurement of risk factors predicts atherosclerosis assessed noninvasively up to 15 years later, and that subsequent change in risk score during the 15-year interval also predicts atherosclerosis. These findings provide strong support for maintaining a low lifetime risk and for focusing on preventing atherosclerosis as the most effective way to prevent CHD. Risk-factor control beginning in the late teenage years will retard development of the earliest stage of atherosclerosis and its progression, and will reduce or delay occurrence of CHD.     

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: classifications and critical analysis of preventive measures

The aim of this review was to summarize previously published classifications for ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), as well as to analyse the available methods for preventing OHSS. Withholding hCG and cycle cancellation--once the main methods of preventing OHSS--are now seldom used. There is a growing body of evidence to support the use of coasting to prevent OHSS, without cycle cancellation. However, most studies on coasting are retrospective, and well-designed prospective randomized studies are lacking. There is no current consensus as to how coasting should be carried out. A serum estradiol level of 3000 pg/ml is generally considered optimum for administration of hCG. It appears that intravenous albumin or hydroxyethyl starch at the time of oocyte retrieval is beneficial in preventing OHSS, but does not offer complete protection. There is insufficient evidence to support routine cryopreservation of all embryos for the later transfer of frozen-thawed embryos in high-risk patients. Several uncontrolled studies have reported the protective effect of GnRH agonist to trigger ovulation in preventing OHSS, though the method is applicable solely for gonadotrophin-only or GnRH antagonist cycles. A single dose of recombinant LH to trigger ovulation significantly reduced OHSS as compared with hCG. The possible role of GnRH antagonist protocols in reducing the incidence of OHSS is debatable. The above measures to prevent OHSS were successful in reducing the incidence of the syndrome, but complete prevention is not as yet possible.     

Economic consequences of falls and fractures among older people

This paper uses a burden of illness methodology to achieve a better understanding of the cost of falls and fractures within Ireland. The base number of older people falling annually in Ireland is 130,000. About 80% of these are non-injurious with the remainder following a healthcare trajectory that may involve hospital care, GP visits, outpatient visits, informal care, long-stay care and sometimes death. Unit costs are applied to the different levels of care and aggregated to generate the overall cost of illness of falls and fractures in the country. The estimated baseline cost of falls and fractures is Euro 404 million. The largest components of this cost are: mortality, lost quality of life, long-stay care costs and hospital inpatient costs. The findings are relevant in the context of the development of a National Strategy for the prevention of falls and fractures in Ireland. Investment in such a Strategy will likely yield significant benefits.