眼科老年患者跌倒的预防及护理

老年人跌倒已成为诱发其死亡的重要因素之一,对老年人健康生活造成严重危害。而导致老年人跌倒的原因主要有两个方面,自身因素和环境因素。因此预防老年人跌倒就必须从这两个主要因素着手。做到确立高危人群,加强预见性措施,加强护理风险管理,切实有效地进行健康教育,创造有利于老年患者的安全环境。对于医院而言要将安全护理纳入病房管理。做好有效全面的预防措施,才能较好地防止老年人跌倒,保障老年人的生命健康。     

基层医院老年骨科患者的护理

目前人口老龄化已成为我国面临的重要社会问题,要求全社会更多地关心老年人健康,改善老年人生活质量。我国已进入汽车大国行列,各类车祸事故频繁,老人群体经常成为受害者,老年人骨质疏松,身体虚弱,在农村很多老年人的儿女外出打工,留守家中的体弱老人还要操持家务,跌倒等突发意外伤经常发生。2007年1月至2008年12月我科收治老年骨折患者89例,经过我们医护人员精心医治与护理,绝大部分病人治愈出院。     

基于隐马尔可夫模型的老年人跌倒行为检测方法研究

随着社会老龄化程度的加剧,老年人的安全健康监护需求日益增加。跌倒行为在老年人日常生活中比较常见,它会给老年人带来严重的身体及心理伤害。因此,跌倒检测对于保护老年人的健康及安全具有重要意义。针对跌倒的运动过程,分析人体加速度变化特征,提出基于隐马尔可夫模型(HMM)的跌倒检测方法。将人体跌倒的加速度信号提取为加速度观测序列,并以此为训练样本训练隐马尔可夫模型,建立跌倒过程的概率模型进行跌倒检测。在验证实验中,采集10名志愿者共300例样本,采用5折交叉检验方法,对模型的有效性进行验证。验证结果表明,该方法检测跌倒的准确率为98.2%,灵敏度为91.3%,特异性为99.6%,具有良好的检测效果,可实现对跌倒行为的准确检测。     

住院老年患者跌倒的危险因素与护理

目的 本文就老年住院患者跌倒的危险因素与护理作一总结.方法 通过分析跌倒的相关危险因素而得出相应的应对措施.结果 及结论跌倒的护理重在预防.正确评估老年人身体状况,采取有效的措施,创造适合老年人特点的生活环境,做好老年人健康、保健知识宣传,对于防止老年人跌倒,提高老年人生活质量有重要意义.     

老年患者跌倒的原因分析及预防对策

随着现在社会的发展,我国人口的老龄化问题越来越严重,老年人所存在的不同原因的跌倒也随之越来越多.现将老年人跌倒的原因总结如下. 1 原因分析 1.1 环境生疏 老年人离家外出,对临时住处或活动场所不熟悉,如路面不平、潮湿,光线不足,楼梯不规则,地毯松动、破损等,容易跌倒.     

跌倒检测系统的研究进展

目的：随着社会老龄化的迅速发展,针对老年人群的健康安全监护的需求日益增加。跌倒检测系统能够有效检测老年人跌倒事件的发生并及时报警,保护老年人的健康及安全。方法：对一些常见的跌倒检测的系统、算法、设备及其应用进行了比较研究,并提出了一些关于系统评价标准设定的建议。结果：本文将跌倒检测系统分为基于视频图像的跌倒检测系统、可穿戴式的跌倒检测系统和环境式的跌倒检测系统三大类,并从舒适性、实用性、准确率等方面进行比较,还从实验对象选择、实验环境设置、样本动作分类和检测指标确立四个方面对建立跌倒检测系统的评价标准进行了阐述。结论：本文进行的比较研究系统地概述了跌倒检测系统的常见技术和算法,提出了其评价标准的基础框架,对于其进一步的研究设计、商品化开发具有一定指导意义。     

有跌倒史老年人坐立运动过程中的肌肉协同分析

目的 探讨有跌倒史的老年人坐立运动中肌肉募集机制是否发生变化。方法 招募17名健康年轻人、17名健康老年人及9名有跌倒史的老年人,采集右下肢16块肌肉的表面肌电信号(sEMG)和足底压力中心(COP)轨迹,使用Falls Efficacy Scale-International(FES-I)评估跌倒风险,通过非负矩阵分解(NNMF)提取肌肉协同。结果 3组在肌肉协同数量上无显著差异。有跌倒史老年人坐立运动初期,提前激活腘绳肌和踝关节跖屈肌,在运动的后期,这种提前激活转变为额外的肌肉活动,与健康组形成对比。此外,COP偏移量和FES-I评分显著增加,指示运动稳定性不足。结论 坐立运动中有跌倒史老年人腘绳肌和踝关节跖屈肌的异常激活可能影响下肢稳定和肌肉募集策略的改变。     

抑郁症状增加中国老年人跌倒风险

目的 探讨抑郁症状是否为中国老年人跌倒的潜在危险因素。方法 数据取自如皋长寿和衰老研究的子队列，通过简版老年抑郁量表(GDS-15)评估老年人抑郁情况，收集并记录研究对象于2014年基线及2017年随访时的跌倒发生情况。根据抑郁情况，将研究对象分为抑郁组和非抑郁组，比较组间一般资料及跌倒发生情况；应用Logistic回归分析抑郁症状是否增加老年人跌倒风险。结果 横断面研究纳入1 548例研究对象，跌倒的发生率为8.3%。“跌倒”组研究对象年龄较大、受教育程度较低以及认知障碍者所占比重更高；与非抑郁组相比，抑郁组女性、务农、受教育程度较低、非在婚、不吸烟、不饮酒以及认知障碍者所占比例更高；在调整混杂因素后，抑郁症状与老年人基线及3年后跌倒发生风险增高均相关(P<0.05)。结论 在中国社区老年人群中，抑郁症状是跌倒的潜在危险因素。     

一种实用的急救信息卡--平安卡

1 老年人健康的一般情况 目前，中国已步入老龄化社会，随着老年人的不断增加，老年人的健康问题已经成为全社会所关注的焦点之一，那么我们应该为老年人做些什么呢？尤其是许多老年人患有各种急慢性疾病（如糖尿病、心脏病、高血压阎等等）。而往往这些疾病症状的出现是非常突然的（在回家的路上，或者是在购物的超市中或者是在乘坐的电梯内，等等），并且此时患者常常伴有昏迷、休克等症状，如果又没有家人陪伴，人们不能及时、准确地获取患者的健康信息，常常会耽误掉许多宝贵的救治时间，而危及到患者的生命。     

老年住院患者跌倒的原因分析和防护对策

跌倒是老年病人常见现象,易造成骨折、软组织甚至脏器的损伤,进而限制老年人活动的范围,导致其严重的心理或社会障碍,成为诱发老年人死亡的重要原因之一.因此,加强宣传教育,做好老年住院患者跌倒的预防护理及宣传,对减少老年人的伤害及医疗纠纷有非常重要的意义.     

Spatio-temporal changes in the metabolic processes in the blood-tissue system in the terminal states of the organism

The role of synergism in diffusion of oxygen from erythrocyte into interstitial liquid and water filtration through the capillary wall was studied on the model using the following parameters: hydrostatic pressure on arterial and venous ends of the capillary (Pa and Pb), oncotic blood and tissue pressure (Pob and Pot), pore radius in the capillary (r), the number of pores in the capillary (n) per m2, amount of the liquid released from the capillary (q(x)), gas diffusion coefficient (D), time of erythrocyte movement in the capillary (T), speed of oxygen consumption (V), maximal distance with adequate V (Xmax), characteristic time of diffusion (Topt). It is shown that diffuse and convective components of the metabolic process have their own contribution and in changed conditions they redistribute. In increased number and diameter of hydravlic pores the greatest role in tissue saturation with oxygen belongs to convective metabolism, but in this situation tissues contain areas lacking oxygen.     

Changes in the edentate mandible in the elderly

Resorption of alveolar bone is the best recognized feature of mandibular aging in the edentate subject. The other consequences of the loss of teeth in the elderly are less well known. An anthropometric study of the mandible by antero-posterior and lateral radiographs of subjects older than 70 years both dentate and edentate but without any maxillo-mandibular dysmorphosis has been done to demonstrate the differences, which exist between the dentate and edentate mandible. The edentate mandibles showed a diminution in the height of the symphysis and increase in the height of the mandibular incisure. A diminution in the height of the body and an increase in the gonial angle in the significant manner. No significant difference was seen for the height of the ramus and the length of the mandible, the minimum width of the ramus and the bigonial width. The diminution in the height of the mandibular symphysis and of the body is explained by the resorption of the alveoli part of the mandible. The increase in the mandibular angle and the diminution in the height of the mandibular incisure may be explained by disequilibrium between the elevator and depressor muscles of the mandible, as a function of the elevator muscles or by the absence of the molar buttress.     

On the role of the lymphoid follicle-associated areas in the organization of the bursal follicle in the cloacal bursa in birds

The present paper contains data on the morphological modifications present in chicks which, after treatment with testosterone lasting 10 days (from the seventh to the seventeenth days after hatching), were killed on the 30th, 35th, 40th, 50th and 70th day of life; this interval of time might theoretically have allowed a gradual re-establishment of the bursal architecture. Examination of the bursae of Fabricus of the animals treated showed greatly varying pictures. The 2 main types of behaviour were the following: the histological pattern of certain bursae had been completely restored to normal. Others did not act in the same way but wide areas of their plicae proved to be devoid of lymphoid tissue and well-formed lymphoid follicles were observed only in certain places. These 2 kinds of behaviour, and particularly what we observed in the second case, might suggest that, since the lymphoid follicle-associated epithelial cells are the last to disappear after treatment with testosterone propionate and the follicles are restored only where these cells remain, the lymphoid follicle-associated epithelial cells may be considered to be responsible for the re-establishment of the bursal follicle.     

Changes in the adrenals in the sudden death syndrome in infants

Adrenal glands of 52 children dying from a syndrome of sudden death (SSD) and 14 children of the same age dying from acute viral respiratory infections (AVRI) with a long terminal period were studied. The following adrenal changes typical for the SSD were observed: low weight, decrease of the size of the definitive cortex and its zones, the appearance of numerous adenomatous growths in the definitive cortex and so-called giant cells in the fetal cortex, low secretory activity. The appearance of adenomas and giant cells in the presence of organ hypoplasia is a compensatory-hyperplastic adrenal response which attests to a long glucocorticoid deficiency in the SSD. It is suggested that the deficiency of these hormones leads to the metabolic disturbances in various organs, including brain, resulting in the narrowing of the range of homeostatic host responses; this may become the cause of sudden death when the clinical and morphological manifestations of AVRI are insignificant.     

神经调节蛋白1在神经发育中的研究进展

神经调节蛋白1(neuregulin 1,NRG1)是一类含有表皮生长因子样结构域的营养因子.NRG1与其受体ErbB构成的NRG1-ErbB信号通路在神经发育中发挥着重要作用,与精神分裂症等神经发育异常所导致的疾病密切相关.更好的理解NRG1-ErbB在神经发育中的机制有助于发展更有效的针对神经发育疾病的治疗措施,现就近年来NRG1在神经发育中的研究进展作一综述.