结合剂对镁质浇注料性能的影响

主要研究了SiO2 微粉、MgCl2 ·6H2 O和ρ Al2 O3 3种结合剂对镁质浇注料的耐压强度、显气孔率和抗水化性能的影响。结果表明 :采用SiO2 微粉和MgCl2 ·6H2 O为结合剂时 ,镁质浇注料 110℃2 4h处理后的耐压强度和抗水化性能优于采用ρ Al2 O3 的 ;采用MgCl2 ·6H2 O和 ρ Al2 O3 为结合剂时 ,浇注料 110 0℃ 3h热处理后的耐压强度明显下降 ;经 16 0 0℃ 3h热处理后 ,浇注料的耐压强度随着SiO2 微粉含量的增加先增大后减小 ,而MgCl2 ·6H2 O的影响较小 ,随着 ρ Al2 O3 加入量的增大浇注料的耐压强度明显降低。     

竹复合氯氧镁水泥制备与改性机理研究

为探索竹复合氯氧镁水泥制备工艺,制备出可用于装配式建筑的绿色生物质建材,通过实验探究物料配比对复合材料力学性能的影响,并对竹材进行改性处理增强复合材料界面结合强度,得到性能优良的氯氧镁水泥基复合材料.通过扫描电镜观察试件拉伸断面形貌,从微观角度分析复合材料界面结合机理.结果 表明:(1)当竹丝掺量超过1％时,竹丝复合氯氧镁水泥的抗折强度与竹掺量正相关.当掺量达到12.5％,复合材料抗折强度为34.12MPa,是未复合试件的292.1％.(2)不同改性剂对竹复合氯氧镁水泥的抗折强度增强效果排序为:碱液＞未改性＞复合改性＞偶联剂.(3)得到一种制备高强度竹复合氯氧镁水泥原料配比:MgO∶ MgCl2∶H2O(摩尔比)=4.7∶ 1∶14,粉煤灰掺量10％,5％ NaOH改性竹丝掺量12.5％,制得竹复合氯氧镁水泥抗折强度达到40.86 MPa,是未改性材料的123.7％,是未复合材料的349.8％,抗压强度与未复合材料基本一致,达到相关标准的使用要求.     

微波和煅烧制备氯氧镁水泥的工艺研究

以MgCl2·6H2O为原料,采用微波技术和煅烧的方法(两步法)制备氯氧镁水泥,并和直接煅烧(一步法)制备氯氧镁水泥做了对比。结果表明,制备出具有较优力学性能的氯氧镁水泥的最佳微波和烧结工艺条件分别为700 W、10 min和550℃、50 min,MgCl2·6H2O两步法制备氯氧镁水泥比一步法更节能省时。     

基于水氯镁石合成水合硅酸镁及其在镁质浇注料的应用

水氯镁石是一种非常具有应用前景的镁盐资源,其储量丰富,成本低廉。以青海盐湖水氯镁石和水玻璃合成不同MgO/SiO₂摩尔比(0.5:1,1:1,1.5:1)的水合硅酸镁(M-S-H)凝胶,采用XRD、SEM、红外和核磁共振等测试手段研究M-S-H的合成机理和结构特征,进而将合成的M-S-H与硅微粉复合制备镁质浇注料,探究M-S-H结构对浇注料结合特性的影响规律。结果表明:不同MgO/SiO₂摩尔比的M-S-H呈层状堆叠结构,MgO/SiO₂摩尔比为1:1时M-S-H的层间自由水少,结晶度最高;M-S-H替代部分硅微粉制备镁质浇注料能显著提高1 550 ℃热处理后浇注料的力学性能,其中MgO/SiO₂摩尔比为1:1的M-S-H复合硅微粉制备的镁质浇注料综合性能最佳,与添加6%(质量分数)硅微粉制备的镁质浇注料相比,其常温抗折强度和高温抗折强度分别提高75%和8%。     

H2C2O4和CO2复合表面处理镁钙砂及其浇注料的性能

首先采用H2C2O4溶液对镁钙砂进行表面浸溃,然后在CO2气氛下于450℃1 h热处理而制得抗水化的镁钙砂,再以此镁钙砂和电熔镁砂为原料制成不同CaO质量分数(0、10%、20%、30%)的浇注料,并研究表面处理后镁钙砂的抗水化性,镁钙浇注料的抗水化性、物理性能、抗渣渗透性及其对钢水的脱磷和脱硫效果.结果表明,经H2C2O4和CO2处理后的镁钙砂,其表面形成了一层均匀的、在低温(低于600℃)下主要由CaC2O4和CaCO3构成的保护膜,使其抗水化效果优于用H3PO4或单独用CO2处理的.采用这种镁钙砂制成的镁钙浇注料具有良好的抗水化性能,其常规物理性能优于镁质浇注料和用未处理镁钙砂制的浇注料,抗渣渗透性能强于镁质浇注料的,脱磷、脱硫效果也较未处理镁钙浇注料的更显著.     

微硅粉复合氯氧镁水泥制备与性能研究

利用微硅粉和氯氧镁水泥制备了不同微硅粉掺量的微硅粉-氯氧镁水泥,研究了微硅粉掺量对微硅粉-氯氧镁水泥抗压强度、耐水性和耐硫酸盐腐蚀性能的影响,并对微硅粉-氯氧镁水泥的物相组成和微观形貌进行了分析.结果表明:当n(MgO):n(MgCl2):n(H2O)体系物质的量比为7:1:15时,氯氧镁水泥样品的抗压强度、耐水和耐硫酸盐软化系数分别为78.85 MPa、0.72和0.76;当微硅粉掺量为30％时,其抗压强度、耐水性和耐硫酸盐腐蚀性能达到最佳,抗压强度达到了83.45 MPa,软化系数分别为0.74和0.78;微硅粉-氯氧镁水泥强度和耐水性能提升原因是微硅粉的微集料效应和火山灰特性.此外,使用工业废弃物微硅粉制备微硅粉-氯氧镁水泥可以明显降低氯氧镁水泥材料的制备成本,提高微硅粉的附加值.     

不同基质组成的刚玉-尖晶石浇注料性能研究

以板状刚玉、电熔尖晶石和铝酸钙水泥为原料,设计了尖晶石细粉质量分数分别为0、7.5%、15%和22.5%的4组浇注料,每组浇注料又依水泥量的不同设计了m(CaO)/m(Al2O3)分别为0.03、0.06、0.09、0.15、0.18的5个配方,制备了不同基质组成的刚玉-尖晶石浇注料试样,系统研究了试样经1 600℃3 h处理后的性能(尤其是高温抗折强度和抗热震性)及基质显微结构。结果表明:1)高温下尖晶石与基质中的Al2O3发生固溶而影响浇注料的高温强度,加入7.5%~15%质量分数的尖晶石细粉时,基质中的Al2O3与尖晶石固溶程度较大,基质的结合强度较强,高温强度明显较高;而加入尖晶石较多时,Al2O3量相对降低,减弱了固溶产生的结合,形成了"松散"的基质结构,可有效提高浇注料的抗热震性,因此加入22.5%质量分数尖晶石细粉的浇注料抗热震性最优。2)随着铝酸钙水泥的增加,浇注料的体积密度逐渐减小,常温抗折强度和弹性模量逐渐降低;当基质中m(CaO)/m(Al2O3)=0.09时,基质中刚玉细粉和Al2O3微粉与水泥在高温下全部反应,生成了大量交错分布的板状六铝酸钙,浇注料的高温抗折强度最高,抗热震性最好。     

低水泥刚玉浇注料的高温抗折强度研究

采用板状刚玉、电熔白刚玉、工业氧化铬微粉、α-Al2O3微粉、Secar71水泥、烧结尖晶石粉为原料,研究了水泥、α-Al2O3微粉、氧化铬微粉、尖晶石粉以及烧成温度对低水泥刚玉基浇注料高温抗折强度的影响。研究结果表明:烧成温度、水泥、尖晶石和α-Al2O3微粉对低水泥刚玉基浇注料的高温抗折强度影响较大。烧后膨胀越大,高温抗折强度越低;1700℃烧后试样的高温抗折强度高于1600℃烧后试样的高温抗折强度;控制加热永久线变化率,添加合适的水泥、α-Al2O3微粉和粒度细的尖晶石粉可以得到高温抗折强度高的试样。     

镁铝尖晶石和铬矿对镁质浇注料烧结的影响

研究了加入镁铝尖晶石和铬矿砂对SiO2微粉结合镁质浇注料烧结的影响。结果表明:(1)加入适量的镁铝尖晶石或铬矿砂对于提高镁质浇注料的烧结程度和强度均有较明显的作用,但加入量不能太多,在本试验条件下,加入镁铝尖晶石和铬矿砂的最佳质量分数分别为12%和10%;(2)加入镁铝尖晶石的镁质浇注料在强度方面要好于加入铬矿砂的;(3)加入的镁铝尖晶石作为晶种,促进了亚白刚玉粉和α-Al2O3微粉在镁质浇注料中生成镁铝尖晶石,铬矿砂的加入则生成了大量的镁铬尖晶石和少量的镁铝铬尖晶石。     

尖晶石加入量、水泥种类对刚玉-尖晶石浇注料高温抗折强度的影响

以板状刚玉、烧结尖晶石、氧化铝微粉和铝酸钙水泥为主要原料制备了铝酸钙水泥结合刚玉-尖晶石浇注料,研究了镁铝尖晶石加入量(质量分数分别为4%、7%、9%、11%、13%和15%)、铝酸钙水泥的类型(CA-270、CA-25R、CA-14M和Secar 71)对刚玉-尖晶石浇注料高温抗折强度的影响。结果表明:刚玉-尖晶石浇注料具有良好的高温抗折强度,试样的高温抗折强度受CA6高温结合相生成量、Al2O3固溶尖晶石的作用和原料带入的杂质高温下产生玻璃相共同作用的影响。在1 500~1 600℃范围内试样的高温抗折强度随着温度的升高而降低;在相同温度条件下,试样的高温抗折强度在尖晶石加入量为15%(w)时表现最好;不同种类水泥对试样高温抗折强度的影响主要表现为对高温结合物相CA6生成量的影响,同时水泥的细度和杂质含量对强度有明显影响,水泥越细,杂质越少,高温抗折强度越大。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.