航空伽马能谱测量地形影响改正实现方法

航空伽马能谱测量受地形因素影响较大,采用常规高度改正方法对复杂地形条件下的航空伽马能谱数据进行改正,会造成结果失真。笔者结合航测动态测量特点,论述了利用航测过程中获得的地形数据,对作用带内的地形进行细化,应用点状辐射体辐射场理论,采用地形校正系数对航空伽马能谱数据进行地形影响改正的具体实现方法;通过实测的航空伽马能谱数据对该方法进行检验,并与地面异常查证的结果对比,表明该地形改正方法效果较好,基本能消除地形起伏对测量结果产生的影响。     

角域地形点源电场解析计算及其在高密度电阻率法地改中的应用

通过角域叠加的方法获得由纯地形引起的视电阻率异常,采用比值法对边坡地形条件下的高密度电阻率法测量数据进行地形校正,并结合测区钻孔地质剖面分析地改效果。结果表明:角域地形改正的方法是有效的,地改后的反演断面与实际的地质情况更加接近,效果较好。     

起伏飞行在航空重力测量的应用研究

从理论上分析了起伏飞行测量对GT航空重力测量的影响程度;为了有效地验证起伏飞行的测量效果,开展平坦地形、起伏地形下的一系列缓起伏飞行测试,并分别对GT-2A直升机、固定翼航空重力缓起伏飞行测量结果进行了评价;测试结果表明:采用坡度不超过3.0°(爬升率约1/20)的缓起伏飞行方法是可行的,其重复测量内符合精度均小于0.7 m Gal,满足了高精度测量的要求。     

一种Web三维地形表面积测量方法

由于传统地形测量的局限,存在费时、费力、误差较大并且在某些高危险区域无法实地测量.传统的二维WebGIS只是对地形的投影面积进行简单测量,无法真实有效测量三维地形的表面积.随着互联网技术与地理信息技术的快速发展,这里提出了一种Web环境下,借助Cesium内置的方法,采用浏览器内核计算,并基于Cesium的三维地形切片...     

电磁法测量的地形影响及校正方法

针对地形对电磁测量结果的影响,设计了一组带地形模型,采用有限差分法对其进行了正演模拟计算。对模拟结果进行了分析,总结了地形对电磁测量视电阻率的影响规律,即TM模式比TE模式易受地形影响,山顶比山谷易受地形影响。在此基础上,分析了常用地形校正方法的优缺点;理论模型和实测资料反演结果表明带地形的二维联合反演可有效消除地形影响。     

航空伽马能谱地形改正新方法及应用

针对航空伽马能谱测量特点,推导了基于二维地形影响系数的航空伽马能谱测量地形逐点改正的理论公式。通过模型试验,总结了不同地形上不同飞行方式时的航空放射性异常特征,给出实测数据处理与野外异常查证对比结果,地形改正效果较好。     

航空伽玛能谱测量地形改正方法初探

航空γ能谱测量资料解释中,地形影响改正是人们关心的问题之一.常规的地形改正方法只能对测量剖面进行基于二维空间的修正,未考虑其它方向地形变化的影响.本文针对这一特点初步探讨了一种三维地形改正方法--角度扇形改正.方法从锥台状辐射体照射量率基本计算出发,将作用范围内的地形辐射体按角度划分为若干环形,然后对各环按照同样的规律细分为若干个小的扇形辐射体,分别计算各小辐射体对修正点的照射量率,求和并计算出相应的地形改正系数,进而对空中测点进行地形影响改正,从而实现任意地形、任意飞行方式下的航空γ能谱测量的三维正演、反演及地形影响改正等计算,同时还考虑了范围不饱和、地面辐射体中放射性元素含量不均匀等因素.正演模型和实例分析在一定程度上说明该三维地形改正方法的正确性和有效性.     

浅析GPS测量技术在房产基础测绘中的应用

GPS(Global Positioning System)全球定位系统具有性能好、精度高、应用广的特点.在测绘领域,GPS系统已广泛用于大地测量、工程测量、航空摄影测量及地形测量等各个领域.通过GPS静态测量和GPSRTK测量技术在性能特点、作业方法、技术条件及应用效果的分析,指出GPS技术在房产基础测量中具有传统测量技术无可比拟的优势.     

一种用于航空物探测量的无人机路径规划方法

笔者提出了一种三维路径自动规划方法,用于解决无人机在复杂地形条件下开展高精度航空物探测量所面临的自主导航问题。该方法以测网平面坐标及地表高程数据为输入,依据无人机的爬升率,对地表高程进行爬升率调整、切割线调整和抽稀拟合处理,得到匹配无人机爬升能力的高程曲面数据,进而提取出可以用于自主导航的航路点三维路径数据。仿真和试验测试结果表明,该方法规划的路径既保障了飞行安全,又具有一定的地形跟随效果,为无人机在复杂地形条件下获取高精度航空物探测量资料创造了有利条件。     

浅谈数字化地形测量中GPS技术的应用

随着地形测量技术的不断提高,GPS技术广泛地应用在测绘工作中,并日益发挥了其卓越的优势,文章对GPS技术的原理及在数字化地形测量中的应用进行了分析,同时对GPS技术和常规地形测量技术在工作中的应用进行比较,希望通过本文能对数字化地形测量工作有所帮助,使数字化地形测量方法得到进一步完善和丰富。     

Structural features of the northeastern slope of Govorov Guyot,Magellan Seamounts,Pacific Ocean

Photo/TV surveying (approximately 4500 photographs of the oceanic floor) and multibeam echo sounding data were compared to analyze the structural features of the northeastern slope of Govorov Guyot. A network of linear structures complicating this slope was visualized. The trajectories of the linear structures were determined and shown in rose diagrams. It was demonstrated that the photo/TV surveying of the oceanic floor represents an effective tool for studying its topography. The blocks bordered by linear fractures are characterized by different parameters of ferromanganese ore mineralization of the crust type, which may be explained by the determining role of the tectonic factor in the relief-forming process. The combination of the topographic features and the hydrodynamic regime within the blocks provides conditions favorable to different extents for the accumulation of Mn hydroxides.     

海洋物探方法在海上风电场勘察中的应用

海洋物探方法是海洋调查的主要方法,在海上风电地质勘察中得到了广泛的应用。在广东阳江沙扒海上风电场勘察中,通过浅地层剖面结合单道地震,查明了场区覆盖层厚度,绘制了基岩埋深图;采用多波束测深和侧扫声呐,并结合浅地层剖面探测和钻探取样成果查明了海底障碍物分布;通过浅地层剖面,初步查明了研究区浅层气分布范围;将海洋磁法成果绘制成研究区磁场等值线图。根据多波束测深、侧扫声呐、海洋磁法、浅地层剖面和单道地震等海洋物探方法特点,通过广东阳江沙扒海上风电项目,展示了应用海洋物探技术在海上风电勘察领域取得的成果。     

Hydrographic data modeling methods for determining precise seafloor topography

Acoustic and light detection and ranging are the recent methods used in hydrographical surveying. Depth values depending on X and Y horizontal coordinates are measured in both methods. While processing the hydrographical data, all data with different density are interpolated and modeled for determining the seafloor model using different interpolation techniques. In this study, effects of different surface modeling methods are investigated. Data obtained from single-beam echo sounder (SBES) are modeled using inverse distance, kriging, local polynomial, minimum curvature, moving average, nearest-neighbor, and Delaunay interpolation methods. Interpolation results are compared with the multibeam echo sounder data which were collected on the same area for determining the accuracy of modeling methods. Depending on the maximum total vertical uncertainty values in hydrographic survey standards, the best results were determined by using the kriging method. The Delaunay, minimum curvature, and inverse distance methods can be used for modeling the SBES data in shallow waters.     

Characteristics of the Submarine Topography and its Profile Type of the Coast of China

Based on the latest submarine topography data of the China 908 Project （China offshore marine environmental comprehensive investigation and assessment）,we analyzed the general China offshore submarine topographical characteristics and the factors influencing its development.The submarine topography off the coast of China follows the NW-SE trend of the land topography.The gradient of the submarine topography ranges from 0.2％ to 1.6％ with an average gradient of about 0.8％.The depth contours run mostly parallel to the coast,and extend out to sea in estuary areas.The submarine topography is dominated by the geological structure,which shows the typical characteristics of two uplifts and two subsidence events from north to south.The geological structure combined with the different sedimentary environments and complex hydrodynamic conditions produced topography that can be characterized by three types：sedimentary basins,compressionuplift,and transition form.In the sedimentary basin and compression-uplift regions,the topographical undulation is small,sediments are fine-grained,and the currents flow in a single direction,leading to bays with sedimentary plains and underwater accumulation slopes,which are of the same tectonic origin.Transition-type topography is characterized by strong undulations and mixed-size sediment particles,terraces and scarps inshore and shelf plains and erosion-deposition landforms offshore.This is a result of incomplete fault block development and repeated transgressions.In the deposition reformation regions （transition form type）,the topography has strong undulations,the sediments are coarse,tidal sand ridges are well-developed at terrigenoussupplied estuaries and convergence zones,and the Holocene sediments are thick,transformed by tides,river runoff,and currents.     

多波束测深系统的高精度差分GPS数据实时优化

多波束海底地形探测是目前世界上最为先进的海底地形探测方法.高精度的差分GPS定位是实现多波束系统高精度测深的最基本前提.在海上探测作业过程中,由于客观原因,差分GPS数据存在偶然误差,影响多波束测深精度.本文提出对差分GPS数据进行航速、航向平滑处理、误差定位点位置推算的实时优化方法和数学模型,并给出实际实现的例子.     

Segmentation and kinematics of the North America‐Caribbean plate boundary offshore Hispaniola

We explored the submarine portions of the Enriquillo–Plantain Garden Fault zone (EPGFZ) and the Septentrional–Oriente Fault zone (SOFZ) along the Northern Caribbean plate boundary using high‐resolution multibeam echo‐sounding and shallow seismic reflection. The bathymetric data shed light on poorly documented or previously unknown submarine fault zones running over 200 km between Haiti and Jamaica (EPGFZ) and 300 km between the Dominican Republic and Cuba (SOFZ). The primary plate‐boundary structures are a series of strike‐slip fault segments associated with pressure ridges, restraining bends, step overs and dogleg offsets indicating very active tectonics. Several distinct segments 50–100 km long cut across pre‐existing structures inherited from former tectonic regimes or bypass recent morphologies formed under the current strike‐slip regime. Along the most recent trace of the SOFZ, we measured a strike‐slip offset of 16.5 km, which indicates steady activity for the past ~1.8 Ma if its current GPS‐derived motion of 9.8 ± 2 mm a^?1 has remained stable during the entire Quaternary.     

Rio Muni盆地第四纪陆坡地震地貌学

基于Rio Muni盆地深水区1 400 km2的高分辨率三维地震资料,对第四纪陆坡开展地形、地貌单元的构型、成因及演化研究。主要取得3点结论:①依据海底坡度,研究区海底地形具有东西分带,南北分区的特点。②研究区发育水道（顺直水道和弯曲水道）、滑坡（陆坡滑坡和水道壁滑坡）及海底麻坑（孤立麻坑和条带状麻坑）3类典型地貌单元。上陆坡主要发育顺直水道,弯曲水道带发育在中-下陆坡。弯曲水道主要分布在南北2区,而顺直水道在南中北3区均有发育。水道的弯曲程度与海底坡度、重力流供给密切相关。③条带状海底麻坑主要分布在南北2区,孤立麻坑3区均发育。单一麻坑任意方向的剖面均具有“U”形或“V”形特征,其下方的气烟囱具有振幅增强,同相轴下拉特征。条带状麻坑分布在古水道上方或两侧的海底, 其走向剖面具有脊-槽相间地形特征。古水道和浅层气的逸散是形成条带状海底麻坑的主要因素。     

Deep-Water Glacial Plow Marks in the Western Margin of the Barents Sea

Doklady Earth Sciences - Data obtained from high-resolution multibeam echo sounding during the 26th cruise of R/V Akademik Nikolai Strakhov, maps of the Western Arctic bathymetry, the...     

南海北部陆坡古地貌特征与13.8Ma以来珠江深水扇

综合利用层序地层学和地球物理方法对珠江口盆地白云凹陷13.8 M a以来沉积古地貌进行了分析。通过对南海珠江深水扇系统分布及其独特的沉积特征和层序充填演化规律的分析,得出在13.8 M a以来层序发育过程中,凹陷位于宽阔陆架向海盆变迁的陆坡区,北部发育两种类型的峡谷水道,向南海盆方向逐渐变得宽缓;盆地的古地貌背景、物源和气候变化为其主控因素的结论。同时,13.8 M a以来南海北部陆坡深水区的沉积具有明显的继承性特点,现今的海底峡谷发育特点基本反映了整体的沉积背景。结果表明,白云凹陷13.8 M a以来的深水沉积受海平面相对变化的影响相对较弱,主要受古地貌背景及其变迁的控制,沉积具有继承性,与现今的沉积面貌非常相似。     

GPS在滑坡监测中的应用研究——以四川雅安峡口滑坡为例

本文主要介绍GPS用于地质灾害滑坡监测的技术和方法,并通过在中国四川雅安峡口滑坡示范区布设的GPS监测网的测量试验,阐述了在地形复杂、观测条件恶劣的山区进行GPS滑坡监测时,监测点位选择、监测网布设、数据处理的方法。监测结果表明,GPS滑坡监测的精度达到毫米级,完全可以应用于滑坡监测。