窄带成像与卢戈氏碘染色诊断老年病人食管早癌及癌前病变的对比研究

目的对比分析窄带成像(narrow-banding imaging,NBI)及卢戈氏碘染色(Lugol chromoendoscopy,LCE)对老年病人早期食管癌、癌前病变的临床应用价值。方法 2016年1月至2017年4月间,在我院行常规胃镜检查中发现可疑病灶者,共71例(97处病变)。结合病理结果,对比分析普通白光内镜、NBI与LCE的检出情况。结果 NBI、LCE对食管病变的检出率分别为96. 91%(94/97)、100%(97/97)。NBI、LCE诊断早期食管癌的敏感度相同,均为100%(13/13),诊断食管癌前病变的敏感度分别为94. 83%(55/58)、100%(58/58),两者间差异无统计学意义(χ2=0. 513,P=0. 431)。早期食管癌及高级别上皮内瘤变(high grade intraepithelial neoplasia,HGIN)的NBI、LCE分级为Ⅰ级的分别为96. 55%(28/29)、93. 10%(27/29),低级别上皮内瘤变(low grade intraepithelial neoplasia,LGIN)的NBI、LCE分级为Ⅰ级的分别为2. 38%(1/42)、2. 38%(1/42),早期食管癌及HGIN与LGIN病灶的NBI、LCE分级差异均有统计学意义(P0. 001)。结论 NBI和LCE对老年病人早期食管癌及癌前病变均有较好的诊断价值,可联合应用。但NBI较LCE简洁方便,耗时少,更适用于老年病人。     

内镜窄带成像技术对早期食管癌及癌前病变的诊断价值

目的 探讨内镜窄带成像技术(NBI)诊断早期食管癌及癌前病变的价值.方法 90例经内镜检查病理诊断的早期食管癌及癌前病变患者,共138个病变,分别在普通模式和NBI模式下观察食管黏膜.用普通放大及NBI放大观察病变的腺管开口形态及毛细血管结构形态,然后应用1.2%碘液行全食管染色,对所有NBI阳性及碘染色阳性部位均取活检,所有病变均以病理结果作为诊断标准,再将病变NBI分级、碘染色分级分别与病理诊断结果对比.结果 普通模式下发现病变104个(75.4%),NBI模式下发现病变120个(87.0%),碘染色发现病变138个(100.0%).NBI模式对病变的检出率高于普通模式(P＜0.05),而低于碘染色(P＜0.01),但NBI模式对高级别黏膜内瘤变的检出率与碘染色无明显差别(P＞0.05),主要差别在于NBI模式对低级别黏膜内瘤变的检出率低于碘染色(P＜0.01).结论 NBI可清晰显示早期食管癌、癌前病变的腺管开口及毛细血管结构形态,明显优于普通内镜,NBl技术与碘染色技术的有机结合可在更大程度上提高早期食管癌、癌前病变的诊断率.     

窄带成像技术诊断早期食管癌及其癌前病变的临床应用价值

目的探讨窄带成像技术（narrow-banding imaging，NBI）在早期食管癌及其癌前病变诊断中的临床应用价值。方法在白光和NBI模式下观察食管黏膜，记录病变的大小、范围，同时进行NBI分级。再应用NBI结合放大内镜观察病变部位上皮乳头内毛细血管袢（intrapapillary capillary loop，IPCL）形态，同时进行IPCL形态分型。最后应用1．2％碘液进行全食管染色，记录碘染色阳性部位大小、范围，并进行碘染色分级。对于NBI模式阴性而碘染色阳性的病变，再次应用NBI结合放大内镜进行检查。对所有NBI阳性及碘染色阳性部位均取活检。以病理结果作为诊断金标准，将其他检查结果与之作对照。结果（1）应用白光、NBI模式及碘染色检查72例患者中共发现104个病变。其中自光模式下，高年资和低年资内镜医师对病变检出率分别为82．7％（86／104）和70．2％（73／104）；应用NBI模式及碘染色后两位医师对病变的检出率相同，NBI模式均为86．5％（90／104），碘染色均为100．0％。（2）所有高级别黏膜内瘤变碘染色阳性，其中83．0％（39／47）碘染色分级为Ⅰ级；所有低级别黏膜内瘤变碘染色也为阳性，但其中87．2％（41／47）碘染色分级为Ⅱ、Ⅲ级。（3）91．5％（43／47）高级别黏膜内瘤变NBI阳性，其中69．8％（30／43）NBI分级为Ⅰ级；57．4％（27／47）低级别黏膜内瘤变NBI阳性，其中85．2％（23／27）NBI分级为Ⅱ、Ⅲ级。（4）93．6％（44／47）高级别黏膜内瘤变IPCL形态异常，其中88．6％（39／44）IPCL分型为Ⅳ、Ⅴ型；76．6％（36／47）低级别黏膜内瘤变IPCL形态异常，其中77．8％（28／36）IPCL分型为Ⅱ、Ⅲ型。结论与白光模式相比，NBI模式与碘染色均可增强病变的识别性，提高内镜医师对病变的检出率。NBI结合放大内镜可提高对高级别黏膜内瘤变诊断的符合率，效果与碘染色相当。NBI在早期食管癌及癌前病变诊断有一定的临床应用价值。     

卢戈液染色与P53蛋白检测诊断早期食管癌和癌前病变

目的 探讨内镜下卢戈液染色和活检组织P53检测诊断食管早期癌和癌前病变的可行性。方法 78例可疑早期食管癌患者行内镜下卢戈液染色,对粘膜不染色区活检结果为重度不典型增生细胞者行P53蛋白免疫组化染色,对P53蛋白阳性的病灶行内镜粘膜切除术。结果 在78例患者,共发现25例患者存在31处粘膜不染色区,其中单纯增生上皮1处,轻度异型增生2处,中度异型增生9处,重度异型增生16处,鳞状细胞癌3处。7例P53蛋白表达阳性的重度不典型增生粘膜行内镜粘膜切除术后,1例被证实为粘膜内癌。结论 卢戈液染色和活组织P53蛋白检测不仅对诊断早期食管癌有帮助,而且对选择治疗重度不典型增生病灶行内镜粘膜切除术有指导意义。     

NBI放大内镜联合超声内镜在早期食管癌及癌前病变中的诊断价值

目的探讨NBI放大内镜联合EUS在早期食管癌及癌前病变中的诊断价值。方法选择2014年1月至2018年3月期间在本院接受检查的94例早期食管癌及癌前病变患者作为研究对象,患者在进行普通白光内镜检查的基础上进行NBI放大内镜结合超声内镜检查,记录早期食管癌在普通白光内镜、NBI放大内镜模式下的不同表现,同时根据术后病理检查标准,确定早期食管癌及癌前病变在不同内镜模式下的检出情况及EUS检查对食管病变浸润深度的敏感性、特异性及准确性。结果94例早期食管癌及癌前病变患者经普通白光内镜模式、NBI放大内镜模式及病理检查共发现病灶107处,其中癌前病变43例,食管炎症53例,早期食管癌9例,食管癌侵及肌层2例;早期食管癌及癌前病变经NBI放大内镜检出率(86.54%),显著高于经普通白光内镜检出率(67.31%)(P 0.05);普通白光内镜下,共发现77处食管病灶,包括黏膜发红34例,黏膜发白27例,红白相间16例;其中Ⅱa型17例,Ⅱb型18例,Ⅱc19例,Ⅱa+Ⅱc型23例; NBI放大内镜下,共发现97例食管病灶,呈IPCL改变,其中Ⅳ、Ⅴ1、Ⅴ2型92例,Ⅴ3、Ⅴn型5例;食管病变经EUS判定发现癌前病变28个,黏膜内癌2个,黏膜下癌7个,侵及肌层癌2个,其中癌前病变经EUS判定的敏感性为93.33%、特异性为81.82%、准确性为90.24%;黏膜内癌+黏膜下癌经EUS判定的敏感性为77.78%、特异性为87.50%、准确性为85.37%。结论 NBI放大内镜联合超声内镜检查有利于清晰显示食管黏膜形态及血管网分布情况,提高了早期食管癌及癌前病变检出率,同时准确判断食管病变浸润深度,为临床选择合适治疗方案提供参考依据。     

超声微探头联合卢戈(lugol)液染色诊断早期食管癌及癌前病变61例

目的研究超声微探头联合卢戈液染色对早期食管癌及癌前病变的诊断价值。方法61例患者经胃镜检查发现食管有非隆起性可疑病变,首次病理检查均提示慢性炎症。对可疑病灶行卢戈氏碘染色,微探头超声引导下对卢戈氏碘不染色区、浅染区行活组织病理检查。结果61例患者确诊为鳞癌10例(16.4%),其中早期食管癌6例,3例病理诊断为食管炎,微探头超声高度怀疑食管癌,后再次取活检(1~3次)证实为食管癌;不典型增生18例(29.5%),其中轻度不典型增生9例,中度不典型增生5例,重度不典型增生4例,慢性炎症33例(54.1%)。结论超声微探头联合卢戈氏染色对食管病变有较高的诊断价值,尤其是早期食管癌及癌前病变。对微探头超声高度怀疑食管癌而活检阴性的病理需多次活检,以提高诊断的阳性率。     

窄带成像技术与碘染色诊断早期食管癌及癌前病变的对比研究

目的 探讨窄带成像技术(NBI)对食管癌及癌前病变的诊断价值.方法 对2008年5月至11月北京友谊医院4056例患者进行常规内镜、NBI、碘染色检查食管,筛查到82例114处病变,对这些病变行NBI结合放大内镜检查并靶向取活检.比较3种检查方法对病灶的诊断价值,井比较IPCL分型与病理的一致性.结果 与NBI和碘染色相比,常规內镜对早期食管癌及癌前病变较易漏诊,尤其是平坦型病变.NBI和碘染色对病灶的检出率均较高(78.0%和79.8%),高级别黏膜內瘤变均主要表现为NBIⅡ级(80.4%)和碘染色I级(85.7%),低级别黏膜内瘤变主要表现为碘染色Ⅱ/Ⅲ级(66.0%),但NBI对其不具有特异性.高级别黏膜内瘤变以IPCL形态Ⅳ、V型表现为主(92.9%),低级别黏膜内瘤变以IPCLⅡ、Ⅲ型表现为主(89.4%),IPCL形态分型与病理诊断之间具有较好的一致性.结论 碘染色及NBI对早期食管癌及癌前病变均有较高的检出率;NBI结合放大內镜观察IPCL形态,可能成为早期食管癌內镜下治疗及术后是否复发的重要依据.     

内镜窄带成像技术联合碘染色诊断早期食管癌及癌前期病变的应用价值

目的探讨内镜窄带成像技术(NBI)联合碘染色诊断早期食管癌及癌前期病变的应用价值。方法收集该院2011-03~2016-11行常规内镜、NBI及NBI联合碘染色检查患者的临床资料,筛选其中216例相关病例,比较不同检查方法的检查效果以及NBI、碘染色分级与病理诊断的关系。结果 NBI联合碘染色对病灶的检出率为100.00%,显著高于常规内镜的76.64%和单一NBI检查的89.05%(P0.05)。高级别瘤变主要表现为NBIⅠ级和碘染色Ⅰ级,低级别瘤变NBI和碘染色主要表现为Ⅱ、Ⅲ级。结论 NBI可清晰显示食管病变毛细血管结构形态,有机结合NBI技术与碘染色技术可有效提高早期食管癌及癌前病变的诊断率。     

内镜窄带成像技术在早期食管癌及癌前病变诊断中的应用

目的 探讨内镜窄带成像技术(NBI)在食管癌及癌前病变诊断中的价值.方法 对205例患者采用普通胃镜及胃镜NBI检查食管,病灶取病理活检,食管癌及中重度异型增生者进入本研究,比较普通胃镜及胃镜NBI对食管癌及中重度异型增生的诊断价值,分析食管癌及癌前病变的NBI表现.结果 普通放大胃镜不易观察到食管上皮内血管,NBI观察食管黏膜呈淡青色,放大观察可清楚地观察到茶色的食管上皮内血管及青色的深层血管.NBI观察早期食管癌及异型增生病灶呈茶色,病灶处深层血管不能显示.5例中重度异型增生及2例m1癌病灶的上皮乳头内血管环(IPCL)均表现为IPCL-Type Ⅳ-1型改变,2例m2癌为IPCL-Type Ⅳ-2型改变;3例m3及1例sm1癌为IPCL-Type Ⅳ-3型改变;3例sm2及8例进展期癌为IPCL-Type Ⅳ-4型改变.结论 NBI可观察食管黏膜及黏膜下的血管改变,较普通胃镜更易发现早期食管癌及癌前病变病灶.     

乙酸染色结合窄带成像内镜对早期结直肠癌和癌前病变的诊断价值

背景:内镜下乙酸染色结合普通窄带成像(NBI)内镜能提高早期结直肠癌和癌前病变的诊断率。目的:评价乙酸染色结合NBI在早期结直肠癌和癌前病变诊断中的价值。方法:2011年11月-2013年7月接受结肠镜检查的180例患者共检出236个怀疑结直肠癌和癌前病变的病灶,分别用乙酸染色结合NBI(联合组)、单一NBI、靛胭脂染色的方法观察病灶腺管形态、微血管形态和黏膜白化时间,分析不同方法诊断结直肠癌和癌前病变的价值。结果:联合组腺管形态的内镜图像清晰度明显优于NBI组和靛胭脂组(χ2=15.113,P=0.000;χ2=6.128,P=0.013),微血管形态的内镜图像清晰度亦优于NBI组(χ2=7.384,P=0.007)。联合组、NBI组、靛胭脂组对结直肠癌和癌前病变的诊断总符合率分别为91.9%、89.0%、86.9%。联合组腺管形态的诊断率明显优于NBI组(χ2=4.490,P=0.034),而微血管形态无明显差异。联合组Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ型腺管形态、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型微血管形态、黏膜白化时间30 s对结直肠癌和癌前病变的诊断敏感性分别为94.0%、92.8%、92.2%,特异性分别为87.4%、88.1%、88.0%,准确率分别为91.5%、91.1%、90.7%。联合组ⅤN型或高度不规则ⅤI型腺管形态、ⅢB型微血管形态和黏膜白化时间0~5 s预测浸润性癌的敏感性、特异性、准确率均较好。结论:乙酸染色结合NBI能清晰显示早期结直肠癌和癌前病变的腺管和微血管形态,与病理结果具有较好的一致性,有助于病变性质和浸润深度的诊断。     

Efficacy of narrow-band imaging in detecting early esophageal cancer and risk factors for its occurrence

Objective

The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of narrow-band imaging (NBI) in the detecting early esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions and to investigate the risk factors for its occurrence.

Methods

The esophagus was examined with ordinary endoscopy, NBI, and iodine staining. All the lesions were confirmed by histopathologically as the gold standard; NBI and intrapapillary capillary scale (IPCL) scale were compared with pathologic diagnosis. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV) were calculated. Subgroup analysis was performed between the elderly vs. younger group, and head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) vs. non-HNSCC patients.

Results

Ninety lesions were detected with ordinary endoscopy, 108 with NBI, and 120 with iodine staining. All esophageal cancers were detected both by NBI and by iodine staining. Accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for esophageal cancer and precancerous lesion were 67.8%, 58.1%, and 76.6%; 92%, 89.7%, and 96%; 93.4%, 93.4%, and 93.2%, respectively. NBI endoscopy and iodine staining were superior to ordinary endoscopy for detecting esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions (p?<?0.05). NBI showed better detection of esophageal neoplasms in the elderly patients (p?<?0.001). The incidence of multiple squamous cell cancers (SCCs) was significantly higher in non-elderly group (p?=?0.009). NBI can also detect more esophageal neoplastic lesions in patients with head and neck cancers (p?=?0.003).

Conclusions

NBI endoscopy appears as effective as Lugol staining to detect and screen the early esophageal cancer. NBI shows better detection of esophageal neoplasms in the elderly patients. The incidence of multiple SCCs was much higher in non-elderly patients.

     

Lugol chromo‐endoscopy versus Narrow Band Imaging for endoscopic screening of esophageal squamous‐cell carcinoma in patients with a history of cured esophageal cancer: a feasibility study

To date, Lugol chromo‐endoscopy is the reference technique to detect an esophageal neoplasia in patients with prior esophageal squamous‐cell carcinoma (ESCC), but is not easy to perform without general anesthesia, which can limit its use in routine practice. The objective of this study were to compare the accuracy of white light, narrow band imaging (NBI), and Lugol to detect esophageal neoplasia in patients with a history of cured ESCC, in a prospective study. Thirty patients were prospectively included between June 2006 and June 2009. They all had a history of cured ESCC. Esophageal mucosa was examined first using white light, second NBI, and third after Lugol staining. Histology was obtained in all abnormalities detected by white light, NBI, and/or Lugol. Five neoplastic lesions in five different patients were identified at histology, four cancers, and one high‐grade dysplasia. NBI and Lugol both detected all esophageal neoplastic lesions, whereas white light detected the four cancers but missed the high‐grade dysplasia. In this feasibility study, NBI and Lugol both detected all identified esophageal neoplasia in very high‐risk patients of ESCC. This result suggests that NBI could be used instead of Lugol to detect an esophageal neoplasia in patients with high risk of ESCC, but needs to be confirmed in a larger study.     

Is it proper to use non‐magnified narrow‐band imaging for esophageal neoplasia screening? Japanese single‐center,prospective study

Aim: Most screening examinations in Japanese general hospitals are carried out by high‐definition television‐incompatible (non‐HD) scopes and non‐magnifying endoscopes. We evaluated the narrow‐band imaging (NBI) real‐time diagnostic yield of esophageal neoplasia in high‐risk patients at a general hospital. Methods: In a single‐center, prospective, non‐randomized controlled trial, 117 consecutive screening patients with high risk for esophageal cancer received primary white‐light imaging (WLI) followed by NBI and iodine‐staining endoscopy (59 by HDTV‐compatible [HD] endoscopy and 58 by non‐HD endoscopy). The primary aim was to evaluate the diagnostic yield of non‐magnified images in diagnosing esophageal neoplasia. The secondary aim was to compare HD endoscopy and non‐HD endoscopy in terms of diagnostic performance. Results: Overall, the sensitivity of NBI for screening of esophageal neoplasia was superior to WLI, and equivalent to iodine staining (92% vs 42%; P < 0.05, 92% vs 100%; ns). The specificity of NBI was equivalent to WLI (89% vs 94%; ns). In HD, NBI sensitivity was equivalent to both iodine staining and WLI (100% vs 75%; ns). In non‐HD, NBI sensitivity was equivalent to iodine staining, but WLI sensitivity was significantly inferior to NBI (88% vs 100%; ns, 25% vs 88%; P < 0.05). The NBI specificity was equivalent to WLI not only in HD but also in non‐HD (90% vs 96%; ns, 88% vs 93%; ns). Conclusion: In both HD and non‐HD endoscopy, NBI is less likely than WLI to miss a lesion. Even with non‐HD endoscopy, NBI is suitable for esophageal standard examinations in general hospitals.     

内镜下碘染色用于江苏淮安地区食管疾病筛查1983例研究

目的探讨内镜下碘染色在食管癌高发区的食管早癌内镜筛查中的重要临床价值。 方法2014至2016年在江苏省淮安市清浦区武墩镇及盐河镇等对1983例40～60岁人群进行食管癌内镜筛查,对比碘染色前后食管黏膜颜色和形态的变化,并对黏膜染色异常者行活检病理检查。 结果740例患者共835处病灶接受食管组织活检,有273例于碘染色前发现(白光状态下),碘染色后再发现562例。其中碘染后新发现5例黏膜内癌,205例各种异型增生,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),表明碘染色后食管癌及癌前病变的检出率明显高于染色前。 结论内镜下食管黏膜碘染色可明显提高筛查过程中食管癌及癌前病变的检出率,且因其价格低廉,操作简单,值得临床推广应用。     

Assessment of novel endoscopic techniques for visualizing superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: autofluorescence and narrow-band imaging

Lugol chromoendoscopy (LCE) is a useful technique for visualizing superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SESCC), but the stimulating effect of the Lugol solution can sometimes cause clinical problems. Newly developed techniques such as narrow-band imaging (NBI) and autofluorescence imaging (AFI) enable SESCC to be easily visualized without LCE. This study aimed to assess the visualizing power of white-light imaging (WLI), NBI, and AFI, compared with LCE. Sixteen patients with 16 SESCCs underwent LCE and endoscopy with NBI and AFI before endoscopic or surgical treatment. Twenty sets of endoscopic SESCC images were prepared, each of which contained still images from WLI, NBI, AFI, and LCE. The image sets were shown to 25 endoscopists, who then each completed a questionnaire about the ease-of-detection of the SESCCs, scoring WLI, NBI, and AFI images with reference to a perfect score for LCE; mean scores were compared. Overall, significantly higher scores were given for NBI than for WLI and AFI, with no significant difference between WLI and AFI. Stratification by endoscopist characteristics indicated that younger or less experienced endoscopists gave significantly higher scores for AFI than WLI. Stratification by lesion characteristics revealed that AFI had significantly higher scores than WLI for flat/elevated lesions or those with diameter ≥20 mm; scores were significantly lower for depressed lesions or those with diameter <20 mm. For SESCC, the visualizing power of NBI seems more similar to that of LCE than AFI or WLI: NBI might be more useful than AFI or WLI in detecting SESCC. AFI seems to have both superior and inferior visualizing power to WLI depending on characteristics of endoscopists or SESCC lesions.     

碘染色在食管癌高发区直接内镜普查中的应用和效果

目的 研究碘染色在食管癌高发区直接内镜普查中的应用和效果以及对比碘染色前后癌和异型增生的发现率。方法 在高发现场对3022例40—69岁人群进行内镜检查，观察并记录食管黏膜颜色、形态和黏膜下血管纹理，碘染色后再观察其颜色变化，并行组织括检。结果 经活检组织学诊断，并发现食管癌131例，中度和重度异型增生659例。碘染色前后发现食管癌分别为57例、111例，发现中度和重度异型增生154例、505例。统计学上差异有显著性意义。结论 内镜检查中碘染色可明显提高浅表食管癌和异型增生的发现率。     

色素内镜对早期胃癌及癌前病变的诊断价值

研究内镜下美蓝染色对早期胃癌及癌前病变的诊断价值。内镜下有黏膜异常表现的120例患者，54例予以美蓝染色后活检，66例单纯活检。美蓝染色组病检证实有肠化萎缩者占23例，不典型增生15例，早期胃癌4例（均经手术病理证实）；单纯活检组（对照组）病理证实有肠化萎缩者占18例，不典型增生10例，未检出早期胃癌。染色组早期胃癌及癌前病变检出率为77．78％，对照组为40．90％，两组差别有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结果表明，应用色素内镜指导黏膜活检，可显著提高早期胃癌和癌前病变的检出率。     

自体荧光内镜诊断消化道恶性肿瘤和癌前病变的临床初探

背景：自体荧光内镜应用于临床已十余年,但对其诊断消化道恶性肿瘤和癌前病变的价值仍存在争议。目的：探讨自体荧光内镜在消化道恶性肿瘤和癌前病变中的诊断价值。方法：对2010年6月～2013年3月于上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院确诊或高度怀疑消化道恶性肿瘤以及随访癌前病变患者的170例离体手术标本和30例在体受试者进行自体荧光内镜检查,以组织病理学检查结果作为金标准。结果：自体荧光内镜诊断消化道恶性肿瘤和癌前病变的总体准确性、敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值（PPV）和阴性预测值（NPV）分别为94．0％、94．6％、93．5％、92．6％和95．3％。自体荧光内镜与组织病理学诊断结果一致性较高（κ=0．880）。离体试验中,癌前病变和早期癌与进展期癌的检出率无显著差异（88．2％对95．8％,P=0．238）,分化型癌与未分化型癌的检出率差异显著（97．9％对86．8％,P=0．009）;在体试验中,分化型癌与未分化型癌的检出率无显著差异（94．1％对80．0％,P=0．373）。结论：自体荧光内镜对于消化道恶性肿瘤和癌前病变具有较高的诊断价值,有望成为诊断早期消化道恶性肿瘤的重要手段。     

荧光支气管镜在中央型肺癌诊断中的价值

目的评价荧光支气管镜在中央型肺癌诊断中的价值。方法将患者随机分为白光组和荧光组,对可疑病变部位进行活检和/或刷检,比较两组检查结果的差异。结果入组患者86例,白光组和荧光组分别为44例和42例,肺癌一次性检出率分别为52.3%和78.6%,有统计学差异(χ2=6.54,P=0.038)。镜下呈增生型病变的肺癌检出率两组无统计学差异(χ2=0.34,P=0.84)。对于镜下呈非增生型病变,白光组检出率15.4%,荧光组为77.8%,两组有统计学差异(P=0.0138)。对中、重度不典型增生和原位癌检出率,白光组和荧光组分别为8.7%和24.2%,两组无统计学差异。结论荧光气管镜在中央型肺癌的诊断中具有重要的作用。     

Original article: Prospective evaluation of narrow‐band imaging endoscopy for screening of esophageal squamous mucosal high‐grade neoplasia in experienced and less experienced endoscopists

Narrow‐band imaging (NBI) is a novel, noninvasive optical technique that uses reflected light to visualize the organ surface. However, few prospective studies that examine the efficacy of NBI screening for esophageal cancer have been reported. To compare the diagnostic yield of NBI endoscopy for screening of squamous mucosal high‐grade neoplasia of the esophagus between experienced and less experienced endoscopists. Patients with a history of esophageal neoplasia or head and neck cancer received NBI endoscopic screening for esophageal neoplasia followed by chromoendoscopy using iodine staining. Biopsy specimens were taken from iodine‐unstained lesions and the histological results of mucosal high‐grade neoplasias served as the reference standard. The primary outcome was the sensitivity of NBI for detecting new lesions. The secondary outcome was the positive predictive value of NBI and the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of NBI in a per lesion basis. A total of 350 patients (170 by experienced endoscopists and 180 by less experienced endoscopists) underwent endoscopic examination. A total of 42 new mucosal high‐grade neoplastic lesions (25 in the experienced endoscopist group and 17 in the less experienced endoscopist group) were detected. In the per‐lesion‐based analysis, the sensitivity was significantly higher in the experienced endoscopist group (100%; 25/25) compared with the less experienced endoscopist group (53%; 9/17) (P < 0.001). The positive predictive value of NBI was higher in the experienced endoscopist group than in the less experienced endoscopist group (45%, 25/55 vs. 35%, 9/26), although the difference was not significant (P = 0.50). The sensitivity of NBI in the less experienced endoscopist group was 43% in the former half of patients, and increased to 60% in the latter half of patients. In the per‐patient‐based analysis, the sensitivity of NBI was significantly higher in the experienced endoscopist group (100%) than in the less experienced endoscopist group (100 vs. 69%, respectively; P = 0.04). The positive predictive values of the experienced endoscopist group and the less experienced endoscopist group were similar, and were 48 and 47%, respectively. In conclusion, compared with the gold standard of chromoendoscopy with iodine staining, the sensitivity of NBI for screening of mucosal high‐grade neoplasia was 100% with the experienced endoscopists but was low with the less experienced endoscopists. Electronic chromoendoscopy with NBI is a promising screening tool in these high‐risk patients with esophageal mucosal high‐grade neoplasia, particularly when performed by endoscopists with experience of using NBI.