肺癌患者体液生物标志物的蛋白质组学研究现状

肺癌是人类癌症死亡的首要原因.为了早期检测、监测肺癌,探寻肺癌的蛋白生物标志物成为近年来的研究热点.蛋白质组学,尤其是定量蛋白质组学可以在复杂生物样品中鉴定和定量蛋白质/多肽,用于肿瘤相关蛋白的研究.体液样本容易收集,治疗过程中可反复留取,越来越多的被用于发现肺癌潜在标志物的研究.本文就蛋白质组学在肺癌体液中的标志物研究做一简要综述.     

肺癌的癌前病变

肺癌常见的组织学类型有鳞状细胞癌、腺癌、大细胞癌和小细胞癌.以往肺癌诊断时疾病已处于晚期,但近年来随着影像学技术的发展、支气管镜技术的提高、肺癌筛查和肺癌早期诊断的分子标记物的应用,早期肺癌的诊断,特别是肺癌的癌前病变的检出率明显增高.对于肺癌前病变的认识,主要是鳞状细胞癌,有关其诊断标准和分级已于1999年WHO肺和胸膜肿瘤组织学分型中详细描述 [1].与鳞状细胞癌相反,对肺腺癌的癌前病变认识还较少,不典型腺瘤样增生(AAH)被认为是细支气管肺泡癌(BAC)和部分周围型腺癌的癌前病变.由于在小的活检标本或细胞学检查中这些癌前病变的诊断非常困难,且辅助技术对它们的诊断没有帮助,因此认识它们的病理形态对诊断至关重要.     

与肺癌相关的靶基因研究简介

肺癌是目前全世界发病率最高的恶性肿瘤，其病死率也居于前列。因此，肺癌的早期诊断及早期治疗对于降低肺癌患者的病死率以及改善患者生存质量至关重要。近年来有关肺癌早期诊断、治疗及预后的分子标志物的研究愈来愈受到关注。在肺癌中，非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer，NSCLC)占绝大多数。针对晚期NSCLC，肿瘤分子靶向治疗日趋重要。因此，从分子水平研究肺癌的发病机制和诊断，对肺癌的防治有重大意义。近些年，对基因水平方面的研究也取得了很大进展。现对与肺癌相关的靶基因最新研究进行展综述如下。     

肺癌的CT与MRI诊断进展

随着影像学进展,CT、MRI等先进技术的应用,对早期发现肺癌及术前明确诊断机会越来越大,影像学的肿瘤分期越来越接近病理改变.目前CT是影像学无创性肺癌诊断最有效、最特异的方法,随着MRI应用,MR[与CT相结合,对肺癌的诊断更明确,提供更多的诊断信息,尤其对碘过敏不能行CT增强检查者.本文重点讨论CT与MRI对早期发现肺癌和术前明确诊断具有重要价值.     

血清SCC-Ag、CEA、CA15-3联合检测在肺癌诊断的临床应用

肺癌是最常见的起源于支气管粘膜或腺体的恶性肿瘤,其发病率和死亡率呈上升趋势,早期诊断是提高疗效的关键。至今尚无单项肿瘤标志物能有效地用于肺癌的早期临床诊断,探讨多项联合检测显得尤为重要。同时不同肿瘤标志物的检测还有助于区别肺鳞癌和腺癌。本研究对97例肺癌患者进行SCC—Ag、CEA、CA15—3的联合测定,以观察其对肺癌的辅助诊断及临床意义。     

人工智能技术在肺癌诊断中的研究进展和应用

随着科技的飞速发展,人工智能 （Artificial Intelligence,AI） 在医疗领域的应用愈发广泛,特别是在肺癌诊断方面备受瞩目。肺癌早期诊断对治疗和生存率至关重要,而 AI的应用有助于医生更精准地诊断肺癌,提高准确性和效率。 本文将详细介绍AI技术在肺癌诊断方面的研究进展,涵盖肺癌筛查、影像学诊断、基因突变检测、血液肿瘤标志物检测以及病理学检测等多个方面。然而,AI在肺癌诊断中的应用仍面临一些挑战,需要进一步的研究和改进。     

血清CEA、CA15-3和SF联合检测对肺癌的应用价值

肺癌是一种恶性程度高、发展迅速的恶性肿瘤,因此,肺癌的早期诊断尤为重要.血清肿瘤标志物的检测已在肺癌的诊断中得到广泛应用,但单项标志物检测的敏感性及特异性均有限.为此,本文对99例肺癌患者进行血清CEA、CA15-3和SF联合检测,探讨其对肺癌的诊断价值.现报道如下:     

血清CYFRA21-1、CEA、NSE联检对肺癌的诊断价值

肺癌是临床最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,起病隐匿,恶性程度高,已成为目前人类因癌症死亡的主要原因.早期诊断肺癌在临床工作中具有重要意义.单一血清肿瘤标记物的检测对肺癌诊断的敏感性和特异性均欠佳,为此我们联检CYFRA21-1、CEA、NSE,以探讨其在肺癌诊断中的应用价值.     

肺癌患者血清中p53基因突变的检测及意义

肺癌是目前严重危害人类健康的最常见恶性肿瘤之一.临床上诊断为早期的一些肺癌患者外周血中可能已经有循环的肿瘤DNA[1],提示检测其外周血中的肿瘤DNA,对肺癌患者的诊断、分期和预后的判断等可能具有重要价值.     

miRNA155、CEA、NSE 联合检测在早期肺癌诊断的中价值分析

目的:分析miRNA155、癌胚抗原(Carcinoembryonic antigen,CEA)、神经元特异性烯醇酶(Neuron specific enolase,NSE)联合检测在早期诊断肺癌的价值.方法:将我院2018年4月至2021年1月期间收治的52例早期肺癌作为病例组,同期接受检查的40例肺部良性病变者做为病变组,同期接受健康体检的42例作为健康组.三组均接受miRNA155、CEA以及NSE检查.对比上述三者单独检测以及联合检测对早期肺癌的诊断价值.结果:病例组miRNA155、CEA以及NSE水平均高于病变组和健康组(P<0.05);病例组miRNA155、CEA以及NSE阳性率均高于病变组和健康组(P<0.05);miRNA155、CEA以及NSE诊断符合率、敏感度、特异度均低于联合检测(P<0.05).结论:miRNA155、CEA、NSE在早期肺癌中均有表达,且联合检测对早期肺癌诊断价值更高.     

Cancer Testis Antigens: A Novel Target in Lung Cancer

Lung cancer is the main cause of cancer mortality worldwide. This is mainly due to the fact that it is diagnosed in advanced stage patients, which are no more surgically curable. Consequently, searching for novel treatments and new modalities for early diagnosis offers great promise to improve the clinical outcome. Recently, a new group of antigens, the cancer testis antigens, have been described as possible early diagnostic tools and therapeutic targets in cancer therapy.This review will report emerging evidences of cancer testis antigens deregulation in lung cancer and explore the state of the art of their currently known role and potential as markers for early diagnosis and disease progression and targets of an immunotherapeutic approach aiming to improve the cure rate of this tumor.     

Lung cancer imaging

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the US. Imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis, staging, and follow-up evaluation of patients with lung cancer. With recent advances in technology, it is important to update and standardize the radiological practices in lung cancer evaluation. In this article, the authors review the main clinical applications of different imaging modalities and the most common radiological presentations of lung cancer.     

Serum lipidome screening in patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer

Clinical and Experimental Medicine - The ability of early lung cancer diagnosis is an unmet need in clinical practice. Lung cancer metabolomic analyses conducted so far have demonstrated several...     

Detection of lung cancer using multiple genetic markers—a systematic review

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, and has one of the lowest survival rates of any solid tumor. In recent years, several attempts have been conducted to improve an early or accelerated diagnosis due to better overall prognosis after therapy. The aim of this study was evaluating the use of genetic markers for diagnosis of lung cancer. This study was conducted in accordance to Transparent Reporting of Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses. Three Internet sources were used to search: MEDLINE‐PubMed, EMBASE, and LILACS. The databases were searched for studies conducted in the period up to and including May 10, 2011. The following inclusion criteria were applied: lung cancer studies, and the use of genetic markers for diagnosis. Studies using animal models, review articles, meta‐analyses, abstracts, conference proceedings, editorials/letters, case reports, incorrect study population, inadequate data, and cytology was not obtained, were excluded. A total of 1,901 abstracts/citations were identified for preliminary review. From 24 final selected studies, 17 referred to chromosomal markers diagnosis, eight to genes as marker, and one to both subjects. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was applied in all studies. Despite the limitations of this study, application of genetic markers to lung cancer diagnosis seems to have prognosis value irrespective of detection methodology used. FISH was the main technique applied to diagnose genetics alterations and revealed a high specificity, although some authors reported low sensitivity. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013;41:834–842. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Automatic detection of solitary lung nodules using quality threshold clustering,genetic algorithm and diversity index

ObjectiveThe present work has the objective of developing an automatic methodology for the detection of lung nodules.MethodologyThe proposed methodology is based on image processing and pattern recognition techniques and can be summarized in three stages. In the first stage, the extraction and reconstruction of the pulmonary parenchyma is carried out and then enhanced to highlight its structures. In the second stage, nodule candidates are segmented. Finally, in the third stage, shape and texture features are extracted, selected and then classified using a support vector machine.ResultsIn the testing stage, with 140 new exams from the Lung Image Database Consortium image collection, 80% of which are for training and 20% are for testing, good results were achieved, as indicated by a sensitivity of 85.91%, a specificity of 97.70% and an accuracy of 97.55%, with a false positive rate of 1.82 per exam and 0.008 per slice and an area under the free response operating characteristic of 0.8062.ConclusionLung cancer presents the highest mortality rate in addition to one of the smallest survival rates after diagnosis. An early diagnosis considerably increases the survival chance of patients. The methodology proposed herein contributes to this diagnosis by being a useful tool for specialists who are attempting to detect nodules.     

基于CT影像分析的肺结节计算机辅助检测与诊断技术进展

肺结节是肺部最常见的病变之一,肺结节的早期检测和诊断对于肺癌的早期诊治十分重要.近年来,随着多层螺旋CT(MSCT)、高分辨CT(HRCT)及低剂量胸部CT(LDCT)的应用,计算机辅助诊断(CAD)系统的必要性和重要性也日益显现.由于CAD系统可以明显提高诊断医生的工作效率,为更多的患者服务,因此成为国内外相关领域专家的研究热点,近几年来也取得了一定的成果.就肺结节的CT计算机辅助检测和诊断的基本方法和应用作一综述. Abstract： Lung nodules are one of the most common pathological changes, thus early detection of lung nodule is very important for the diagnosis medical treatment of lung eancer. In recent years, as the application of multi-slice spiral CT(MSCT), high-resolution CT(HRCT) and low-dose chest CTCLDCT), computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system will be more essential and more important. Since CAD system can improve the working efficiency of doctors and provide service to more patients, has become the research hotspot and achievement has been made in relevant area internationally recently. This review summarizes the basic methods and applieations of computer-aided detection and diagnosis of lung nodule based on CT image.     

循环肿瘤细胞在肺癌诊疗中的临床研究进展

肺癌现已成为发病率及致死率最高的恶性肿瘤,且呈逐年增高趋势,给人类的身体健康及生命安全带来严重威胁。肺癌的复发与转移是导致患者死亡的最主要原因,可能与循环肿瘤细胞（CTCs）进入血液存在一定关系,CTCs在肺癌患者的早期诊断、治疗指导、疗效评估及预后等方面具有十分重要的作用。本文就CTCs在肺癌诊疗中临床应用及研究进展进行综述。