共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 53 毫秒
1.
食管癌是全球第8位常见恶性肿瘤,且死亡率居第6位[1]。食管癌的主要组织类型分为食管鳞状细胞癌(食管鳞癌)和食管腺癌[2]。在西方国家食管腺癌发病率逐渐增高;亚洲食管癌的主要类型是食管鳞癌,约占食管癌的90%。食管癌的分布呈现地域性[3, 4]。尽管多种治疗方案的联合治疗可改善食管癌的治疗效果,但其预后仍然很差[2]。食管癌的发生发展与遗传学(基因突变、杂合子缺失和染色体重塑等)及表观遗传学(DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰和非编码RNA等)的改变相关[1, 5]。DNA甲基化是表观遗传学的主要形式,并与食管癌发生发展密切相关[6 8]。为此,笔者主要对食管癌的发生发展过程中,肿瘤抑制基因甲基化的改变进行综述。 相似文献
2.
DNA的甲基化参与基因的表达调控它的异常与肿瘤等疾病的发生有关,抑癌基因启动子区的异常甲基化和癌基因的去甲基化均影响肿瘤发生发展。在大肠癌的发生发展过程中,也伴随着DNA的异常甲基化。本文对目前常见的基因甲基化及其对大肠癌的作用和影响以及在治疗和预后所起的作用作一综述。 相似文献
3.
DNA甲基化作为一种重要的表观遗传机制,在癌症发生发展中起了重要的作用。是分子生物学的研究热点,引起各国科学家的关注。针对DNA甲基化以及DNA甲基化异常的机制进行概述。 相似文献
4.
DNA芯片技术是新近出现的新的基因分析方法,它是将成千上万个寡核苷酸固定在约厘米大小的硅片上,将待测材料用荧光素或同位素标记,在DNA芯片上与探针杂交,通过激光共聚焦显微镜对芯片进行扫描获取杂交探针的荧光信号,该技术可用于DNA测序,转录情况分析,基因诊断与基因药物设计,突变及多肽性检测遗传作图等方面的研究。 相似文献
5.
DNA芯片技术是新近出现的新的基因分析方法。它是将成千上万个寡核苷酸固定在约厘米大小的硅片上,将待测材料用荧光素或同位素标记,在DNA芯片上与探针杂交,通过激光共聚焦显微镜对芯片进行扫描获取杂交探针的荧光信号。该技术可用于DNA测序,转录情况分析,基因诊断与基因药物设计,突变及多肽性检测遗传作图等方面的研究。 相似文献
6.
核仁小RNA (small nucleolus RNA,snoRNA)是一类在真核生物中普遍存在的非编码RNA,根据其结构特征,可分为两大类:box C/D snoRNA和box H/ACA snoRNA,分别介导RNA 2''-O-甲基化和假尿嘧啶化修饰。近期研究发现,snoRNA还影响mRNA前体(pre-mRNA)的可变剪接,能够通过生成miRNA来介导基因沉默,并通过与蛋白质相互作用调节其功能活性。在电离辐射的生物效应中,DNA损伤与修复过程是至关重要的生物学基础。然而,目前关于snoRNA在电离辐射引起的DNA损伤中的作用的研究还相当有限。本综述旨在概述snoRNA的生物学功能及其在电离辐射诱导的DNA损伤修复中可能的调控角色,以期为探究snoRNA的功能及机制提供新思路。 相似文献
7.
对日本原子弹爆炸幸存者队列的流行病学研究,是各国进行辐射危害评价及赔偿的主要依据。依据流行病学数据建立模型,定量计算辐射危险,使该结果的应用更加明确。近年来随着日本原子弹爆炸幸存者队列数据资料的进一步搜集、方法学的不断完善,模型的研究也取得了新的进展。该文对迄今为止各个主要致力于辐射致癌研究的机构给出的辐射致癌模型及人群危险转移进行综述,简要介绍建立模型及转移时考虑的因素,以期为我国辐射致癌赔偿相关应用提供参照。 相似文献
8.
目的 探讨小剂量辐射(LDR)对小鼠全血基因组DNA甲基化的影响,以及DNMT1、MBD2在外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)及各组织中的表达变化。 方法 SPF级BALB/c雄性小鼠30只按随机数字表法均分为3组:对照组、单次0.5 Gy照射组和分次0.5 Gy(0.05 Gy/d×10 d)照射组。照射组均行6 MV X射线全身照射。其中分析早期效应的15只小鼠(5只/组)在末次照射后2 h,每组10只处死,分析延迟效应的另外15只小鼠末次照射后30 d处死。收集PBMC、肾脏、肝脏、脾脏、脑及肺组织。采用整体甲基化定量试剂盒和高效液相色谱法(HPLC)分析全血DNA甲基化水平,RT-PCR法检测小鼠PBMC及各组织DNMT1和MBD2 mRNA的表达。 结果 末次照射后2 h,与对照组比较,分次照射组全血DNA甲基化水平降低(两种检测方法, t =10.19和8.93, P<0.05),DNMT1和MBD2 mRNA在小鼠PBMC、肾脏和肝脏中表达均降低( t =5.06、3.01、3.97、12.25、3.50和3.73, P<0.05),MBD2 mRNA表达在脾脏中降低( t =3.03, P<0.05);而单次照射组均无明显改变。末次照射后1个月,单次、分次照射组的全血甲基化水平较对照组差异均无统计学意义,仅分次照射组小鼠PBMC和脑组织MBD2 mRNA水平降低( t =3.52和2.85, P<0.05)。 结论 分次LDR可引起全基因组低甲基化,这种效应具有组织特异性,可能与DNMT1、MBD2的表达降低有关。 相似文献
9.
泛素和小泛素样修饰物(SUMO)以共价键形式连接到特定的蛋白底物上,进行泛素化修饰或SUMO化修饰,通过调控蛋白质的稳定性、活性、定位或相互作用来影响多种细胞活动,其中包括DNA损伤修复、细胞周期、细胞凋亡和免疫应答等。当细胞受到DNA损伤时,泛素化修饰和SUMO化修饰能够调控相关蛋白质的功能和相互作用,参与到DNA损伤修复和信号传导的过程中。这些修饰作用对于维持基因组的完整性至关重要。近年来,研究发现泛素化修饰和SUMO化修饰在DNA损伤修复中都发挥着重要作用。笔者对这些作用机制进行综述,为深入了解电离辐射诱导的DNA损伤修复机制提供参考。 相似文献
10.
核仁小RNA(small nucleolus RNA, snoRNA)是一类在真核生物中普遍存在的非编码RNA, 根据其结构特征, 可分为两大类:box C/D snoRNA和box H/ACA snoRNA, 分别介导RNA 2′-O-甲基化和假尿嘧啶化修饰。近期研究发现, snoRNA还影响mRNA前体(pre-mRNA)的可变剪接, 能够通过生成miRNA来介导基因沉默, 并通过与蛋白质相互作用调节其功能活性。在电离辐射的生物效应中, DNA损伤与修复过程是至关重要的生物学基础。然而, 目前关于snoRNA在电离辐射引起的DNA损伤中的作用的研究还相当有限。本综述旨在概述snoRNA的生物学功能及其在电离辐射诱导的DNA损伤修复中可能的调控角色, 以期为探究snoRNA的功能及机制提供新思路。 相似文献
11.
该文从基因结构、生物学功能和基因寡核苷酸多态性与疾病发生等方面探讨人源8-羟基鸟嘌呤DNA糖苷酶(hOGG1)基因在DNA损伤修复中的作用及其基因寡核苷酸多态性与癌症的遗传易感性的关系;综述hOGG1基因与癌症遗传易感性的分子流行病学研究;探讨hOGG1基因寡核苷酸多态性与辐射致癌的关系;指出hOGG1基因作为癌症易感人群诊断和预防标志物的价值. 相似文献
12.
Purpose: Ionizing radiation (IR) is a ubiquitous environmental stressor with genotoxic and epigenotoxic capabilities. Terrestrial IR, predominantly a low-linear energy transfer (LET) radiation, is being widely utilized in medicine, as well as in multiple industrial applications. Additionally, an interest in understanding the effects of high-LET irradiation is emerging due to the potential of exposure during space missions and the growing utilization of high-LET radiation in medicine. Conclusions: In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the effects of IR on DNA methylation, a key epigenetic mechanism regulating the expression of genetic information. We discuss global, repetitive elements and gene-specific DNA methylation in light of exposure to high and low doses of high- or low-LET IR, fractionated IR exposure, and bystander effects. Finally, we describe the mechanisms of IR-induced alterations to DNA methylation and discuss ways in which that understanding can be applied clinically, including utilization of DNA methylation as a predictor of response to radiotherapy and in the manipulation of DNA methylation patterns for tumor radiosensitization. 相似文献
13.
Discriminating individuals within a pair of monozygotic (MZ) twins using genetic markers remains unresolved. This inability causes problems in criminal or paternity cases involving MZ twins as suspects or alleged fathers. Our previous study showed DNA methylation differences in interspersed repeat sequences such as Alu and LINE-1 within pairs of newborn MZ twins. To further evaluate the possible value of LINE-1 DNA methylation for discriminating MZ twins, this study investigated the LINE-1 DNA methylation of a large number of twins. We collected blood samples and buccal cell samples from 119 pairs of MZ and 57 pairs of dizygotic (DZ) twins. Genomic DNA was extracted and LINE-1 methylation level was detected using bisulfite pyrosequencing. The mean methylation level of the three CpG sites in the blood sample among the 176 unrelated individuals was 76.60% and 70.08% in buccal samples. This difference was significant, indicating the tissue specificity of LINE-1 DNA methylation. Among 119 pairs of MZ twins, 15 pairs could be discriminated according to the difference of CpG methylation level between them, which accounted for 12.61% of total number of MZ pairs. As for DZ twins, 10 pairs had significant differences between two individuals, which accounted for 17.54% of the total 57 DZ pairs. In conclusion, there are global DNA methylation differences within some healthy concordant monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs. LINE-1 DNA methylation might be a potential marker for helping to discriminate individuals within MZ twin pairs, and the tissue specificity must be considered in practice. 相似文献
14.
目的探讨鼻咽癌放疗诱发骨肉瘤的影像表现,并复习相关文献,以期对其进一步认识。资料与方法回顾性分析4例经病理证实的继发于鼻咽癌放疗的骨肉瘤患者的影像资料,4例均行CT平扫,3例行增强扫描,1例行MRI平扫及增强扫描。结果病变位于上颌骨、下颌骨、颈部软组织及鼻腔各1例。CT像上4例均见软组织肿块包绕大小不等的高密度瘤骨,3例与周围组织分界不清且均有邻近骨质破坏,另1例有包膜与周围组织分界清晰;增强扫描3例,1例包膜环形强化,3例软组织肿块不均匀轻度强化,中央坏死区无强化;MRI表现为1例T1WI、T2WI均为混杂信号,中央瘤骨为低信号,增强扫描,病灶不均匀明显强化。病理表现为2例来源于颌骨,软骨母细胞型及纤维母细胞型各1例,1例考虑为来源于软组织骨软骨瘤放疗后软骨母细胞型骨肉瘤,1例为来源于鼻腔纤维母细胞型骨肉瘤。结论瘤骨为鼻咽癌放疗诱发骨肉瘤的主要特征表现,结合临床与影像学检查,可提高对该病的诊断水平。 相似文献
15.
目的比较标准酚-氯仿、TripureDNA提取法、强碱法3种DNA提取法,研究哪种方法更简单方便,更适合做DNA甲基化特异性PCR(MSP)。方法分别用标准酚-氯仿、TripureDNA提取法、强碱法提取Jurkat细胞株中的DNA,并对3种方法提取的DNA含量、纯度及所需时间进行比较。结果3种方法提取DNA的纯度和完整性都较好,标准酚-氯仿法提取的DNA含量最低,且最费时;强碱法提取的DNA含量最高,并最省时。结论这3种DNA提取法提取的DNA都能够达到做MSP的要求,比较而言,强碱法更具优越性。 相似文献
16.
Over the past decade, age prediction based on DNA methylation has become a vastly investigated topic; many age prediction models have been developed based on different DNAm markers and using various tissues. However, the potential of using nails to this end has not yet been explored. Their inherent resistance to decay and ease of sampling would offer an advantage in cases where post-mortem degradation poses challenges concerning sample collection and DNA-extraction. In the current study, clippings from both fingernails and toenails were collected from 108 living test subjects (age range: 0–96 years). The methylation status of 15 CpGs located in 4 previously established age-related markers (ASPA, EDARADD, PDE4C, ELOVL2) was investigated through pyrosequencing of bisulphite converted DNA. Significant dissimilarities in methylation levels were observed between all four limbs, hence both limb-specific age prediction models and prediction models combining multiple sampling locations were developed. When applied to their respective test sets, these models yielded a mean absolute deviation between predicted and chronological age ranging from 5.48 to 9.36 years when using ordinary least squares regression. In addition, the assay was tested on methylation data derived from 5 nail samples collected from deceased individuals, demonstrating its feasibility for application in post-mortem cases. In conclusion, this study provides the first proof that chronological age can be assessed through DNA methylation patterns in nails. 相似文献
17.
In a previous study, we have provided the first proof that chronological age can be estimated through DNA methylation (DNAm) patterns in fingernails and toenails. DNAm data of 15 CpGs located in 4 genetic markers ( ASPA, EDARADD, ELOVL2 and PDE4C) were evaluated, of which variable selection yielded age prediction models with a mean absolute deviation (MAD) ranging from 7.68 to 9.36 years, depending on the sampling location. Three additional age-associated markers ( KLF14, MIR29B2CHG and TRIM59) were assessed in the current study with the goal of increasing the prediction accuracy of the model initially constructed for toenails. This new and improved age estimation assay yielded an MAD of 4.82 and 5.61 years for the training and test set, respectively. The feasibility of the application for post-mortem cases was also demonstrated through testing a limited set of samples collected from deceased individuals. 相似文献
18.
Ku蛋白参与辐射诱导的DNA损伤修复,严重影响着肿瘤细胞的辐射敏感性。细胞内Ku蛋白异常表达与肿瘤发生和发展存在密切关系。目前,研究者试图抑制Ku蛋白表达来增强肿瘤细胞的辐射敏感性,为进一步靶向治疗奠定基础。 相似文献
19.
ABSTRACTDNA methylation displays promise in a variety of forensic applications, including chronological age estimation and identical twin differentiation. Knowledge of the age of a body fluid donor would offer intelligence information, as well as provide context to physical characteristic markers. Differentiation of identical twins would also be of considerable benefit as the DNA profile of identical twins cannot be distinguished when a correspondence between DNA profiles recovered from crime scene samples and a person is identified. Our research investigates and develops a methodology for DNA methylation analysis that could be implemented into forensic casework. Our results show that the differentiation of identical twins and chronological age prediction are both possible, with similar accuracies to other international research. Targeted multiplexing of bisulphite converted DNA in combination with massively parallel sequencing is demonstrated as a viable alternative to traditional methylation analysis techniques. 相似文献
|