微量稀土对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr合金力学性能与腐蚀性能的影响

采用慢应变速率拉伸试验、显微硬度和电导率测试、晶间腐蚀和剥落腐蚀试验、光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜等分析方法,研究微量稀土对7085铝合金（Al-7.5Zn-1.5Mg-1.4Cu-0.15Zr）力学性能和腐蚀性能的影响。研究结果表明,与未添加稀土的合金相比,添加微量稀土使合金组织细化,时效后强度、硬度提高,电导率略有降低。同时,合金的耐腐蚀性大大提高,其中抗晶间腐蚀性能由四级提高为二级、48 h下的剥落腐蚀性能由EB提高为PA、反映应力腐蚀性能的ISSRT值由65%提高到96%。     

稀土对7085铝合金锻件组织和腐蚀性能的影响

采用晶间腐蚀和剥落腐蚀试验、硬度和电导率测试、慢应变速率拉伸试验、光学显微镜观察、透射电镜观察等试验方法,研究微量稀土对7085铝合金(Al-7.5Zn-1.5Mg-1.4Cu-0.15Zr)锻件组织和腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,与未添加稀土的铝合金锻件相比,添加0.15wt%稀土使7085铝合金组织细化,时效后硬度提高,电导率略有降低,抗晶间腐蚀、剥落腐蚀性能显著提高。尤其加入Sc后,合金的硬度提高了21.3%,剥落腐蚀性能由EB提高为PA。     

Effects of rare earth elements on corrosion behaviors of low-carbon steels and weathering steels

The effects of rare earth elements on the corrosion properties of low-carbon steel and weathering steel were investigated. To elucidate the roles of rare earth elements (Ce and La) and the corrosion behavior of steels, salt spray tests, electrochemical techniques, X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscopy, Electron Probe Micro Analysis (EPMA), and Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) were conducted. The results showed that the addition of rare earth elements enhances the corrosion resistance of both low-carbon steels and weathering steels, indicated by lower corrosion current density and salt spray corrosion rate after rare earth alloying. On the one hand, rare earth elements modify the morphology of inclusions and thus slow down the micro-area electrochemical corrosion, which improves the electrochemical corrosion resistance of these two steels. On the other hand, rare earth atoms tend to segregate toward the interface between the rust layer and the matrix. Hence, salt spray corrosion resistance is improved due to the enhancement of adhesion and compactness of the rust by the addition of rare earth elements.     

微量稀土对7085铝合金强度和腐蚀性能的影响

采用慢应变速率拉伸试验、晶间腐蚀和剥落腐蚀试验、硬度和电导率测试、光学显微镜等分析方法,研究微量(0.15 mass%)稀土对7085铝合金(Al-7.5Zn-1.5Mg-1.4Cu-0.15Zr)强度和腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,与未添加稀土的铝合金相比,添加微量(0.15 mass%)稀土使7085铝合金组织细化,时效后强度、硬度提高,电导率略有降低,抗晶间腐蚀、剥落腐蚀和应力腐蚀性能显著提高。     

Effect on marine immersion corrosion of carbon content of low alloy steels

This paper attempts to reconcile information from a number of different sources about the effect of small changes in carbon content on the immersion corrosion of specimens of normal commercial mild and low alloy steels. It does so through interpreting the data reported in the literature in terms of the recently proposed theoretically based phenomenological model for marine immersion corrosion. This model postulates different corrosion phases as corrosion progresses. When the experimental results are interpreted in terms of the model it is found that carbon content has minimal effect on the kinetically controlled corrosion phase. The next phase, when corrosion rate is controlled by oxygen diffusion, is also unaffected, in agreement with theoretical predictions. However, carbon content does affect the two anaerobic phases, with increased corrosion as the carbon content and the water temperature increase. The model allows apparently conflicting observations to be reconciled and shows that carbon content may be influential for longer-term corrosion and for corrosion in tropical waters.     

Effect of small compositional changes on marine immersion corrosion of low alloy steels

Small changes in the composition of mild and low alloy steels can effect their immersion corrosion behaviour. A number of comprehensive test programs for coupons immersed at different locations and recovered at different times have been reported. Comparison between them has also been attempted with modest success as well as leaving some apparent inconsistencies in the effect of some alloying elements.In this paper, a new comparative analysis of previously reported observations is reported. It employs a recently reported multi-phase phenomenological corrosion-time model, with different corrosion phases governing corrosion behaviour. Each phase is a function of time.The analysis shows that metal composition can influence the first, kinetically controlled corrosion phase and also the long-term anaerobic corrosion phases. However, during the phase controlled by oxygen diffusion through the corrosion product, metal composition is largely irrelevant, in agreement with theoretical predictions. It is shown that the several observations in the literature about the effect of particular alloys can be reconciled, including apparently conflicting observations about the effect of chromium content.     

合金钢稀土渗氮层的硬度增强机理

为研究合金钢稀土渗氮层硬度增强机理,采用扫描电镜、透射电镜和显微硬度计等测试方法,对3种常用合金钢的常规渗氮和稀土渗氮的显微组织和渗层硬度进行分析。结果分析认为,稀土原子的渗入导致钢表层晶粒缺陷密度增加,在缺陷处生成气团,使晶粒内氮原子偏聚区增多,晶粒亚结构细化,导致硬度提高;同时稀土原子沿晶界渗入和扩散,会诱导晶界迁移,使晶界表面突壁和扭折密度发生变化,可以使常规渗氮中容易析出的网状ε氮化物减少,降低了沿晶界断裂的可能性,在晶界强化。这些作用的叠加,提高了渗氮层的硬度,增强了材料的力学性能。     

The pitting corrosion of low alloy and mild steels

Electrochemical investigations and microscopical examinations of pitting corrosion of low alloy (weathering) steels, copper bearing steel and plain carbon steel have been performed. Higher inclination to pit formation in steels containing alloying elements were ascertained in corrosive environments containing chlorides. Scanning electron microscopy enabled the determination of differences in morphology of pits formed on the steels under study.     

微量稀土Sm对AZ80镁合金腐蚀性能的影响

通过静态失重法、电化学法、扫描电镜和XRD等手段研究微量Sm对AZ80镁合金的腐蚀性能和微观组织的影响.结果表明:Sm的加入使试验合金的自腐蚀电位升高,自腐蚀电流密度减小,合金的耐蚀性得到提高.当Sm含量为0.6％时合金的腐蚀速率下降为3.3g·m-2·d-1仅为原始合金的25％.同时Sm在合金中形成Al3Sm相,改变了AZ80镁合金中β相(Mg17Al12)的数量和分布,使镁合金的腐蚀行为由较严重的局部腐蚀向均匀腐蚀转变.     

La-Ce混合稀土对Mg-Al-Mn合金力学性能及耐蚀性能的影响

研究了La-Ce混合稀土对Mg-Al-Mn合金组织形貌、力学性能及耐蚀性的影响。采用T-1200CB坩埚炉冶炼稀土含量(质量分数)分别为4.63%、5.81%、6.18%的Mg-Al-Mn合金。在箱式电阻炉中对研究试样进行430 ℃保温24 h的固溶处理,然后进行200 ℃保温24 h时效处理。对不同热处理状态的试样进行组织观察,对固溶时效后的试样进行拉伸、硬度及盐雾腐蚀试验,从而分析La-Ce混合稀土对Mg-Al-Mn合金显微组织、力学性能及耐蚀性的影响。研究表明,随着合金中的La-Ce混合稀土含量的增加,Mg₁₇Al₁₂相逐渐被Al₄(La, Ce)相代替;硬度、抗拉强度和伸长率都逐渐减小,力学性能下降;合金的腐蚀速率逐渐下降,耐蚀性提高。     

稀土在变形镁合金中的应用

综述了稀土在变形镁合金中的作用和应用情况。重点阐述了Mg-RE—Zr系变形镁合金的析出强化作用及塑性变形行为。稀土在变形镁合金中的应用具有十分广阔的前景。     

稀土氧化物对低合金钢焊缝组织与韧性的影响

通过正交试验方法设计9组以稀土氧化物为添加剂的碱性焊条药皮成分,研究了在焊条药皮中添加的稀土氧化物种类和添加量对低合金钢焊缝组织与低温韧性的影响。试验结果表明,适量氧化镧、氧化铈和氧化钇的混合添加剂具有改善焊缝组织和提高焊缝低温冲击韧性的作用,在药皮中添加w(La2O3)0.7%,w(Ce2O3)1.0%和w(Y2O3)0.3%时,其焊缝低温韧性相对最好;氧化钇对焊缝低温韧性的影响程度明显高于氧化镧和氧化铈,而氧化镧和氧化铈对焊缝低温韧性的影响规律和作用程度基本相同。     

Effect of rare earth element Ce and La on corrosion behavior of AM60 magnesium alloy

New AM60-RE (RE = Ce or La) alloy was prepared and its corrosion behavior was evaluated by hydrogen evolution and electrochemical methods. New γ phase containing higher content of RE and Al elements has been found. The corrosion resistance of AM60 alloy improved with addition of RE, and this improvement could attribute to depression of the micro-galvanic couples, because the fraction of β was decreased, as well as the deposited RE-containing phases were less cathodic. Moreover, RE and Al enrichment in the corrosion product films on the RE-containing alloy surface was also a key factor to the inhibition of further corrosion.